考研英语一2005年真题解析版含答案详解完形阅读翻译写作精讲可打印

绝密★启用前2005年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（科目代码：201）☆考生注意事项☆答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂2B铅笔填涂。考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名英语试题.PAGE英语试题.PAGE1.（14页）Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals,1thisislargelybecause,2weour3toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,4themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact,5,weareextremelysensitiveto67smellsevenwhentheseare8tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,9othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybedonottheto10receptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsendtothebrain.However,ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell12cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen13toitoftenenough.Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatthebrainfindsitreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay16explainwhywearenotusuallyto–wedoto17oftheusualsmellofourownhouse,butwe18newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneThebrainfindsitto19for20thesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.1.[A]although[B]as[C]but[D]while2.[A]above[B]unlike[C]excluding[D]besides3.[A]limited[B]committed[C]dedicated[D]confined4.[A]catching[B]ignoring[C]missing[D]tracking[A]anyway[A]evenif[A]distinguishing[A]diluted[B]though[B]ifonly[B]discovering[B]dissolved[C]instead[C]onlyif[C]determining[C]dispersed[D]therefore[D]asif[D]detecting[D]diffused9.[A]when[B]since[C]for[D]whereas10.[A]unusual[B]particular[C]unique[D]typical11.[A]signs[B]stimuli[C]messages[D]impulses12.[A]atfirst[B]atall[C]atlarge[D]attimes13.[A]subjected[B]left[C]drawn[D]exposed14.[A]ineffective[B]incompetent[C]inefficient[D]insufficient15.[A]introduce[B]summon[C]trigger[D]create16.[A]still[B]also[C]otherwise[D]nevertheless17.[A]sure[B]sick[C]aware[D]tired18.[A]tolerate[B]repel[C]neglect[D]notice19.[A]available[B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]suitable20.[A]similarto[B]suchas[C]alongwith[D]asidefromSectionII ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforBrosnan’sanddeTheresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent.Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicbyposingacontrast.justifyinganassumption.makingacomparison.explainingaphenomenon.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,Paragraphl)impliesthatmonkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals.resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys’nature.monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother.noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyaremoreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget.attentivetoresearchers’instructions.niceinbothappearanceandtemperament.moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions.anddehavefoundintheirstudythattheprefergrapestocucumbers.canbetaughttoexchangethings.willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated.areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.Text2Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknowforsure?Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.Thereareupsettingparallelsasscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,totellusthattheatmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalBruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothereport:“Scienceneverhasalltheanswers.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.”Justasonsmoking,voicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincomplete,thatit’sOKtokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.Thisisadangerousgame:bythetime100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit’sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident’sadvisersstilldon’ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch–aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyanalysis”.serveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearch.Butresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon’ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.AbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofwhichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustry,isapromisingstart.Manyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthatinpeoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife.antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense.AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserveasaprotector.ajudge.acritic.aguide.bybyEndlessstudieskillaction.Carefulinvestigationrevealstruth.Prudentplanninghindersprogress.Extensiveresearchhelpsdecision-making.Offeraidtobuildcleanerpowerplants.Raisepublicawarenessofconservation.Pressforfurtherscientificresearch.somelegislativemeasures.ofoftheybothsufferedfromthegovernment’snegligence.alessonfromthelatterisapplicabletothetheoutcomeofthelatteraggravatesthebothofthemhaveturnedfrombadtoworse.Text3Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight’ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears;bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”–therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind’semotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis“off-line.”Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.“It’syourdream,”saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago’sMedicalCenter.“Ifyoudon’tlikeit,changeit.”EvidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep–whenmostvividdreamsoccur–asitiswhenfullyawake,saysEricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved;thelimbicsystem(the“emotionalbrain”)isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofintellectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet.wakeupfromdreamshappyordepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallsaysStanfordsleepresearcherWilliamDement.ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright’sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon’talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday’sevents–until,itappears,webegintodream.Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead;thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.muchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.Attheendoftheday,there’sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingor“wewakeupinapanic,”Cartwrightsays.Terrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople’sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep–orratherdream–onitandyou’llfeelbetterinthemorning.Researchershavecometobelievethatdreamscanbemodifiedintheircourses.aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges.reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears.arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs.Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshowitsfunctioninourdreams.themechanismofREMsleep.therelationofdreamstoemotions.itsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex.Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendtoaggravateinourunconsciousmind.developintohappydreams.persisttillthetimewefallasleep.showupindreamsearlyatnight.Cartwrightseemstosuggestthatwakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams.visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontrol.dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogression.dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious.towhobadLeadyourlifeasusual.Seekprofessionalhelp.Exerciseconsciouscontrol.anxietyinthedaytime.Text4Americansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbook,DoingOurOwnThing:TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShouldLike,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingbutthisisnotyetanothercriticismagainstthedeclineineducation.McWhorter’sacademicspecialityislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”,forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,“doingourownthing”,hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle,whyweshould,like,care.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive–thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper.Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetryintheirheads,whileItalianpoliticianstendtoelaboratespeechthatwouldseemold-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessary,andproposesnoradicaleducationreforms–heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.nowtakeourEnglish“onpaperplatesinsteadofchina”.Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone.英语试题.PAGE英语试题.PAGE10.（14页）AccordingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformalEnglishisinevitableinradicaleducationreforms.isbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopment.hascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-culture.broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesinthe1960s.Theword“talking”(Line6,Paragraph3)rmality.Logicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewaywetalk.BlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardEnglish.Non-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasentertaining.Ofallthevarieties,standardEnglishcanbestconveyerestintheirlanguage.appreciationoftheirefforts.admirationfortheircontemptfortheirold-fashionedness.Accordingtothelastparagraph,“paperplates”isto“china”as“temporary”isto“permanent”.“radical”isto“conservative”.“functional”isto“artistic”.“humble”isto“noble”.PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)premiers(theleadersofprovincialgovernments),iftheyhaveanybreathleftaftercomplainingaboutOttawaattheirlateJulyannualmeeting,mightspareamomenttodosomething,together,toreducehealth-carecosts.They’reallgroaningaboutsoaringhealthbudgets,thefastest-growingcomponentofwhicharepharmaceuticalcosts.(41) Whattodo?BoththeRomanowcommissionandtheKirbycommitteeonhealthcare–tosaynothingofreportsfromotherexperts–recommendedthecreationofanationaldrugInsteadofeachprovincehavingitsownlistofapproveddrugs,bureaucracy,proceduresandlimitedbargainingpower,allwouldpoolresources,workwithOttawa,andcreateanationalinstitution.(42) But“national”doesn’thavetomeanthat.“National”couldmeaninterprovincial–provincescombiningeffortstocreateoneEitherway,onebenefitofa“national”organizationwouldbetonegotiatebetterprices,ifpossible,withdrugmanufacturers.Insteadofhavingoneprovince–oraseriesofhospitalswithinaprovince–negotiateapriceforagivendrugontheprovinciallist,thenationalagencywouldnegotiateonbehalfofallprovinces.Ratherthan,Quebec,negotiatingonbehalfofsevenmillionpeople,thenationalagencywouldnegotiateonbehalfof31millionpeople.Basiceconomicssuggeststhegreaterthepotentialconsumers,thehigherthelikelihoodofabetterprice.(43) AsmallstephasbeentakeninthedirectionofanationalagencywiththecreationoftheCanadianCo-ordinatingOfficeforHealthTechnologyAssessment,fundedbyOttawaandtheprovinces.Underit,aCommonDrugReviewrecommendstoprovinciallistswhichnewdrugsshouldbeincluded.Predictably,andregrettably,Quebecrefusedtojoin.Afewpremiersaresuspiciousofanyfederal-provincialdeal-making.They(particularlyQuebecandAlberta)justwantOttawatoforkoveradditionalbillionswithfew,ifany,stringsattached.That’sonereasonwhytheideaofanationallisthasn’tgoneanywhere,whiledrugcostskeeprisingfast.(44) PremierslovetoquoteMr.Romanow’sreportselectively,especiallythepartsaboutmorefederalmoney.Perhapstheyshouldreadwhathehadtosayaboutdrugs：“Anationaldrugagencywouldprovidegovernmentsmoreinfluenceonpharmaceuticalcompaniesinordertotrytoconstraintheever-increasingcostofdrugs.”(45) SowhenthepremiersgatherinNiagaraFallstoassembletheirusualcomplaintlist,theyshouldalsogetcrackingaboutsomethingintheirjurisdictionthatwouldhelptheirbudgetsandpatients.resistancetoanationalagencyisprovincialistideology.OneofthefirstadvocatesforanationallistwasaresearcheratLavalUniversity.DrugInsuranceFundhasseenitscostsskyrocketwithannualincreasesfrom14.3percentto26.8percent!OrtheycouldreadKirby’sreport:“Thesubstantialbuyingpowerofsuchanagencywouldstrengthenthepublicprescription-druginsuranceplanstonegotiatethelowestpossiblepurchasepricesfromdrugcompanies.”Whatdoes“national”mean?RoyRomanowandSenatorMichaelKirbyrecommendedafederal-provincialbodymuchliketherecentlycreatedNationalHealthCouncil.Theproblemissimpleandstark:health-carecostshavebeen,are,andwillcontinuetoincreasefasterthangovernmentrevenues.AccordingtotheCanadianInstituteforHealthInformation,prescriptiondrugcostshaverisensince1997attwicetherateofoverallhealth-carespending.Partoftheincreasecomesfromdrugsbeingusedtoreplaceotherkindsoftreatments.Partofitarisesfromnewdrugscostingmorethanolderkinds.Partofitishigherprices.So,iftheprovinceswanttorunthehealth-caretheyshouldprovetheycanrunit,startingwithaninterprovincialhealthlistthatwouldendduplication,saveadministrativecosts,preventoneprovincefrombeingplayedoffagainstanother,andbargainforbetterdrugprices.Ofcourse,thepharmaceuticalcompanieswillscream.Theylikedividedbuyers;theycanlobbybetterthatTheycanusethethreatofremovingjobsfromoneprovincetoanother.Theycanhopethat,ifoneprovinceincludesadrugonitslist,thepressurewillcauseotherstoincludeitontheirs.Theywouldn’tlikeanationalbutself-interestwouldleadthemtodealwithit.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)ItisnoteasytotalkabouttheroleofthemassmediainthisoverwhelminglysignificantphaseinEuropeanhistory.Historyandnewsbecomeconfused,andimpressionstendtobeamixtureofskepticismandoptimism.(46)isoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed–andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasintherecenteventsinEurope.TheEuropethatisnowformingcannotbeanythingotherthanitspeoples,theirculturesandnationalidentities.thisinmindwecanbegintoanalyzetheEuropeantelevisionscene.(47)InEurope,aselsewhere,multi-mediagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessful;groupswhichbringtogethertelevision,radio,newspapers,magazinesandpublishinghousesthatworkinrelationtooneanother.OneItalianexamplewouldbetheBerlusconigroup,whileabroadMaxwellandMurdochcometomind.Clearly,onlythebiggestandmostflexibletelevisioncompaniesaregoingtobeabletocompeteinsucharichandhotly-contestedmarket.(48)Thisalonedemonstratesthatthetelevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurvivein,afactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeantelevisionnetworks,nolessthan50%tookalossin1989.Moreover,theintegrationoftheEuropeancommunitywillobligetelevisioncompaniestocooperatemorecloselyintermsofbothproductionanddistribution.(49)Creatinga“Europeanidentity”thatrespectsthedifferentculturesandtraditionswhichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldContinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice–thatofproducingprogramsinEuropeforEurope.ThisentailsreducingourdependenceontheNorthAmericanmarket,whosetoandareourInordertoachievetheseobjectives,wemustconcentratemoreonco-productions,theexchangeofnews,documentaryservicesandtraining.ThisalsoinvolvestheagreementsbetweenEuropeancountriesforthecreationofaEuropeanbankforProductionwhich,onthemodeloftheEuropeanInvestmentsBank,willhandlethefinancesnecessaryforproductioncosts.(50)Indealingwithachallengeonsuchascale,itisnoexaggerationto“Unitedwestand,dividedwefall”–andifIhadtochooseasloganitwouldbe“Unityinourdiversity.”Aunityofobjectivesthatnonethelessrespectthevariedpeculiaritiesofeachcountry.SectionIII WritingPartADirections:TwomonthsagoyougotajobasaneditorforthemagazineDesigns&Fashions.Butnowyoufindthattheworkisnotwhatyouexpected.Youdecidetoquit.Writealettertoyourboss,Mr.Wang,tellinghimyourdecision,statingyourreason(s),andmakinganapology.Writeyourletterwithnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use“LiMing”instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessayof160–200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshouldfirstdescribethedrawing,theninterpretitsmeaning,andgiveyourcommentonit.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案SectionⅠUseofEnglish1.答案【C】【解析】考查连词。Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals,butthisislargelybecause,unlikeanimals,westandupright中but表转折，先引出常见看法再加以解释。although、as、while均不能构成这一“先退让、后修正”的转折。2.答案【B】【解析】考查介词。unlikeanimals,westandupright意为“与动物不同，人类直立行走”，unlike表对比。above、excluding、besides均不合。3.答案【A】【解析】考查形容词。ournosesarelimitedtoperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair意为“我们的鼻子局限于感知空气中飘浮的气味”。committed、dedicated、confined均不如belimitedto准确（confined需接in/to地点，不合感知对象）。4.答案【C】【解析】考查动词。missingthemajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces意为“错过附着在物体表面的大部分气味”，与limitedto构成对照。catching、ignoring、tracking均与“因直立而感知不到”的机制不符。5.答案【B】【解析】考查逻辑。Infact,though,weareextremelysensitivetosmells意为“然而事实上我们对气味极为敏感”，though作插入语表转折。anyway、instead、therefore均不合。6.答案【A】【解析】考查连词。evenifwedonotgenerallyrealizeit意为“即便我们通常并未意识到”，表让步。ifonly、onlyif、asif均不能构成这一让步状语。7.答案【D】【解析】考查动词。Ournosesarecapableofdetectinghumansmells意为“鼻子能够察觉人的气味”。distinguishing、discovering、determining均不合辨别气味的基本能力表述。8.答案【A】【解析】考查分词。evenwhenthesearedilutedtofarbelowonepartinonemillion意为气味被稀释到百万分之一以下。dissolved、dispersed、diffused均指溶解、散布，不如diluted贴合浓度表述。9.答案【D】【解析】考查连词。somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,whereasothersaresensitivetothesmellsofboth中whereas表对比“而”。when、since、for均不合两种人对照的语义。10.答案【B】【解析】考查形容词。thegenesnecessarytogenerateparticularsmellreceptors意为产生特定的嗅觉受体。unusual、unique、typical均不能准确表达“某一种气味对应的受体”。11.答案【C】【解析】考查名词。sendmessagestothebrain意为向大脑传递信息，为神经科学固定表述。signs、stimuli、impulses虽相关，但send…tothebrain通常与messages搭配。12.答案【A】【解析】考查短语。evenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmellatfirstcansuddenlybecomesensitivetoit中atfirst意为“起初”，与suddenly形成时间对照。atall、atlarge、attimes均不合。13.答案【D】【解析】考查动词。whenexposedtoitoftenenough意为“经常接触该气味时”，beexposedto为固定搭配。subjected、left、drawn均不能与toit构成“接触某种气味”。14.答案【C】【解析】考查形容词。thebrainfindsitinefficienttokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetime意为大脑认为让所有受体一直工作效率不高。ineffective、incompetent、insufficient均不如inefficient贴合“能耗与效益”的考量。15.答案【D】【解析】考查动词。butcancreatenewreceptorsifnecessary意为必要时可生成新的受体。introduce、summon、trigger均不能表达机体的“生成”能力。16.答案【B】【解析】考查副词。Thismayalsoexplainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells意为“这同样可以解释……”，also表并列递进。still、otherwise、nevertheless均不合。17.答案【C】【解析】考查形容词。Wearenotawareoftheusualsmellofourownhouse意为“我们察觉不到自己家中常见的气味”，beawareof为固定搭配。sure、sick、tired均不合。18.答案【D】【解析】考查动词。butwenoticenewsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse’s意为“但到别人家时会注意到新的气味”，与上句“习而不察”构成对照。tolerate、repel、neglect均不合。19.答案【A】【解析】考查形容词。keeps