考研英语二2020年真题解析版含答案详解完形阅读翻译写作精讲可打印

年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

英语（二）试题SectionI UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Beingagoodparentis,ofcourse,whateveryparentwouldliketobe.Butdefiningwhatitmeanstobeagoodparentisundoubtedlyvery1,particularlysincechildrenresponddifferentlytothesamestyleofparenting.Acalm,rule-followingchildmightrespondbettertoadifferentsortofparentingthan,2,ayoungersibling.3,there’sanothersortofparentthat’sabiteasierto4:apatientparent.You’reonlyhuman,andsometimesyourkidscan8youjustalittletoofar.Andthenthe9 happens:Youloseyourpatienceandeitherscreamatyourkidsorsaysomethingthatwasabittoo10anddoesnobodyanygood.Youwishthatyoucould11theclockandstartover,We’veallbeenthere.12,eventhoughit’scommon,it’simportanttokeepinmindthatinasinglemomentoffatigue,youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumay13foralongtime.Thismaynotonlydodamagetoyourrelationshipwithyourchildbutalso14yourchild’sself-esteem.Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour15withyourkids,thenyouareinadvertentlymodelingalackofemotionalcontrolforyourkids.Weareallbecomingincreasinglyawareofthe16ofmodelingtoleranceandpatiencefortheyoungergeneration.Thisisaskillthatwillhelpthemallthroughoutlife.Infact,theabilitytoemotionallyregulateormaintainemotionalcontrolwhen17bystressisoneofthemostimportantofalllife’sskills.Certainly,it’sincredibly18tomaintainpatienceatalltimeswithyourchildren.Amorepracticalgoalistotry,tothebestofyourability,tobeastolerantandcomposedasyoucanwhenfacedwith19situationsinvolvingyourchildren.Icanpromiseyouthis:Asaresultofworkingtowardthisgoal.youandyourchildrenwillbenefitand20fromstressfulmomentsfeelingbetterphysicallyandemotionally.1.[A]tedious[B]pleasant[C]instructive[D]tricky2.[A]inaddition[B]forexample[C]atonce[D]byaccident3.[A]Fortunately[B]Occasionally[C]Accordingly[D]Eventually4.[A]amuse[B]assist[C]describe[D]train5.[A]while[B]because[C]unless[D]once6.[A]answer[B]task[C]choice[D]access7.[A]tolerant[B]formal[C]rigid[D]critical8.[A]move[B]drag[C]push[D]send9.[A]mysterious[B]illogical[C]suspicious[D]inevitable10.[A]boring[B]naive[C]harsh[D]vague11.[A]turnback[B]takeapart[C]setaside[D]coverup12.[A]Overall[B]Instead[C]However[D]Otherwise13.[A]like[B]miss[C]believe[D]regret14.[A]raise[B]affect[C]justify[D]reflect15.[A]time[B]bond[C]race[D]cool16.[A]nature[B]secret[C]importance[D]context17.[A]cheated[B]defeated[C]confused[D]confronted18.[A]terrible[B]hard[C]strange[D]wrong19.[A]trying[B]changing[C]exciting[D]surprising20.[A]hide[B]emerge[C]withdraw[D]escapeSectionII ReadingComprehensionPartADirectios:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyattunedtosocialsignalsfromotherssotheycanidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthisextendstonon-livingbeings,LalehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsfromroboticrats.Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat—onesocialandoneasocial—forfourdays.Therobotratswerequiteminimalist,resemblingachunkierversionofacomputermousewithwheelstomovearoundandcolourfulmarkings.Duringtheexperiment,thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,playedwiththesametoys,andopenedcagedoorstolettrappedratsescape.Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetoside.Next,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratstheopportunitytoreleasethembypressingalever.Across18trialseach,thelivingratswere52percentmorelikelyonaveragetosetthesocialrobotfreethantheasocialone.Thissuggeststhattheratsperceivedthesocialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing,saysQuinn.Theratsmayhavebondedmorewiththesocialrobotbecauseitdisplayedbehaviorslikecommunalexploringandplaying.Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,shesays.“Ratshavebeenshowntoengageinmultipleformsofreciprocalhelpandcooperation,includingwhatisreferredtoasdirectreciprocitywherearatwillhelpanotherratthathaspreviouslyhelpedthem,”saysQuinn.Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenitsminimaldesign.Therobotwasthesamesizeasaregularratbutresembledasimpleplasticboxonwheels.“We’dassumedwe’dhavetogiveitamovingheadandtail,facialfeatures,andputascentonittomakeitsmelllikearealrat,butthatwasn’tnecessary,”saysJanetWilesattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,whohelpedwiththeresearch.Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialcues,evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots.saysWiles.Similarly,childrentendtotreatrobotsasiftheyarefellowbeings,evenwhentheydisplayonlysimplesocialsignals.“Wehumansseemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,”saysWiles.

Quinnandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifratscan .pickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingratsdistinguishafriendlyratfromahostileoneattainsociabletraitsthroughspecialtrainingsendoutwarningmessagestotheirfellowsWhatdidtheasocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment?Itfollowedthesocialrobot.Itplayedwithsometoys.Itsetthetrappedratsfree.Itmovedaroundalone.AccordingtoQuinn,theratsreleasedthesocialrobotbecausethey .[A]triedtopracticeameansofescape.[B]expectedittodothesameinreturn.[C]wantedtodisplaytheirintelligence.[D]consideredthataninterestinggame.JanetWilesnotesthatrats . [A]canrememberotherrats’facialfeatures.[B]differentiatesmellsbetterthansizes.[C]respondmoretoactionsthantolooks.[D]canbescaredbyaplasticboxonwheels.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatrats .appeartobeadaptabletonewsurroundingsaremoresociallyactivethanotheranimalsbehavedifferentlyfromchildreninsocializingaremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected

Text2ItistruethatCEOpayhasgoneup—toponesmaymake300timesthepayoftypicalworkersonaverage,andsincethemid-1970s,CEOpayforlargepubliclytradedAmericancorporationshas,byvaryingestimates,goneupbyabout500%.ThetypicalCEOofatopAmericancorporationnowmakesabout$18.9millionayear.ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpayisthatoflimitedCEOtalentinaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly.TheeffortsofAmerica’shighest-earning1%havebeenoneofthemoredynamicelementsoftheglobaleconomy.It’snotpopulartosay.butonereasontheirpayhasgoneupsomuchisthatCEOsreallyhaveuppedtheirgamerelativetomanyotherworkersintheU.S.economy.Today’sCEO,atleastformajorAmericanfirms,musthavemanymereskillsthansimplybeingableto“runthecompany.”CEOsmusthaveagoodsenseoffinancialmarketsandmaybeevenhowthecompanyshouldtradeinthem.Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors,asthecostsofevenaminorslipupcanbesignificant.Thenthere’sthefactthatlargeAmericancompaniesaremuchmoreglobalizedthaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspreadacrossalargernumberofcountries.Toleadinthatsystemrequiresknowledgethatisfairlymind-boggling.Plus,virtuallyallmajorAmericancompaniesarebecomingtechcompanies,onewayoranother.Beyondthis,majorCEOsstillhavetodoalltheday-to-dayworktheyhavealwaysdone.ThecommonideathathighCEOpayismainlyaboutrippingpeopleoffdoesn’texplainhistoryverywell.Bymostmeasures,corporategovernancehasbecomealottighterandmorerigoroussincethe1970s.YetitisprincipallyduringthisperiodofstrongergovernancethatCEOpayhasbeenhighandrising.Thatsuggestsitisinthebroadercorporateinteresttorecruittopcandidatesforincreasinglytoughjobs.Furthermore,thehighestCEOsalariesarepaidtooutsidecandidates,nottothecozyinsiderpicks,anothersignthathighCEOpayisnotsomekindofdepredationattheexpenseoftherestofthecompany.AndthestockmarketreactspositivelywhencompaniestieCEOpayto,say,stockprices,asignthatthosepracticesbuildupcorporatevaluenotjustfortheCEO.WhichofthefollowinghascontributedtoCEOpayrise?Thegrowthinthenumberofcorporations.Thegeneralpayrisewithabettereconomy.Increasedbusinessopportunitiesfortopfirms.Closecooperationamongleadingeconomies.Comparedwiththeirpredecessors,today’sCEOsarerequiredto .fosterastrongersenseofteamworkfinancemoreresearchanddevelopmentestablishclosertieswithtechcompaniesoperatemoreglobalizedcompaniesCEOpayhasbeenrisingsincethe1970sdespite . .continualinternaloppositionstrictcorporategovernanceconservativebusinessstrategiesrepeatedgovernmentwarningsHighCEOpaycanbejustifiedbythefactthatithelps .confirmthestatusofCEOsmotiveinsidecandidatesboosttheefficiencyofCEOsincreasecorporatevalueThemostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe .CEOsAreNotOverpaidCEOPay:PastandPresentCEOs’ChallengesofTodayCEOTraits:NotEasytoDefineText3MadridwashailedasapublichealthbeaconlastNovemberwhenitrolledoutambitiousrestrictionsonthemostpollutingcars.Sevenmonthsandoneelectiondaylater,anewconservativecitycouncilsuspendedenforcementofthecleanairzone,afirststeptowarditspossibledemise.MayorJoséLuisMartinez-Almeidamadeoppositiontothezoneacentrepieceofhiselectioncampaign,despiteitssuccessinimprovingairquality.Ajudgehasnowoverruledthecity’sdecisiontostoplevyingfines,orderingthemreinstated.Butwithlegalbattlesahead,thezone’sfuturelooksuncertainatbest.Amongotherweaknesses,themeasurescitiesmustemploywhenlefttotackledirtyairontheirownarepoliticallycontentious,andthereforevulnerable.That’sbecausetheyinevitablyputthecostsofcleaningtheairontoindividualdrivers—whomustpayfeesorbuybettervehicles—ratherthanontothecarmanufacturerswhosecheatingistherealcauseofourtoxicpollution.It’snothardtoimagineasimilarreversalhappeninginLondon.Thenewultra-lowemissionzone(Ulez)islikelytobeabigissueinnextyear'smayoralelection.AndifSadiqkhanwinsandextendsittotheNorthandSouthCircularroadsin2021asheintends,itissuretosparkintenseoppositionfromthefarlargernumberofmotoristswhowillthenbeaffected.It'snotthatmeasuressuchasLondon’sUlezareuseless.Farfromit.Localofficialsareusingtheleversthatareavailabletothemtosafeguardresidents’healthinthefaceofaseriousthreat.Thezonesdodeliversomeimprovementstoairquality,andthesciencetellsusthatmeansrealhealthbenefits—fewerheartattacks,strokesandprematurebirths,lesscancer,dementiaandasthma.Feweruntimelydeaths.Butmayorsandcouncilorscanonlydosomuchaboutaproblemthatisfarbiggerthananyonecityortown.Theyareactingbecausenationalgovernments—Britain’sandothersacrossEurope—havefailedtodoso.Restrictionsthatkeephighlypollutingcarsoutofcertainareas—citycentres,“schoolstreets”,evenindividualroads—arearesponsetotheabsenceofalargerefforttoproperlyenforceexistingregulationsandrequireautocompaniestobringtheirvehiclesintocompliance.Waleshasintroducedspeciallowspeedlimitstominimisepollution.We’redoingeverythingbutinsistthatmanufacturerscleanuptheircars.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMadrid’scleanairzone?Itseffectsarequestionable.Ithasbeenopposedbyajudge.Itneedstougherenforcement.Itsfateisyettobedecided.Whichisconsideredaweaknessofthecity-levelmeasurestotackledirtyair?Theyarebiasedagainstcarmanufacturers.Theyproveimpracticalforcitycouncils.Theyaredeemedtoomildforpoliticians.Theyputtoomuchburdenonindividualmotorists.TheauthorbelievesthattheextensionofLondon’sUlezwill .arousestrongresistanceensureKhan’selectoralsuccessimprovethecity’strafficdiscouragecarmanufacturingWhodoestheauthorthinkshouldhaveaddressedtheproblem?Localresidents.Mayors.Councilors.Nationalgovernments.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatautocompanies .willraiselow-emissioncarproductionshouldbeforcedtofollowregulationswillupgradethedesignoftheirvehiclesshouldbeputunderpublicsupervisionText4NowthatmembersofGenerationZaregraduatingcollegethisspring—themostcommonly-accepteddefinitionsaysthisgenerationwasbornafter1995,giveortakeayear—theattentionhasbeenrisingsteadilyinrecentweeks.GenZsareabouttohitthestreetslookingforworkinalabormarketthat’stighterthanit'sbeenindecades.Andemployersareplanningonhiringabout17percentmorenewgraduatesforjobsintheU.S.thisyearthanlast,accordingtoasurveyconductedbytheNationalAssociationofCollegesandEmployers.Everybodywantstoknowhowthepeoplewhowillsooninhabitthoseemptyofficecubicleswilldifferfromthosewhocamebeforethem.If“entitled”isthemostcommonadjective,fairlyornot,appliedtomillennials(thosebornbetween1981and1995),thecatchwordsforGenerationZarepracticalandcautious.Accordingtothecareercounselorsandexpertswhostudythem,GenerationZsareclear-eyed,economicpragmatists.Despitegraduatingintothebesteconomyinthepast50years,GenZsknowwhataneconomictrainwrecklookslike.Theywereimpressionablekidsduringthecrashof2008,whenmanyoftheirparentslosttheirjobsortheirlifesavingsorboth.Theyaren'tinterestedintakinganychances.Theboomingeconomyseemstohavedonelittletoassuagethisunderlyinggenerationalsenseofanxiousurgency,especiallyforthosewhohavecollegedebt.CollegeloanbalancesintheU.S.nowstandatarecord$1.5trillion,accordingtotheFederalReserve.OnesurveyfromAccenturefoundthat88percentofgraduatingseniorsthisyearchosetheirmajorwithajobinmind.Ina2019surveyofUniversityofGeorgiastudents,meanwhile,thecareerofficefoundthemostdesirabletraitinafutureemployerwastheabilitytooffersecureemployment(followedbyprofessionaldevelopmentandtraining,andtheninspiringpurpose).Jobsecurityorstabilitywasthesecondmostimportantcareergoal(work-lifebalancewasnumberone),followedbyasenseofbeingdedicatedtoacauseortofeelgoodaboutservingthegreatergood.That’sabigchangefromthepreviousgeneration.“Millennialswantedmoreflexibilityintheirlives,”notesTanyaMichelsen,AssociateDirectorofYouthSight,aUK-basedbrandmanagerthatconductsregular60-daysurveysofBritishyouth,infindingsthatmightjustaswellapplytoAmericanyouth.“GenerationZsarelookingformorecertaintyandstability,becauseoftheriseofthegigeconomy.Theyhavetroublesseeingafinancialfutureandtheyarequiteriskaverse.”GenerationZsgraduatingcollegethisspring .arerecognizedfortheirabilitiesareoptimisticaboutthelabormarketareinfavorofofficejoboffersaredrawinggrowingpublicattentionGenerationZsarekeenlyaware .whattheirparentsexpectofthemhowvaluableacounselor’sadviceiswhatatougheconomicsituationislikehowtheydifferfrompastgenerationsTheword“assuage”(line9,para.2)isclosestinmeaningto .deependefinemaintainrelieveItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatGenerationZs .[A]givetopprioritytoprofessionaltraininghaveaclearideaabouttheirfuturejobcarelittleabouttheirjobperformancethinkithardtoachievework-lifebalanceMichelsenthinksthatcomparedwithmillennials,GenerationZsare .[A]lessrealistic[B]lessadventurous[C]morediligent[D]moregenerousPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Givecompliments,justnottoomanyPutonagoodface,alwaysTailoryourinteractionsSpendtimewitheveryoneReveal,don’thide,informationSlowdownandlistenPutyourselvesinothers’shoesFiveWaystoWinOverEveryoneintheOfficeIsitpossibletolikeeveryoneinyouroffice?Thinkabouthowtoughitistogettogether15people,muchless50,whoallgetalongperfectly.Butunlikeinfriendships,youneedcoworkers.Youworkwiththemeveryday,andyoudependonthemjustastheydependonyou.Herearesomewaysthatyoucangetthewholeofficeonyourside.41. Ifyouhaveabonetopickwithsomeoneinyourworkplace,youmaytrytostaytight-lippedaroundthem.Butyouwon’tbehelpingeitheroneofyou.AHarvardBusinessSchoolstudyfoundthatobserversconsistentlyratedthosewhowereupfrontaboutthemselvesmorehighly,whilethosewhohidlosttrustworthiness.Thelessonisnotthatyoushouldmakeyourpersonallifeanopenbook,butrather,whengiventheoptiontoofferupdetailsaboutyourselforstudiouslystashthemaway,youshouldjustbehonest.42. Justasimportantasbeinghonestaboutyourselfisbeingreceptivetoothers.Weoftenfeeltheneedtotellothershowwefeel,whetherit'saconcernaboutaproject,astraythought,oracompliment.Thoseareallvalid,butyouneedtotaketimetohearoutyourcoworkers,too.Infact,rushingtogetyourownideasouttherecancausecolleaguestofeelyoudon’tvaluetheiropinions.Doyourbesttoengagecoworkersinagenuine,back-and-forthconversation,ratherthanprioritizingyourownthoughts.43. It'scommontohavea“cubiclemate”orspecialconfidantinaworksetting.Butinadditiontothosetrustedcoworkers,youshouldexpandyourhorizonsandfindoutaboutallthepeoplearoundyou.Useyourlunchandcoffeebreakstomeetupwithcolleaguesyoudon’talwayssee.Findoutabouttheirlivesandinterestsbeyondthejob.Itrequiresminimaleffortandgoesalongway.Thiswillhelptogrowyourinternalnetwork,inadditiontobeinganicebreakintheworkday.44. Positivefeedbackisimportantforanyonetohear.Andyoudon’thavetobesomeone’sbosstotellthemtheydidanexceptionaljobonaparticularproject.Thiswillhelpengendergoodwillinothers.Butdon'toverdoitorbefakeaboutit.Onestudyfoundthatpeoplerespondedbesttocommentsthatshiftedfromnegativetopositive,possiblybecauseitsuggestedtheyhadwonsomebodyover.45. Thisonemaybeabitmoredifficulttopulloff,butitcangoalongwaytoachievingresults.Rememberindealingwithanycoworkerwhattheyappreciatefromaninteraction.Watchoutforhowtheyverbalizewithothers.Somepeoplelikesmalltalkinameetingbeforediggingintoimportantmatters,whileothersaremorestraightforward.Jokesthatworkononepersonwon’tnecessarilylandwithanother.So,adaptyourstyleaccordinglytotype.Considerthepersonthatyou’redealingwithinadvanceandwhatwillgetyoutoyourdesiredoutcome.SectionIII TranslationDirectionsTranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)It'salmostimpossibletogothroughlifewithoutexperiencingsomekindoffailure.But,thewonderfulthingaboutfailureisthatit'sentirelyuptoustodecidehowtolookatit.Failurecanalsoteachusthingsaboutourselvesthatwewouldneverhavelearnedotherwise.Forinstance,failurecanhelpyoudiscoverhowstrongapersonyouare.Failingatsomethingcanhelpyoudiscoveryourtruestfriends,orhelpyoufindunexpectedmotivationtosucceed.SectionIV WritingPartADirections:Supposeyouareplanningatourofahistoricalsiteforagroupofinternationalstudents.Writeanemailtotellthemaboutthesite,and2)givethemsometipsforthetour.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownname,use“LiMing”instead.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshouldinterpretthechart,andgiveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题参考答案与解析1.答案【D】【解析】definingwhatitmeanstobeagoodparentisundoubtedlyvery___后文particularlysincechildrenresponddifferently说明“难以界定”，tricky（棘手的）正确；tedious乏味、pleasant愉快、instructive有教益都不表“难”。2.答案【B】【解析】Acalm,rule-followingchildmightrespondbettertoadifferentsortofparentingthan,___,ayoungersibling用插入语举例比较对象，forexample正确；inaddition此外、atonce立刻、byaccident偶然都不引出例证。3.答案【A】【解析】上一段说界定好父母很难，本段引出“patientparent”这一较易描述的类型，语气为转折性的庆幸，Fortunately正确；Occasionally偶尔、Accordingly因此、Eventually最终都不合。4.答案【C】【解析】there'sanothersortofparentthat'sabiteasierto___:apatientparent冒号后给出定义，说明这类父母更易“描述”，describe正确；amuse逗乐、assist帮助、train训练都不与新类型并列。5.答案【A】【解析】___everyparentwouldliketobepatient,thisisnoeasytask前为让步、后为转折，while（虽然）正确；because因为、unless除非、once一旦都会破坏让步结构。6.答案【B】【解析】thisisnoeasy___回指“保持耐心”这件事，为固定表达noeasytask，task正确；answer答案、choice选择、access途径都不合。7.答案【A】【解析】unabletomaintaina___andcomposedstylewiththeirkids与composed并列，描写理想育儿状态，tolerant（宽容的）与全文“耐心、容忍”主题一致；formal正式、rigid僵化、critical挑剔均不合。8.答案【C】【解析】sometimesyourkidscan___youjustalittletoofar指孩子把父母“逼”到极限，push与pushsbtoofar固定搭配；move移动、drag拖、send送都不合。9.答案【D】【解析】Andthenthe___happens:Youloseyourpatience指“不可避免”地发生，inevitable正确；mysterious神秘、illogical不合逻辑、suspicious可疑均不合。10.答案【C】【解析】saysomethingthatwasabittoo___anddoesnobodyanygood指话“伤人”，harsh（刺耳的、严厉的）正确；boring乏味、naive幼稚、vague含糊都不与doesnobodyanygood呼应。11.答案【A】【解析】Youwishthatyoucould___theclockandstartover指“让时光倒流”，turnbacktheclock为固定表达；takeapart拆开、setaside搁置、coverup掩盖均不合。12.答案【C】【解析】___,eventhoughit'scommon,it'simportanttokeepinmind表示转折并强调，However正确；Overall总体、Instead反而、Otherwise否则都不合。13.答案【D】【解析】youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumay___foralongtime指日后“后悔”，regret正确；like喜欢、miss想念、believe相信均与伤害语境相反。14.答案【B】【解析】notonlydodamagetoyourrelationshipbutalso___yourchild'sself-esteem与dodamage并列，指“损害”自尊，affect正确；raise提高、justify证明正当、reflect反映都不合。15.答案【D】【解析】Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour___withyourkids为固定表达loseone'scool（发火），cool正确；time时间、bond纽带、race竞赛均不构成该习语。16.答案【C】【解析】awareofthe___ofmodelingtoleranceandpatiencefortheyoungergeneration后文说这是终身受用的技能，说明其“重要性”，importance正确；nature本质、secret秘密、context语境都不如“重要性”贴切。