分析欧洲极右翼势力.pptx

1、Anti-multiculturalismandtheExtremeRightinEurope,Anothersideofthepicture,Xenophobia（仇外）intoleranceScapegoatingofminoritiesethniccleansingracismChauvinism（沙文主义）anti-Semitism（反犹主义）,ExtremeRightism,1.WhatsExtremeRightism?,ThesearesomeoftheERpartiesFrontNational(FN)BritishNationalParty(BNP)FreedomPartyAu

2、stria(FPO)ItalianSocialMovement(MSI),WhatsExtremeRightism?,ItisapoliticalideologyAlsonamedRight-wingExtremism,ExtremeRight,FarRightExtremismRight:arejectionoftheprincipleoffundamentalhumanequalityExtreme:arejectionofthefundamentalvalues,proceduresandinstitutionsofthedemocraticconstitutionalstate,The

3、fourthemesofExtremeRightism,a.Anti-immigrationstancevote-winnerpolicy;ethnicprejudice:extremerightpartiestendtodepicttheThirdWorldimmigrantsasthreatsCrimeisportrayedasaconsequenceofimmigrationandthepresenceofforeignersAnti-Islamisation,MainpoliciesafreezeonimmigrationcompulsoryIDcardsforimmigrantsno

4、earlyaccesstocitizenshiporvotingrightscurtailingfamilyreunificationtoughproceduresforasylum(政治避难)seekersandrefugeesregulationsonrepatriation(引渡）etc.,ThefourthemesofExtremeRightism,b.Ultra-nationalismEstablishingahomogenousnationwhichisdirectedagainsttheconceptofliberalandpluralisticdemocracyanditspr

5、inciplesofindividualismanduniversalism.Theirslogans:FrancefortheFrench！GermanyfortheGermans！ViennafortheViennese！RightsforWhites！,TheyprofesstheconceptofNationalPreference:NationisseenasaunitofindividualswhosharethesamecultureandethnicoriginsandaclearlydefinedterritoryPublicfundsandbenefitsshouldber

6、eservedsolelyforinsidersEmphasisontraditionalvaluesSomeevensupportsecessionism.,ThefourthemesofExtremeRightism,c.HostilitytoEuropeanintegrationd.Anti-establishmentpopulism,2.HowExtremeRightismimpactonthemulticulturalisminEurope?,a.TheriseandfalloftheExtremeRightpartiesinEuropePattern:,Example:FrontN

7、ationalinFrance,Leader:Jean-MarieLePen（让玛丽勒庞）,Example:FNinFrance,1.Marginalizationperceivedastooextremeandirrelevanttovoterswononly0.74%intheFrenchpresidentialelectionandhispartyachievedonly0.33%inthe1974unsuccessful,Example:FNinFrance,2.BreakthroughInthe1980-1990,themainstreamrightwasdefeatedinthee

8、lectionLePenwasabletoexploititsfailure;focusonissueslikeimmigration,insecurity,unemployment（muchlessradical)Thepartywon9.7%intheFrenchNationalAssemblyin1986,Example:FNinFrance,3.InstitutionalizationprominenceintheissuesofimmigrationandethnicissuesCollaborationwiththemainstreamright;gainlegitimacy,In

9、2002,LePenmanagedtobeattheSocialistPartyscandidateonthefirstballotandcametoduelwithPresidentChirac(althoughwellbeaten),Thepatternforsuccess,Utilizetheanti-immigrationpoliciestoattractvoters;gainlegitimacyfromde-radicalizationandcoordinationwiththemainstreamrightSomeevenformcoalitiongovernment(Italy,

10、Austria,Switzerland,Denmark),2.HowExtremeRightismimpactonthemulticulturalisminEurope?,b.impactonpoliciesMainstreamrighttriedtoavoidbeingoutflankedbytheextremerightTheybegantoadopttheirpoliciesandcourtingtheirelectorateLePenssuccessinexploitingtheanti-immigrationthemewasfacilitatedbythemainstreamrigh

11、twing,Until2005,mainstreampartieslegitimizedandtrivializedtheanti-multiculturalismAustria:in2005,thecollationgovernmentreformedthelawoncitizenship,tighteningupthegrantingofcitizenshiptoimmigrantsDenmark:in2001-2005,thenimmigrationandasylumpolicieswastightenedwithfewerresidencepermitsbecomingavailabl

12、e,France:NicolasSarkozy(rightwing)InAugust,2010,dozensofRoma(Gypsies)werebeingrepatriatedbyFranceforsecurityconcernfromApril11st,2011,theveilbaninFrancebegantoenforce,2.HowExtremeRightismimpactonthemulticulturalisminEurope?,ConclusionAnti-immigration:votewinnerMainstreamRightandExtremeRightcoalition

13、Policieslegitimization,Furtherquestions,Willsuchphenomenonhasalastingeffectonthepolicy-makinginEurope?WilltheprosperityofERbecomeaflashinaspan?DoestheriseofERreallymainlybenefitfromtheanti-immigrationandultra-nationalismpolicies?Ortheremaybesomeotherreasons?,References,PaulHainsworth,theExtremeRightinWesternEurope,(London:Routledge,2008)OliverMarchart,theFourthWayoftheUltra-Right:Austria,Europe,andtheEndofNeo-Cor