虚拟语气课件.ppt

1、虚拟语气,语气的种类、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion.每个问题都有两个方面。Wereyoubusyalldayyesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？Howgoodateachersheis!她是多好的一位老师啊！,、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如：Neverbelateagain!再也不要迟到了。Dontforgettoturnoffthelight.别忘了关灯。,、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：IfIw

2、ereabird,Icouldflyintheair.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。IwishIcouldpasstheexamination.我希望我能通过考试。Mayyousucceed!祝您成功！,用于状语从句用于主语从句用于宾语从句用于其他,虚拟语气的用法,wish,suggest,order,Itis/was+形容词that,If（条件）,asif,asthough(方式)Evenif/though(让步),一、用于条件状语从句1、-如果我现在看到他，我会十分高兴。-IfIsawhimnow,Iwouldbeveryhappy.2、-如果他现在在这的话，我们就能问他那事。-If

3、hewereherenow,wecouldaskhimaboutit.-Wereheherenow,wecouldaskhimaboutit.,Ifplaces_alike,therewouldbelittleneedforgeographers.A.beingB.areC.beD.wereIfwe_(know)thatthebookswereavailable,wewouldhaveboughtthemyesterday.,hadknown,3、-如果我昨天要是有时间的话，我就和你一起去了。-IfIhadhadtimeyesterday,Iwouldhavegonewithyou.-HadI

4、hadtimeyesterday,Iwouldhavegonewithyou.,4、如果我明天看到他的话，我就会告诉他这个消息。-IfIsawshouldseeweretoseehimtomorrow,Iwouldtellhimthenews.-ShouldIseehimtomorrow,Iwouldtellhimthenews.-WereItoseehimtomorrow,Iwouldtellhimthenews.(注)if条件句的虚拟有时可以把含有助动词，情态动词，be或have的虚拟条件句省去，而将had,should,were等词提到主语之前，即倒装。,*IfIwereyou,Iwou

5、ldgowithhim.=WereIyou,Iwouldgowithhim.*IfIhadknownthenews,Iwouldhavetoldyouaboutthat.=HadIknownthenews,Iwouldhavetoldyouaboutthat.If条件句的虚拟语气中的连词if可以被省略，同时把助动词were，had，should等提到主语的前面，从而构成倒装的形式.,二、倒装用法,Hadheworkedharder,he_thefinalexaminations.A.musthavegotthroughB.wouldhavegotthroughC.wouldgetthrough

6、D.couldgetthrough,_tomorrowmorning,shewouldreachBeijingbythisSunday.A.WouldsheleaveB.ifshewillleaveC.HadsheleftD.Wereshetoleave,三、主从句的动作发生时间不一致的情况。有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。eg.Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,youwouldbeallrightnow.IfyouhadpracticedspeakingEnglishmore,youwouldbeablet

7、ospeakitfluently.,(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在）,四.用介词短语代替条件状语从句(含蓄条件句)without,butfor(要不是）,otherwise,butthat,exceptfor,only,but,ore.g.Withoutair(Iftherewerenoair),therewouldbenolivingthings.与现在事实相反Butforyourhelp(Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp)Icouldnothavedoneit.与过去事实相反,Withoutwaterandair,there_livingthingsontheearth

8、.A.beB.wouldbenoC.weretobeD.wasYou_yourworkaheadoftimewithouttheirhelp.A.haventcompletedB.wouldnthavecompletedC.werentcompletingD.shouldnthavecompleted,“Itisimportant（strange/natural/necessary/vital/urgent/imperative/natural/essential/desirable/）that(should)+V.原形”，表示某事“重要”，“奇怪”，“自然”，“必要”等意义。在主语从句中，谓

9、语动词可以用虚拟语气表示惊奇，不相信，惋惜，理应如此等主观的情感.e.g.Itisimportantthateverymember(should)informhimselfoftheserules.Itisnecessarythathe(should)besentthereatonce.Itisdecided(hasbeendecided)thatthemeeting(should)bepostponedtilltomorrow.,五、用于主语从句中,Itisnecessarythathe_(take)agoodrestafterworkingforalongtime.Itwasridicul

10、ousthathe_thatwayyesterday.A.behavedB.shouldbehaveC.shallbehaveD.wouldbehave,(should)take,Itisnecessarythatwe(should)cleantheroomeveryday.(important,natural,strange,rightetc.)Itisapitythatyou(should)besocareless.(shame,nowonder,etc.)ItisrequestedthatMissLiu(should)giveaperformanceattheparty.(suggest

11、ed,decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc)注：此种从句若表示惊奇的情感则用虚拟语气，否则也可以用陈述语气。Itisapitythatyoudidntcome.,六、用于宾语从句,IwishI_longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.A.couldhavesleptB.hadsleptC.mighthavesleptD.havesleptHowhewishedthathe_theconcert!A.wenttoB.hadgonetoC.shouldhavegonetoD.wouldgoto,2、在表示

12、建议，要求，命令的词“suggest,demand,order,propose,insist,command,recommand,request,desire”后的宾语从句中：“(should)+动词原形”e.g.Isuggestthatwe(should)setoffatonce.Idemandedthathe(should)answermeimmediately.注：以上动词的名词形式用于同位语从句中，从句中的动词也是用“(should)+动词原形”,Thedoctorrecommendedthathe_forafewdays.A.restsB.restC.restedD.willrest

13、Thedoctorrequiredthateverymemberinhisdepartment_(refer)tohisreport.,(should)refer,Weareinfavorofyourproposalthatthemeeting_.A.shouldbeputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istoputoffHisrecommendationwasthatanexperiencedsalesmanager_tothebranchcompanyinShanghaitotakechargeofthemarketingthere.A.wassentB.se

14、ndC.besentD.wouldbesent,七、用于让步状语从句方式状语从句,evenif/eventhough（让步）表示即使、尽管主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。e.g.1、EvenifLinTaowerehere,Ishouldsaythesamething.2、Eventhoughhehadbeenill,hewouldhavegonetohisoffice.3、Evenifheweretocomehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.,2.asif/asthough（方式）表示好像从句的谓语形式为动词过去式（be用were）或“had+过去分词”eg.HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.Helookedaftertheorphanasifhewereherownchild.HespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifhehadstudiedEngli