2008高考英语复习 名词性从句 语法讲解课件牛津版

1、名词性从句,NounClauses,一.relatedconception(相关概念),1.名词:,表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。,2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?,名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。,TheboyisliMing.,主语,表语,Mr.Liang,a24-year-oldboy,teachesusEnglish.,主语,同位语,宾语,在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。,3.什么是名词性从句?,名词性从句,主语从句(TheSubjectClause),宾语从句(TheObjectClause),

2、表语从句(ThePredicativeClause),同位语从句(TheAppositiveClause),主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语.引导词有连词that(that不可省略),whether;连接代词有who,what,which;连接副词when,where,how,why等.如:,1).连接词:that,whether,Heisafamoussinger.Itisknowntous.,1.Thatheisafamoussingerisknowntous.(Itisknowntousthatheisafamoussinger.),WillwevisittheGreatWalltomor

3、row?,Ithasnotbeendecided.,WhetherwewillvisittheGreatWallhasnotbeendecide.,Hewillwinthegame.,Itiscertain.,Willhewinthegame?,Itisnotcertain.,Thathewillwinthegameiscertain.,Itiscertainthathewillwinthegame.,Whetherhewillthegameisnotcertain.,2).连接代词:who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,Wh

4、osebagisit?Itcantbetold.,Whosebagitiscantbetold.,Whatdoesheneed?Itismoney.,Whatheneedsismoney.,无论你刚才说什么都是对的.,Whateveryousaidisallright.,3).连接副词:when,where,why,how,howmany,howmuchhowlong,howsoon,howoften,Whenwillwestarttomorrow?Itwillbetoldsoon.,Whenwewillstarttomorrowwillbetoldsoon.,我们将怎样制定计划已经被老师解释

5、清楚了.,Howwewillmaketheplanhasbeenexplainedclearlybytheteacher.,为什么他来这里还是不被人所知道.,Whyhecomeshereisnotknown.,1.为什么有时侯用that,whether,有时侯用连接代词,或着有时候用连接副词?,2.它的语序有没有变化?,2.总结:,1).主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓语在后.,2).连接词that在从句中无实际意义,起引导作用,不作任何成分,但不能省略.,Whenwillhecomeisnotknown.,错误,Whenhewillcomeisnotknown.,Hewillnotc

6、ometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.,错误,Thathewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.,但是whatisthematter和whatiswrong不可改变语序,3).whether可以引导主语从句解释为”是否”,但if不能.,4).whoever,whatever,whichever等词可以引导主语从句,但nomatterwho,nomatterwhat等不能,它们只能引导让步状语从句.,5).为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例:Itiswellknown/rep

7、orted/thought/said/thatItisclear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful/thatItisapity/ashame/anhonour/thatItdoesntmatterwhether/ItseemsthatIthappensthat,Webelieve(that)heishonest.Itoldhim(that)Iwouldcomebacksoon.Hesaid(that)hewouldgotherethenextdayandthathisfamilywouldntgothere,宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语,放在实义动词或介词的后面

8、.引导词有连词that(that常可省略),whether,if;代词有who,whose,what,which;副词有when,where,how,why等.如:,总结:,2.注意点,1).宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序.,2).引导宾语从句的连词that也无实际意义,多数情况下可以省略.,3).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,但:(1).当whether后紧跟ornot时,不用if.,(2).介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.,例:IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.,1.宾语从句的引导词:宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同.,例:Idontknow

9、whetherIwillstayornot.,3.放句首，解释为“是否”,Whethershewillgohomeisnotunknown.,4.表语从句解释为”是否“用whether,Thequestioniswhetherwecancollectenoughmoney.,4).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留,(1).在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略.,例:Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.,(2).由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第一个that可以省略,第二that不能省.,Hetoldme

10、(that)hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.,表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语,常放在be动词的后面.引导词有连词that(that不可省略),whether;代词有who,what,which;副词when,where,how,why等.如:,Theproblemisthatwedidntgetintouchwithhim.ThisishowHenrysolvedtheproblem.Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)finishtheworkatonce.,如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice.order等名词时,

11、后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略.,2.注意点,1).表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.,2).表语从句的引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略.,3).表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if引导.,Whatmanypeopleareworriedaboutiswhetherwewillbeabletobuildabetterfuture.,Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisbecausethattherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.,Thereasonwhy+句子bethat+从句.,For+名词,今天早上他

12、迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.,Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisthattherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.,或This/it/that/isbecause+从句等句型.,Hewaslatethismorning.Thatwasbecausetherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.,同位语从句在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词fact,news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词.引导词有连词that;少数情况下也可用连接副词howwhenwhere等

13、.如:,1.Thethoughtthatwemightsucceedexcitedus.2.Theideathattheyshouldtryasecondtimeisworthconsidering.3.Thesuggestionthattheplan(should)bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.,名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可省略.,4.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.,注意1.that引导的同位语从句前面的名词常见的有:idea,fact,n

14、ews,belief,thought,doubt,suggestion,proof,message,order,conclusion,desire,theory,truth,word,hope,information等.,2.that在从句中只是起引导作用,不作任何成分.,1.Whenwewillstartisnotclear.2.MrsBlackwontbelievethathersonhasbecomeathief.3.Myideaisthatweshoulddoitrightnow.4.Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从

15、句,I名词性从句的种类,一、同位语从句与定语从句的相似之处,1、两种从句都可以译成定语e.g.,Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.（同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.（定语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。,一、同位语从句与定语从句的相似之处,2、两种从句都可以用that引导e.g.,Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.（同位

16、语从句）学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。Thesuggestionthatisworthconsideringisthatthestudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.（定语从句）值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。,二、同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处,1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。,e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.（从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）Thenewsthatyoutoldusis

17、reallyencouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）,二、同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处,2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。,e.g.1)DadmadeapromisethathewouldbuymeCDplayerifIpassedtheEnglishtest.（that不充当任何成分）2)Dadmadeapromisethatexcitedallhischildren.（that指代prom

18、ise，又在从句中充当主语。）,Tellthefunctionofthefollowingsentences.a.subjectb.objectc.predicatived.appositive(同位语),1.TheideathatEnglandstandsforFishB:Attributive（定语）,Hisproposalthatwegothereonfootisacceptable.Manyteachersholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline.3.Thefirstrequestthathemadewastoask

19、forfreedom.4.Doyouhaveanyideawherewewillbesent?5.Isthisthecompanywhereyourfatherworks?6.Thisisthereasonthathegaveforhisabsence.7.Hemadeanexcusethathiscarbrokedownontheway.,B,B,B,II.Choosethebestanswer,1.Theyexpressedthehope_theywouldcomeovertoChina.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.when2.Thefact_hedidntseeTomyes

20、terdayistrue.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what3.Ihavenoidea_hewillcomeback.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.that,II.Choosethebestanswer,4.Thenews_surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovestobefalse.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how5.Oneofthemenheldtheview_thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhichC.thatwhatD.whichthat6.Wordhascome_some

21、Americanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.A.whatB.whetherc.thatD.which,II语序问题,1.Thephotographswillshowyou_（MET89）A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike,2.Heasked_foraviolin.（MET92）A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIp

22、ayD.howmuchIpaid,1.Thequestionis_thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how2.Theyreceivedorders_theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB.whenC./D.that3.Thereason_Ihavetogois_mymotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because4._Icantunderstandis_shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because5._hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometru