考研英语二2012年真题解析版含答案详解完形阅读翻译写作精讲可打印

SectionI UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeG.I.JoeasamindlesswarthesymbolofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butnothowitusedtobe.themenandwomenwho1inWorldWarⅡandthepeopletheyliberated,theG.I.wasthe2 mangrownintohero,thepoorfarmkidtornawayfromhishome,theguywho3alltheburdensofbattle,whosleptincoldfoxholes,whowentwithoutthe4offoodandshelter,whostuckitoutanddrovebacktheNazireignofmurder.Thiswasnotavolunteersoldier,notsomeonewellpaid,5anaverageup6thebesttrained,bestequipped,fiercest,mostbrutalenemiesseenincenturies.Hisnameisn’tmuch.G.I.isjustamilitaryabbreviation7GovernmentIssue,anditwasonallofthearticles8tosoldiers.AndJoe?Acommonnameforaguywhonever9ittothetop.JoeBlow,JoePalooka,JoeMagrac...aworkingclassname.TheUnitedStateshas10hadapresidentorvice-presidentorsecretaryofstateJoe.G.I.Joehada11careerfightingGerman,Japanese,andKoreantroops.Heappearsasacharacter,ora12ofAmericanpersonalities,inthe1945movieTheStoryofG.I.Joe,basedonthelastdaysofwarcorrespondentErniePyle.SomeofthesoldiersPyle13portrayedthemselvesinthefilm.Pylewasfamousforcoveringthe14sideofthewar,writingaboutthedirt-snow-and-mudsoldiers,nothowmanymileswere15orwhattownswerecapturedorliberated.Hisreports16the“Willie”cartoonsoffamedStarsandStripesartistBillMaulden.Bohmen17thedirtandexhaustionofwar,the18ofcivilizationthatthesoldierssharedwitheachotherandthecivilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.19Egypt,France,andadozenmorecountries,G.I.JoewasanyAmericansoldier,20themostimportantpersonintheirlives.[A]served [B]performed [C]rebelled [D]betrayed[A]actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal[A]loaded [B]eased [C]removed [D]bore[A]necessities [B]facilities [C]commodities [D]properties[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence[A]for [B]into [C]from [D]against[A]implying [B]meaning [C]symbolizing [D]claiming[A]handedout [B]turnedover [C]broughtback [D]passeddown[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished[A]company [B]community [C]collection [D]colony[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned[A]human [B]military [C]political [D]ethical[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted[A]neglected [B]emphasized [C]avoided [D]admired[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advances[A][B][C]Among [D]Beyond[A]onthecontrary[B]bythismeans [C]fromtheoutset [D]atthatpointSectionII ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents,butinrecentyearsithasbeenparticularlyscorned.Schooldistrictsacrossthecountry,mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified,arerevisingtheirthinkingonthiseducationalritual.Unfortunately,L.A.Unifiedhasproducedaninflexiblepolicywhichmandatesthatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcourses,homeworkmaynolongercountformorethan10%ofastudent’sacademicgrade.Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorchaotichomesmighthaveincompletingtheirhomework.Butthepolicyisunclearandcontradictory.Certainly,nohomeworkshouldbeassignedthatstudentscannotcompleteontheirownorthattheycannotdowithoutexpensiveequipment.Butifthedistrictisessentiallygivingapasstostudentswhodonotdotheirhomeworkbecauseofcomplicatedfamilylives,itisgoingriskilyclosetotheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobeloweredforpoorchildren.Districtadministratorssaythathomeworkwillstillbeapartofschooling;teachersareallowedtoassignasmuchofitastheywant.Butwithhomeworkcountingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscaneasilyskiphalftheirhomeworkandseeverylittledifferenceontheirreportcards.Somestudentsmightdowellonstatetestswithoutcompletingtheirhomework,butwhataboutthestudentswhoperformedwellonthetestsanddidtheirhomework?Itisquitepossiblethatthehomeworkhelped.ratherthanempoweringteacherstofindwhatworksbestfortheaflat,rule.Atthesametime,thepolicyaddressesnoneofthetrulythornyquestionsabouthomework.Ifthedistrictfindshomeworktobeunimportanttoitsstudents’academicachievement,itshouldmovetoreduceoreliminatetheassignments,notmakethemcountforalmostnothing.Conversely,ifhomeworkmatters,itshouldaccountforasignificantportionofthegrade.Meanwhile,thispolicydoesnothingtoensurethatthehomeworkstudentsreceiveismeaningfulorappropriatetotheirageandthesubject,orthatteachersarenotassigningmorethantheyarewillingtoreviewandcorrect.Thehomeworkrulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheschoolboard,whichisresponsibleforsettingeducationalpolicy,looksintothematterandconductspublichearings.ItisnottoolateforL.A.Unifiedtodohomeworkright.ItisimpliedinParagraph1thatnowadayshomework .isreceivingmorecriticismisgainingmorepreferencesisnolongeraneducationalritualisnotrequiredforadvancedcoursesL.A.Unifiedhasmadetheruleabouthomeworkmainlybecausepoorstudents .tendtohavemoderateexpectationsfortheireducationhaveaskedforadifferenteducationalstandardmayhaveproblemsfinishingtheirhomeworkhavevoicedtheircomplaintsabouthomeworkAccordingtoParagraph3,oneproblemwiththepolicyisthatitmay .resultinstudents’indifferencetotheirreportcardsunderminetheauthorityofstatetestsrestrictteachers’powerineducationdiscouragestudentsfromdoinghomeworkAsmentionedinParagraph4,akeyquestionunansweredabouthomeworkiswhether .itshouldbeeliminateditcountsmuchinschoolingitplacesextraburdensonteachersitisimportantforgradesAsuitabletitleforthistextcouldbe .AFaultyApproachtoHomeworkAPolicyforPoorStudentsThornyQuestionsaboutHomeworkInterpretationsofanEducationalPolicyText2Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememberbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour,yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls’lives.Itisnotthatpinkisintrinsicallybad,butitissuchatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneitalsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusesgirls’identitytoappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Lookingaround,Idespairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls’livesandinterests.Girls’attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,itisnot.Childrenwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.What’smore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whennurserycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolisedfemininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominantchildren’smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminherentlyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears.Ihadnotrealisedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.thetoddler.Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren’sbehaviour:wrong.Turnsout,accordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularisedasamarketingtrickbyclothingmanufacturersinthe1930s.Tradepublicationscounselleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreatea“thirdsteppingstone”betweeninfantwearandolderkids’clothes.Itwasonlyafter“toddler”becameacommonshoppers’termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences–orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist.Bysaying“itis…therainbow”(Line3,Para.1),theauthormeanspink_____.cannotexplaingirls’lackofimaginationshouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls’innocenceshouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhoodcannotinfluencegirls’livesandinterestsAccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours?Coloursareencodedingirls’DNA.Blueusedtoberegardedasthecolourforgirls.Whiteispreferredbybabies.Pinkusedtobeaneutralcolourinsymbolisinggenders.Theauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren’spsychologicaldevelopmentwasmuchinfluencedby_____.theobservationofchildren’snaturethemarketingofproductsforchildrenresearchesintochildren’sbehaviourstudiesofchildhoodconsumptionmaylearnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvisedto_.classifyconsumersintosmallergroupsattachequalimportancetodifferentgendersfocusoninfantwearandolderkids’clothescreatesomecommonshoppers’termsItcanbeconcludedthatgirls’attractiontopinkseemstobe___.fullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturersclearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendencymainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmenwellinterpretedbypsychologicalexpertsText3In2010,afederaljudgeshookAmerica’sbiotechindustrytoitscore.CompanieshadwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades–by2005some20%ofhumangeneswerepatented.ButinMarch2010ajudgeruledthatgeneswereunpatentable.Executiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndustryOrganisation(BIO),atradegroup,assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta“preliminarystep”inalongerbattle.OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtoverturnedthepriordecision,rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholdpatentstotwogenesthathelpforecastariskofbreastcancer.ThechiefexecutiveofMyriad,acompanyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpatientsalike.Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine,thecourtswillremainratherTheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotCriticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents:ageneisaproductofnature,soitmaynotbepatented;genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit;andpatents’monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasAgrowingnumberseemtoagree.Lastyearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogenetictests.InOctobertheDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadcase,arguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule“isnolessaproductofnature…thanarecottonfibresthathavebeenseparatedfromcottonseeds.”Despitetheappealsdecision,bigquestionsremainunanswered.Forexample,itisunclearwhetherthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsofindividualgeneswithinit.ThecasemayyetreachtheSupremeCourt.Astheindustryadvances,however,othersuitsmayhaveanevengreaterimpact.CompaniesareunlikelytofilemanymorepatentsforhumanDNAmolecules–mostarealreadypatentedorinthepublicdomain.Firmsarenowstudyinghowgenesinteract,lookingforcorrelationsthatmightbeusedtodeterminethecausesofdiseaseorpredictadrug’sefficacy.Companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor“connectingthedots,”explainsHansSauer,alawyerfortheBIO.Theirsuccessmaybedeterminedbyasuitrelatedtothisissue,broughtbytheMayoClinic,whichtheSupremeCourtwillhearinitsnextterm.TheBIOrecentlyheldaconventionwhichincludedsessionstocoachlawyersontheshiftinglandscapeforpatents.Eachmeetingwaspacked.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1thatthebiotechcompanieswouldlike .genestobepatentabletheBIOtoissueawarningtheirexecutivestobeactivejudgestoruleoutgenepatentingThosewhoareagainstgenepatentsbelievethat .genetictestsarenotreliableonlyman-madeproductsarepatentablepatentsongenesdependmuchoninnovationcourtsshouldrestrictaccesstogenetictestsAccordingtoHansSauer,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor .discoveringgeneinteractionsestablishingdiseasecorrelationsdrawingpicturesofgenesidentifyinghumanDNABysaying“Eachmeetingwaspacked”(Line4,Para.6),theauthormeansthat .thesupremecourtwasauthoritativetheBIOwasapowerfulorganisationgenepatentingwasagreatconcernlawyerswerekeentoattendconventionsGenerallyspeaking,theauthor’sattitudetowardgenepatentingis_____.criticalsupportivescornfulobjectiveText4Thegreatrecessionmaybeover,butthiseraofhighjoblessnessisprobablybeginning.Beforeitends,itwilllikelychangethelifecourseandcharacterofagenerationofyoungadults.Andultimately,itislikelytoreshapeourpolitics,ourculture,andthecharacterofoursocietyforyears.Noonetriesharderthanthejoblesstofindsilverliningsinthisnationaleconomicdisaster.Manysaidthatunemployment,whileextremelypainful,hadimprovedtheminsomeways:theyhadbecomelessmaterialisticandmorefinanciallyprudent;theyweremoreawareofthestrugglesofothers.Inlimitedrespects,perhapstherecessionwillleavesocietybetteroff.Attheveryleast,ithasawokenusfromournationalfeverdreamofeasyrichesandbiggerhouses,andputanecessaryendtoaneraofrecklesspersonalspending.Butforthemostpart,thesebenefitsseemthin,uncertain,andfaroff.InTheMoralConsequencesofEconomicGrowth,theeconomichistorianBenjaminFriedmanarguesthatbothinsideandoutsidetheU.S.,lengthyperiodsofeconomicstagnationordeclinehavealmostalwaysleftsocietymoremean-spiritedandlessinclusive,andhaveusuallystoppedorreversedtheadvanceofrightsandfreedoms.Anti-immigrantsentimenttypicallyincreases,asdoesconflictbetweenracesandclasses.Incomeinequalityusuallyfallsduringarecession,butithasnotshrunkinthisone.Indeed,thisperiodofeconomicweaknessmayreinforceclassdivides,anddecreaseopportunitiestocrossthem–especiallyforyoungpeople.TheresearchofTillWachter,theeconomistatColumbiaUniversity,suggeststhatnotallpeoplegraduatingintoarecessionseetheirlifechancesdimmed:thosewithdegreesfromeliteuniversitiescatchupfairlyquicklytowheretheyotherwisewouldhavebeeniftheyhadgraduatedinbettertimes;itisthemassesbeneaththemthatareleftbehind.IntheInternetage,itisparticularlyeasytoseetheresentmentthathasalwaysbeenhiddenwithinAmericansociety.Moredifficult,inthemoment,isdiscerningpreciselyhowtheseleantimesareaffectingsociety’scharacter.Inmanyrespects,theU.S.wasmoresociallytolerantenteringthisrecessionthanatanytimeinitshistory,andavarietyofnationalpollsonsocialconflictsincethenhaveshownmixedresults.willhavetowaitandseeexactlyhowthesehardtimeswillreshapeoursocialfabric.Buttheycertainlywillreshapeit,andallthemoresothelongertheyextend.Bysaying“tofindsilverlinings”(Line1,Para.2)theauthorsuggeststhatthejoblesstryto .seeksubsidiesfromthegovernmentmakeprofitsfromthetroubledeconomyexplorereasonsfortheunemploymentlookonthebrightsideoftherecessionAccordingtoParagraph2,therecessionhasmadepeople_____.struggleagainsteachotherrealizethenationaldreamchallengetheirprudencereconsidertheirlifestyleBenjaminFriedmanbelievesthateconomicrecessionsmay_____.imposeaheavierburdenonimmigrantsbringoutmoreevilsofhumannaturepromotetheadvanceofrightsandfreedomseaseconflictsbetweenracesandclassesTheresearchofsuggeststhatintherecessiongraduatesfromeliteuniversitiestendto .lagbehindtheothersduetodecreasedopportunitiescatchupquicklywithexperiencedemployeesseetheirlifechancesasdimmedastheothers’recovermorequicklythantheothersTheauthorthinksthattheinfluenceofhardtimesonsocietyis_____.trivialpositivecertaindestructivePartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtheleftcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)“Universalhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplishedinthisworld,isatbottomtheHistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere,”wrotetheVictoriansageThomasCarlyle.notanymoreitisnot.Suddenly,Britainlookstohavefallenoutwithitsfavoritehistoricalform.Thiscouldbenomorethanapassingliterarycraze,butitalsopointstoabroadertruthabouthowwenowapproachthepast:lessconcernedwithlearningfromourforefathersandmoreinterestedinfeelingtheirpain.wewantnotinspiration.FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance,thewritingofhistorymeantrecountingtheexemplarylivesofgreatmen.In1337,PetrarchbeganworkonhisramblingwritingDeVirisIllustribus–OnFamousMen,highlightingthevirtus(orvirtue)ofclassicalheroes.Petrarchcelebratedtheirgreatnessinconqueringfortuneandrisingtothetop.ThiswasthebiographicaltraditionwhichNiccolòMachiavelliturnedonitshead.InThePrince,hechampionedcunning,ruthlessness,andboldness,ratherthanvirtue,mercyandjustice,astheskillsofsuccessfulleaders.Overtime,theattributesofgreatnessshifted.TheRomanticscommemoratedtheleadingpaintersandauthorsoftheirday,stressingtheuniquenessoftheartist’spersonalexperienceratherthanpublicglory.Bycontrast,theVictorianauthorSamuelSmileswroteSelf-Helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesofengineers,industrialistsandexplorers.“Thevaluableexampleswhichtheyfurnishofthepowerofself-help,ofpatientpurpose,resoluteworking,andsteadfastintegrity,issuingintheformationoftrulynobleandmanlycharacter,exhibit,”wroteSmiles,“whatitisinthepowerofeachtoaccomplishforhimself.”HisbiographiesofJamesRichardArkwrightandJosiahWedgwoodwereheldupasbeaconstoguidetheworkingmanthroughhisdifficultlife.ThiswasallabitbourgeoisforThomasCarlyle,whofocusedhisbiographiesonthetrulyheroiclivesofMartinLuther,OliverCromwellandNapoleonBonaparte.Theseepochalfiguresrepresentedliveshardtoimitate,buttobeacknowledgedaspossessinghigherauthoritythanmeremortals.Noteveryonewasconvincedbysuchbombast.“Thehistoryofallhithertoexistingsocietyisthehistoryofclassstruggles,”wroteMarxandEngelsinTheCommunistManifesto.Forthem,historydidnothing,itpossessednoimmensewealthnorwagedbattles:“Itisman,real,livingmanwhodoesallthat.”Andhistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle,Assuch,itneededtoappreciatetheeconomicrealities,thesocialcontextsandpowerrelationsinwhicheachepochstood.For:“Menmaketheirownhistory,buttheydonotmakeitjustastheyplease;theydonotmakeitundercircumstanceschosenbythemselves,butundercircumstancesdirectlyfound,givenandtransmittedfromthepast.”Thiswasthetraditionwhichrevolutionisedourappreciationofthepast.InplaceofThomasCarlyle,BritainnurturedChristopherHill,EPThompsonandEricHobsbawm.Historyfrombelowstoodalongsidebiographiesofgreatmen.Wholenewrealmsofunderstanding–fromgendertoracetoculturalstudies–wereopenedupasscholarsunpickedthemultiplicityoflostsocieties.Andittransformedpublichistorytoo:downstairsbecamejustasfascinatingasupstairs.[A]emphasizedthevirtueofclassicalheroes.41.Petrarch[B]highlightedthepublicgloryoftheleadingartists.42.NiccolòMachiavelli[C]focusedonepochalfigureswhoseliveswerehardtoimitate.43.SamuelSmiles[D]openedupnewrealmsofunderstandingthegreatmeninhistory.44.ThomasCarlyle[E]heldthathistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle.45.MarxandEngels[F]dismissedvirtueasunnecessaryforsuccessfulleaders.[G] depictedtheworthylivesofengineers,industrialistsandexplorers.Directions:

SectionIII TranslationTranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration,theyareusuallyconcernedattheprospectoftheirbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconortohospitalsanduniversitiesinthedevelopedworld.ThesearethekindofworkersthatcountrieslikeBritain,CanadaandAustraliatrytoattractbyusingimmigrationrulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates.Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelopingcountriesareparticularlylikelytoemigrate.AbigsurveyofIndianhouseholdsin2004foundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethanahigh-schooleducation,comparedwitharound3.3%ofallIndiansovertheage25.This“braindrain”haslongbotheredpolicymakersinpoorcountries.Theyfearthatithurtstheireconomies,deprivingthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhavetaughtattheiruniversities,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernewproductsfortheirfactoriestomake.SectionIV WritingPartADirections:Supposeyouhavefoundsomethingwrongwiththeelectronicdictionarythatyouboughtfromanonlinestoretheotherday.Writeanemailtothecustomerservicecentertomakeacomplaint,anddemandapromptsolution.