17.答案【D】【解析】theabilitytoemotionallyregulate...when___bystress指“面对压力时”，confronted与by搭配表示“面临”；cheated欺骗、defeated击败、confused迷惑都不如confrontedbystress自然。18.答案【B】【解析】it'sincredibly___tomaintainpatienceatalltimeswithyourchildren与后文Amorepracticalgoal对照，说明全时保持耐心“极难”，hard正确；terrible可怕、strange奇怪、wrong错误都不合。19.答案【A】【解析】whenfacedwith___situationsinvolvingyourchildren指“令人难受、考验人”的处境，trying（难对付的）正确；changing变化、exciting令人兴奋、surprising令人惊讶都不如trying贴合“考验耐心”。20.答案【B】【解析】willbenefitand___fromstressfulmomentsfeelingbetterphysicallyandemotionally指从压力情境中“走出”后感觉更好，emerge正确；hide躲藏、withdraw撤退、escape逃离都不与feelingbetter构成“出来时状态更好”之意。21.答案【A】【解析】首段明确testedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsfromroboticrats，即为验证老鼠能否从“非生命体”获取社交信号，pickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingrats正确；B、C、D均非实验目的。22.答案【D】【解析】第二段theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetoside，即只是独自来回移动，Itmovedaroundalone正确；A、B、C都是“socialrobot”的行为。23.答案【B】【解析】第三段Quinn说老鼠可能因社交机器人有过共同探索、玩耍而与其建立联系，并wantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped，即期待回报，expectedittodothesameinreturn正确；A、C、D均无据。24.答案【C】【解析】第四段Wiles说本以为要给它装会动的头尾、面部特征和气味，butthatwasn'tnecessary，说明老鼠对“动作”比“外形”更敏感，respondmoretoactionsthantolooks正确；A、B、D均不符。25.答案【D】【解析】末段Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialcues,evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots，说明其敏感度超出预期，aremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected正确；A适应新环境、B比其他动物更社交、C与儿童行为不同均无据。26.答案【C】【解析】第二段认为理解CEO薪酬上涨的最佳模型是limitedCEOtalentinaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly，Increasedbusinessopportunitiesfortopfirms正确；A、B、D均非该模型要素。27.答案【D】【解析】第三段指出现今CEO需面对muchmoreglobalized的公司与跨国供应链，需具备相应知识，operatemoreglobalizedcompanies正确；A团队意识、B资助研发、C与科技公司建立紧密联系（原文说公司自身正在变成科技公司）均不符。28.答案【B】【解析】第四段称corporategovernancehasbecomealottighterandmorerigoroussincethe1970s，Yetitisprincipallyduringthisperiod...thatCEOpayhasbeenhighandrising，即在高监管下仍上涨，strictcorporategovernance正确；A、C、D均无据。29.答案【D】【解析】末段thestockmarketreactspositivelywhencompaniestieCEOpaytostockprices,asignthatthosepracticesbuildupcorporatevalue，即有助于提升公司价值，increasecorporatevalue正确；A确认地位、B激励内部候选人（原文说高薪给外部候选人）、C提高效率均不符。30.答案【A】【解析】全文以“人才稀缺、职责变难、治理趋严、抬高公司价值”等论据反驳“CEO薪酬过高即是掠夺”，主旨为CEO并非薪酬过高，CEOsAreNotOverpaid正确；B、C、D均与全文重心不符。31.答案【D】【解析】第一、二段称新一届市议会暂停执行、法官又裁定恢复罚款，但withlegalbattlesahead,thezone'sfuturelooksuncertain，即命运未定，Itsfateisyettobedecided正确；A效果存疑（原文称改善空气质量有成效）、B遭法官反对（法官支持罚款）、C需更严格执法均不符。32.答案【D】【解析】第三段指出市级措施的弱点：inevitablyputthecostsofcleaningtheairontoindividualdrivers，即把负担压在个人车主身上，Theyputtoomuchburdenonindividualmotorists正确；A歧视车企、B对市议会不现实、C对政客太温和均不符。33.答案【A】【解析】第四段称若Khan连任并把Ulez扩至南北环路，itissuretosparkintenseoppositionfromthefarlargernumberofmotorists，arousestrongresistance正确；B保证选举成功、C改善交通、D抑制汽车制造均不符。34.答案【D】【解析】第五、六段明确Theyareactingbecausenationalgovernments—Britain'sandothersacrossEurope—havefailedtodoso，即应由国家政府解决，Nationalgovernments正确；A居民、B市长、C议员都是“只能做这么多”的执行者。35.答案【B】【解析】末段称现行做法是aresponsetotheabsenceofalargerefforttorequireautocompaniestobringtheirvehi