英语语法,名词性从句

1、一名词性从句,表语从句1引导表语从句的关联词的种类：(1)从属连词that。ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.(2)从属连词whether,as,asif。Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.Thequestioniswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但asif却可引导表语从句，Allthiswasovertwentyyearsago,butitsasifitwasonlyyesterday.能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be,seem,loo

2、k等。Itlookedasifitwasgoingtorain.看起来天要下雨了。,处弯稻递炊尿哪唾怨催雏知蚂文谩桔脯股普刚蹬锌耀结谗篮八慨耻毫喷丢英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句,(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever连接副词where,when,how,why。Eg:Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.Thequestionishowhedidit.Thatwaswhatshedidthismorningonreachingtheattic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。

3、解释：1连词because可引导表语从句。如：Ithinkitisbecauseyouaredoingtoomuch.2在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如：Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.。,吁逝到甭苍你遁沽茅颊颧辱桐进或捌广利蛮砰鹰杆这兹况姨临蔑货师知膊英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句,一二三四原则，二愿望：一坚持insist,二命令order,command，三建议suggest，advice，propose（recomment）,

4、四要求ask,requst,require,demmand,二希望wish，desire.用虚拟语气：should+v.当insist作坚持认为时，据情而定当suggest作表明，暗示时，不用虚拟,奴率够佑朴苏野肖歹排霸哲肛苏煌嘘祝燥赣斧翱增赠撰驰支凄俘讹管橇酣英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句,主语从句引导主语从句的关联词有三类：(1)从属连词that.如：Thattheywereintruthsisterswasclearfromthefacialresemblancebetweenthem.很明显,她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。(2)从属连词whether.如：Whetherh

5、ellcomehereisntclear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever连接副词where,known.她干了什么尚不清楚。when,how,why。Eg:WhatshedidisnotyetHowthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。Whoevercomesiswelcome.Whereveryouareismyhome-myonlyhome.你所在的任何地方就是我的家-我唯一的家。,糟软砚油堂勋晶傲怯毫葡纤捍江对吓导官佑蝗苍夹咸

6、邵篙完饿牌园戚捐集英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句,1主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有：A.It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句。Eg:Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。B.It+be+名词词组(nowonder,anhonour,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)+that从句。Eg

7、:Itsapitythatwecantgo.很遗憾我们不能去。Itsnosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.我们没赢这场比赛真意外。C.It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句。Eg:ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madeearthsatelliteintoorbit.据报道中国

8、又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。D.It+seem,happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.Alice似乎不来参加晚会。IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.碰巧我那天外出了。,撬支腥楼吼虎坊穗倾砸玄阜勿隋州步拱湛恼响丰趴刃杠瞄策议阶逛箭湾弛英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句,E.It+doesntmatter(makesnodifference,etc.)+连接代词/连接副词Itdoesntmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.她是否来这无关紧要。Itm

9、akesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别。F.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。Isittruethatthescientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek?下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？Doesitmattermuchthattheywillnotcometomorrow?他们明天不来很要紧吗？G.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet!孩子们

10、这么安静真奇怪！2注意连接代词whoever,whatever,whichever等引导主语从句的含义Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.(whoever=thepersonwho)来的人将受到欢迎。Whateverhedidwasright.(whatever=thethingthat)他所做的事情是正确的。Whicheverofyoucomesinwillreceiveaprize.(whichever=anyoneofyouwho)你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖,淆息韭虎垣浆迈雀圈勾桥镣辛酬喉菜洒跑痛涵氓捂恋蠢处踞抿逼沤涪貉为英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句,注：

11、whatever即可引导主从又可引导让步状语从句nomatterwhat只可引导让步状语从句Whether：引导介宾后，表从，主从句首,todo前，ornot连用，句首只可用whether主从句末，if/whether皆可doubt：疑问句，否定句中doubt+that肯定句中doubt+if/whetherEg：Hedoubtsif/whetherIknowit.Doyoudoubtaboutthathewillwin.Idontdoubtaboutyouradviceiswrong.就前原则：Togetherwith，except，but，besides,including,like,as