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“ZhangWei”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingtable.Inyourwriting,youshoulddescribethetable,andgiveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)某公司员工工作满意度调查满意度年龄组满意不清楚不满意≤40岁16.7％50.0％33.3％41~50岁0.0％36.0％64.0％＞50岁40.0％50.0％10.0％2012年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题参考答案与解析1.答案【A】【解析】Tothemenandwomenwho___inWorldWarⅡ指“在二战中服役”的人，served正确；performed表演、rebelled反叛、betrayed背叛均不合。2.答案【B】【解析】theG.I.wasthe___mangrownintohero与后文thepoorfarmkidtornawayfromhishome并列，强调“普通人”成长为英雄，common正确；actual实际、special特殊、normal常态均不如common（普通）贴合。3.答案【D】【解析】theguywho___alltheburdensofbattle指“承担”全部战斗重负，bore正确（bear的过去式）；loaded装载、eased减轻、removed移除都与“承受负担”相反。4.答案【A】【解析】whowentwithoutthe___offoodandshelter指缺少“生活必需品”，necessities正确；facilities设施、commodities商品、properties财产均不如necessities与foodandshelter呼应。5.答案【C】【解析】Thiswasnotavolunteersoldier,notsomeonewellpaid,___anaverageguy与前两个否定构成“不是……不是……而是……”，but正确；and、nor、hence都不合该结构。6.答案【D】【解析】anaverageguy,up___thebesttrained,bestequipped,fiercestenemies为固定搭配upagainst（面对、对抗），against正确；for、into、from都不构成该搭配。7.答案【B】【解析】G.I.isjustamilitaryabbreviation___GovernmentIssue指该缩写“意为”GovernmentIssue，meaning正确；implying暗示、symbolizing象征、claiming声称均不合。8.答案【A】【解析】itwasonallofthearticles___tosoldiers指“发放给”士兵的物品，handedout正确；turnedover移交、broughtback带回、passeddown传承均不合。9.答案【C】【解析】Acommonnameforaguywhonever___ittothetop为固定表达makeittothetop（取得成功、出人头地），made正确；pushed、got（getittothetop搭配不当）、managed均不合。10.答案【B】【解析】TheUnitedStateshas___hadapresidentorvice-presidentorsecretaryofstateJoe强调从未有过名为Joe的高官，never正确；ever、either、neither都不合否定强调。11.答案【D】【解析】G.I.Joehada___careerfightingGerman,Japanese,andKoreantroops指其经历“卓著、非凡”，distinguished正确；disguised伪装的、disturbed受扰的、disputed有争议的均不合。12.答案【C】【解析】Heappearsasacharacter,ora___ofAmericanpersonalities指“一类美国人性格的集合”，collection正确；company公司、community社区、colony殖民地均不合。13.答案【C】【解析】SomeofthesoldiersPyle___portrayedthemselvesinthefilm指Pyle“采访”过的士兵，interviewed正确；employed雇用、appointed任命、questioned质问均不如interviewed与战地记者身份相符。14.答案【A】【解析】Pylewasfamousforcoveringthe___sideofthewar后文写泥土、雪、泥浆中的士兵，即“人性的一面”，human正确；military军事、political政治、ethical伦理都不如human与前文“不是多少英里”形成对照。15.答案【D】【解析】nothowmanymileswere___指“推进了多少英里”，gained正确；ruined毁坏、commuted通勤、patrolled巡逻均不合战况语境。16.答案【A】【解析】Hisreports___the“Willie”cartoons指其报道与漫画“相呼应、相平行”，paralleled正确；counteracted抵消、duplicated复制、contradicted矛盾均不合。17.答案【B】【解析】Bothmen___thedirtandexhaustionofwar指两人都“强调”战争的肮脏与疲惫，emphasized正确；neglected忽视、avoided回避、admired赞赏均不合。18.答案【C】【解析】the___ofcivilizationthatthesoldierssharedwitheachother后文咖啡、烟草、威士忌等为文明的“碎片”，fragments正确；stages阶段、illusions幻象、advances进步均不合。19.答案【B】【解析】___Egypt,France,andadozenmorecountries,G.I.JoewasanyAmericansoldier表示“在……眼中”，To正确；With、Among、Beyond都不如Tosb表“对某人而言”。20.答案【D】【解析】G.I.JoewasanyAmericansoldier,___themostimportantpersonintheirlives指“在那一点上、就那里的人而言”，atthatpoint正确；onthecontrary相反、bythismeans借此、fromtheoutset从一开始均不合。21.答案【A】【解析】首段说inrecentyearsit[homework]hasbeenparticularlyscorned，即作业近年来受到更多批评，isreceivingmorecriticism正确；B更受欢迎、C不再是教育仪式（原文说仍在修订对这一仪式看法）、D高级课程不需要作业（原文是“除某些高级课程外”，恰好相反）均不符。22.答案【C】【解析】第二段说Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorchaotichomesmighthaveincompletingtheirhomework，即贫困学生完成作业有困难，mayhaveproblemsfinishingtheirhomework正确；A期望适中、B要求不同标准、D表达抱怨均不符。23.答案【D】【解析】第三段说withhomeworkcountingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscaneasilyskiphalftheirhomework，即政策会削弱学生做作业的积极性，discouragestudentsf