inflection_词的屈折(曲折).ppt

1、Inflection词的屈折,DefinitionInflectionisvariationintheformofaword,typicallybymeansofanaffix(词缀),thatexpressesagrammaticalcontrastwhichisobligatoryforthestems(词干)wordclassinsomegivengrammaticalcontext.,Inflectionalaffixes屈折词缀inflection:themanifestationofgrammaticalrelationshipthroughtheadditionofinflect

2、ionalaffixes,suchasnumber,person,finiteness,aspectandcase,whichdonotchangethegrammaticalclassofthestemstowhichtheyareattached.屈折变化：屈折变化是通过附加屈折词缀的语法关系的表现，如数、人称、有定性、体、格，屈折词缀不会改变所附加词语的语法类。,affixesattachedtotheendofwordstoindicategrammaticalrelationshipsareinflectionalInflectionalaffixes屈折词缀加在词干的后边，传递不同

3、的语法关系或语法范畴，如数、时、格等。如books中的-s是屈折词缀，传递复数；wiser中的-er是屈折词缀，传递比较级概念，等。,Inflectionisaprocesswhichcombineswordsandaffixes(alwayssuffixesinEnglish)toproducedifferentwordformsofthesamelexeme.Inflectionalmorphologyoccurswithnouns,pronounsandverbs.,Innouns,inflectionmarkspluralityinregularnouns:,Inflectionand

4、DerivationSumup,inflectionisaprocesswhichproducesdifferentwordformsofthesamelexeme;whereasderivationcreatesnewwords,Ifderivationandinflectionco-occurs,derivationsareinner,closertothestem,andinflectionsareouter,furthestfromthestem.,Derivationistheformationofanewwordorinflectablestemfromanotherwordors

5、tem.Ittypicallyoccursbytheadditionofanaffix.Thederivedwordisoftenofadifferentwordclassfromtheoriginal.Derivationalaffixes（派生词缀）A）prefix:Aprefixcomesbeforewords.B）suffix:Aprefixcomesafterwords前缀出现在单词的前边。前缀的主要功能是改变词干的语义，一般来说前缀不改变词的词性，如，当我们在friendly前边加上un-时，它的语义发生了改变，但是单词的词性不变。但是，也有一些例外情况，如：unearth,enl

6、arge,prewar等。后缀加在词干的后边。后缀主要改变词性，也可以改变语义的功能。,Typesofderivationalaffixes,Derivationalaffixesareoftwokinds:word-classchangingandword-classmaintaining.NominalizersareusedtoformnounsVerbalizersareusedtoformverbsAdjectivizersareusedtoformadjectivesAdverbializersareusedtoformadverbs,Nominalizer,MorphologicalRule:V+ageNA+yN,Verbalizer,MorphologicalRule:N+enVA+enV,Adjectivizer,MorphologicalRule:N+al