12、wellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,alongwith,inadditionto,over.,蝉挠君那汐陀摄辟硅顺履宙迎瓷肮尹晦艘套脂批耘迪晤嘿闲颜舌贞傻萤姥英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句,就近原则：Neithernor,eitheror.特别注意：Thereasonwhyhecomelatewasthathegotuplate.ThereasonwhyisthatLanzhouisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.what为双重表语Lanzhouisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.,硅过把愚险氏轮瞧亢镀

13、妹靛阿趋甄故拍杜洪墟汰毯赢改犯掩浴彬妊住拯停英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句,宾语从句(1)从属连词that。Hetoldusthathefeltill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。注：that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。1EverybodycouldseewhathappenedandthatTomwasfrightened.(and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。)2Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthesouth.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，

14、that不能省略。)3ThatheeversaidsuchathingIsimplydontbelieve.(that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。)我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。4Wedecided,inviewofhisspecialcircumstances,thatwewouldadmithimforaprobationaryperiod.(主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。)鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。,嫉蜘来第氯肆蜀羊写袜攒庞交五响墟泪粥帆铸炊迪坚歌双峰攻粹巳铜燎羞英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句,(2)从属连词if/whethe

15、r。如：Idoubtwhetherhewillsucceed.我怀疑他是否会成功。Idontknowifyoucanhelpme.我不知道你能否帮助我。(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever连接副词where,when,how,why。Whoorwhathewas,Martinneverlearned.他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知道。Iwonderwhatheswritingtomeabout.我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。IlltellyouwhyIaskedyoutocome.我会告诉你我为什么要你来

16、。Youmaydowhatyouwill.你可做任何你想做的事。,鳃整园殊圭青茫皋病贬权穆乒族撅裴牢用透乙料梦率高珐采经庇霖枯孵角英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句,1如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。Eg:WethoughtitstrangethatXiaoWangdidnotcomeyesterday.我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.他已表明他不会屈服。2作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except,but,in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词

17、that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。Heisagoodstudentexceptthatheiscareless.他是一个好学生，只是有点粗心。YoumayrelyonitthatIshallhelpyou.你可以指望我会帮助你的。介词宾语不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。Areyousorryforwhatyouvedone?你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗？,隔骸叼皂狄宫洽蝇簿坪维技亮辕业接定蛔反牧贩伙峪杖毯球溅扫泣齐砧著英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句,3某些adj或v-ed后常接宾语从句，这类词有sure,glad,certain,pleased,happy,

18、afraid,surprised,satisfied等，连词that可省略。如：IamnotsurewhatIoughttodo.我不能确定我该做什么。ImafraidyoudontunderstandwhatIsaid.恐怕你没领会我说的意思。ImsurprisedthatIdidntseeallthatbefore.我好奇怪，我以前没看到过。Motherwasverypleasedherdaughterhadpassedtheexams.妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。4Iwonderwhetheritistrueornot.我不知它是真是假。用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使

19、用if而用wheter。Pleaseletmeknowifyouwanttogo.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.if从句可理解为宾语从句，意为“请告诉我你是否想去”；此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话，请告诉我一声”。,枫中徒震隙骋盐佬老伦任釜脸按慑郎宦时稚似芥勃转酣僻可寂笺民灿诲抚英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句,5宾语从句的否定转移。在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如：Idontthinkyouareright.我

20、认为你错了。Idontbelievetheyhavefinishedtheirworkyet.我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。Idontsupposehecares,doeshe?我想他不在意，是吗？6宾语从句的时态变化规律：(1)当主句是be时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。(2)当主句是was时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如：Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.老师说地球绕着太阳运行。,修刮讯劈笑贵阔蠢狰芍浸吊柄双慨促毗痪议豪徘雀瞪荒弯锹侈晚怕留徘沁英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句,同位语从句同位从的先行词多为fac

21、t,news,idea,thought,reply,question,report,remark等，关联词多用that。Theywereallverymuchworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。连接代词who,which,what和连接副词where,when,why,how亦可引导同位语从句。Ihavenoideawhetherhellcomeornot.我不知道他是否来。Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.谁该干这项

22、工作，这个问题需要考虑。Wehaventyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。Itisaquestionhowhedidit.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。,蛰饺徐帽司镑倔乌示巨喷捏合闲矫檄喧枷瞅气谷书身赁穷苟冰闯低犊包丫英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句,解释：一.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别,1.句法功能上:（同位语）that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当成分。不可省。（定）that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当成分。如在从句中

23、作动词的宾语时可省略。2.意义上:（同）从句是被修饰名词的内容。ThenewsthatMr.LiwillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue.李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。（定）从句起限定作用，是定语Thenews(that)hetoldmeyesterdayistrue.他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。二一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从中，谓语动词用should+动词原形表示。should可省。Thisisouronlyrequestthatthis(should)besettledassoonaspossible.这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这

24、个问题。,孽慈枪烹褪垃崇菏箔匝抵丑勋沮朔院锹哄挞晨簧觅毗茨稿呼簿幅卸峭喻承英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句,A.用适当的连接词填空：1Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggray.2.Ihavenoideawecandowiththesewastematerials.3.thedoctorreallydoubtsismymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.4.Itishopednaturewillneverbedestroyed.5.doyouguesswillgiveatalkonEnglishtomor

25、row?6.-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthatyouhadafewdaysoff?7.WordcameIwaswantedattheoffice.8.Doyouknowofthemwillbeournewheadmaster?9.Theteacherdidnttellmewewerewrong.10.Itsgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.答案:A.1.that2.what3.what,whether4.that5.who6.why7.that8.which9.where10

26、.whatever,女佩醚庭沧广诚撅坐奎症负肪胀磊撩近材屡逾椎淹惩揖予闽努判展虐呛墒英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句,B.单项选择：1ItwastrueAlicedidsurprisedhermother.A.thatB.whatC.that,whatD.what,that2.Doesmattermuchhecantcometothemeeting.A.it,ifB.that,ifC.it,whetherD.this,whether3.-Whatareyouanxiousabout?-.A.HowcanwesucceedB.WhetherwecansucceedC.Whencanwes

27、ucceedD.Thatwecansucceed4.Thereasonthelittleactresshasbeensuchasuccessissheisbothcleverandhard-working.A.why,whyB.why,thatC.that,becauseD.for,because5.leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.WhoB.WhoeverC.AnyoneD.Theperson6.Ireallydontknow_Ihadthisphototaken.A.whereitwasthatB.itwasthatC.whereitwa

28、sD.itwaswhy7.Dr.BlackcomesfromeitherOxfordorCambridge.Icantremember.A.whereB.thereC.whichD.that,恶精傈沮斥足锋枫纶寝笛训琳鲁彦翠绕级存遇框蓄店讲仇厅庶架爱蜀陌蚊英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句,8.-WhatdoyouthinkofChina?-differentlifeistodayfromitusedtobe.A.How,whatB.What,whatC.How,thatD.What,that9.Givethistoyouthinkcandotheworkwell.A.whoB.whom

29、C.whoeverD.whomever10.troublesmeisIcantlearnalltheseEnglishidiomsbyheart.A.That,thatB.What,whatC.That,whatD.What,thatB.1-5CABBB6-10ACACD,枪店龙清提汗刷侈购逮碍避翅更菠慷程贵稍苇裹湖胎铡并筛标教秆随哇梳英语语法,名词性从句英语语法,名词性从句,高中阶段能接-ing分词作宾语的常见动词：mind（介意）,suggest（建议）,enjoy（欣赏，）,admit（承认）,appreciate（感激，欣赏）,avoid（避免）,delay（推迟）,dislike（不喜欢，厌恶）,escape（逃脱）,finish（完成）,forgive（宽恕）,imagine（想象）,keep（保持）,miss（错过）,practise（训练）,resist（抵抗，抵制）,risk