电子商务：管理视角 CH07.ppt

1、2008PearsonPrenticeHall,ElectronicCommerce2008,EfraimTurban,etal.,Chapter7,E-SupplyChains,CollaborativeCommerce,andCorporatePortals,7-2,LearningObjectives,Definethee-supplychainanddescribeitscharacteristicsandcomponents.Listsupplychainproblemsandtheircauses.Listsolutionstosupplychainproblemsprovided

2、byEC.DescribeRFIDsupplychainapplications.Definec-commerceandlistthemajortypes.,7-3,LearningObjectives,DescribecollaborativeplanningandCollaboration,Planning,Forecasting,andReplenishing(CPFR)andlistthebenefitsofeach.Discussintegrationalongthesupplychain.Understandcorporateportalsandtheirtypesandroles

3、.Describee-collaborationtoolssuchasworkflowsoftwareandgroupware.,7-4,E-SupplyChains,DefinitionsandConceptssupplychainTheflowofmaterials,information,money,andservicesfromrawmaterialsuppliersthroughfactoriesandwarehousestotheendcustomerse-supplychainAsupplychainthatismanagedelectronically,usuallywithW

4、ebtechnologies,7-5,E-SupplyChains,7-6,E-SupplyChains,SupplyChainPartsUpstreamsupplychainprocurementTheprocessmadeupofarangeofactivitiesbywhichanorganizationobtainsorgainsaccesstotheresources(materials,skills,capabilities,facilities)theyrequiretoundertaketheircorebusinessactivitiesInternalsupplychain

5、Downstreamsupplychain,7-7,E-SupplyChains,supplychainmanagement(SCM)Acomplexprocessthatrequiresthecoordinationofmanyactivitiessothattheshipmentofgoodsandservicesfromsupplierrightthroughtocustomerisdoneefficientlyandeffectivelyforallpartiesconcerned.SCMaimstominimizeinventorylevels,optimizeproductiona

6、ndincreasethroughput,decreasemanufacturingtime,optimizelogisticsanddistribution,streamlineorderfulfillment,andoverallreducethecostsassociatedwiththeseactivities,7-8,E-SupplyChains,e-supplychainmanagement(e-SCM)Thecollaborativeuseoftechnologytoimprovetheoperationsofsupplychainactivitiesaswellastheman

7、agementofsupplychainsThesuccessofane-supplychaindependson:TheabilityofallsupplychainpartnerstoviewpartnercollaborationasastrategicassetAwell-definedsupplychainstrategyInformationvisibilityalongtheentiresupplychainSpeed,cost,quality,andcustomerserviceIntegratingthesupplychainmoretightly,7-9,E-SupplyC

8、hains,ActivitiesandinfrastructureofE-SCMSupplychainreplenishmentE-procurementSupplychainmonitoringandcontrolusingRFIDInventorymanagementusingwirelessdevicesCollaborativeplanningCollaborativedesignandproductdevelopmentE-logisticsUseofB2Bexchangesandsupplywebs,7-10,E-SupplyChains,e-procurementTheuseof

9、Web-basedtechnologytosupportthekeyprocurementprocesses,includingrequisitioning,sourcing,contracting,ordering,andpayment.E-procurementsupportsthepurchaseofbothdirectandindirectmaterialsandemploysseveralWeb-basedfunctionssuchasonlinecatalogs,contracts,purchaseorders,andshippingnoticescollaborativeplan

10、ningAbusinesspracticethatcombinesthebusinessknowledgeandforecastsofmultipleplayersalongasupplychaintoimprovetheplanningandfulfillmentofcustomerdemand,7-11,E-SupplyChains,Infrastructurefore-SCMElectronicDataInterchange(EDI)ExtranetsIntranetsCorporateportalsWorkflowsystemsandtoolsGroupwareandothercoll

11、aborativetools,7-12,E-SupplyChains,DeterminingtheRightSupplyChainStrategyFunctionalproductsarestapleproductsthathavestableandpredictabledemandandcallforasimple,efficient,low-costsupplychainInnovativeproductstendtohavehigherprofitmargins,volatiledemand,andshortproductlifecycles.Theseproductsrequireas

12、upplychainthatemphasizesspeed,responsiveness,andflexibilityratherthanlowcosts,7-13,SupplyChainProblemsandSolutions,TypicalProblemsalongtheSupplyChainWithincreasingglobalizationandoffshoring,supplychainscanbeverylongandinvolvemanyinternalandexternalpartnerslocatedindifferentplacesAlackoflogisticsinfr

13、astructuremightpreventtherightgoodsfromreachingtheirdestinationsontimeQualityproblemswithmaterialsandpartsalsocancontributetodeficienciesinthesupplychainbullwhipeffectErraticshiftsinordersupanddownsupplychains,7-14,SupplyChainProblemsandSolutions,TheNeedforInformationSharingalongtheSupplyChainECSolu

14、tionsalongtheSupplyChainOrdertakingOrderfulfillmentElectronicpaymentsManagingriskInventoriescanbeminimizedCollaborativecommerce,7-15,KeyEnablingSupplyChainTechnologies:RFIDandRubee,radiofrequencyidentification(RFID)Tagsthatcanbeattachedtoorembeddedinobjects,animals,orhumansanduseradiowavestocommunic

15、atewithareaderforthepurposeofuniquelyidentifyingtheobjectortransmittingdataand/orstoringinformationabouttheobject,7-16,KeyEnablingSupplyChainTechnologies:RFIDandRubee,7-17,KeyEnablingSupplyChainTechnologies:RFIDandRubee,7-18,KeyEnablingSupplyChainTechnologies:RFIDandRubee,7-19,KeyEnablingSupplyChain

16、Technologies:RFIDandRubee,LIMITATIONSOFRFIDForsmallcompanies,thecostofthesystemmaybetoohighTherestrictionoftheenvironmentsinwhichRFIDtagsareeasilyreadDifferentlevelsofreadaccuracyatdifferentpointsalongthesupplychainConcernsovercustomerprivacyAgreeingonuniversalstandardsConnectingtheRFIDswithexisting

17、ITsystems,7-20,KeyEnablingSupplyChainTechnologies:RFIDandRubee,RuBeeBidirectional,on-demand,peer-to-peerradiatingtransceiverprotocolunderdevelopmentbytheInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers,7-21,KeyEnablingSupplyChainTechnologies:RFIDandRubee,7-22,CollaborativeCommerce,collaborativecommerce(

18、c-commerce)Theuseofdigitaltechnologiesthatenablecompaniestocollaborativelyplan,design,develop,manage,andresearchproducts,services,andinnovativeECapplicationscollaborationhubThecentralpointofcontrolforane-market.Asinglec-hub,representingonee-marketowner,canhostmultiplecollaborationspaces(c-spaces)inw

19、hichtradingpartnersusec-enablerstoexchangedatawiththec-hub,7-23,CollaborativeCommerce,7-24,CollaborativeCommerce,7-25,CollaborativeCommerce,gridcomputingAformofdistributedcomputingthatinvolvescoordinatingandsharingcomputing,application,data,storage,ornetworkresourcesacrossdynamicandgeographicallydis

20、persedorganizationsservice-orientedarchitecture(SOA)Anarchitecturalconceptthatdefinestheuseofservicestosupportavarietyofbusinessneeds.InSOA,existingITassets(calledservices)arereusedandreconnectedratherthanthemoretimeconsumingandcostlyreinventionofnewsystems,7-26,CollaborativeCommerce,RepresentativeE

21、xamplesofE-Collaborationvendor-managedinventory(VMI)ThepracticeofretailersmakingsuppliersresponsiblefordeterminingwhentoorderandhowmuchtoorderInformationsharingbetweenretailersandsuppliersRetailersuppliercollaborationLowertransportationandinventorycostsandreducedstockoutsReductionofdesigncycletimeRe

22、ductionofproductdevelopmenttime,7-27,CollaborativeCommerce,7-28,CollaborativeCommerce,BarrierstoC-CommerceMostorganizationshaveachievedonlymoderatelevelsofcollaborationbecauseof:Alackofinternalintegration,standards,andnetworksSecurityandprivacyconcerns,anddistrustoverwhohasaccesstoandcontrolofinform

23、ationstoredinapartnersdatabaseInternalresistancetoinformationsharingandtonewapproachesAlackofinternalskillstoconductc-commerce,7-29,CollaborativePlanning,CPFR,andCollaborativeDesign,collaborativeplanning,forecasting,andreplenishment(CPFR)Projectinwhichsuppliersandretailerscollaborateintheirplanninga

24、nddemandforecastingtooptimizeflowofmaterialsalongthesupplychain,7-30,CollaborativePlanning,CPFR,andCollaborativeDesign,7-31,CollaborativePlanning,CPFR,andCollaborativeDesign,7-32,CollaborativePlanning,CPFR,andCollaborativeDesign,advancedplanningandscheduling(APS)systemsProgramsthatusealgorithmstoide

25、ntifyoptimalsolutionstocomplexplanningproblemsthatareboundbyconstraints,7-33,CollaborativePlanning,CPFR,andCollaborativeDesign,7-34,CollaborativePlanning,CPFR,andCollaborativeDesign,productlifecyclemanagement(PLM)Businessstrategythatenablesmanufacturerstocontrolandshareproduct-relateddataaspartofpro

26、ductdesignanddevelopmentefforts,7-35,SupplyChainIntegration,HowInformationSystemsAreIntegratedInternalintegrationincludesconnectingapplicationswithdatabasesandwitheachotherandconnectingcustomer-facingapplications(frontend)withorderfulfillmentandthefunctionalinformationsystems(backend)Integrationwith

27、businesspartnersconnectsanorganizationssystemswiththoseofitsexternalbusinesspartners,7-36,SupplyChainIntegration,WebServicesAnarchitectureenablingassemblyofdistributedapplicationsfromsoftwareservicesandtyingthemtogetherIntegrationalongtheExtendedSupplyChainInformationintegrationalongtheextendedsuppl

28、ychainallthewayfromrawmaterialtothecustomersdoor,7-37,Corporate(Enterprise)Portals,corporate(enterprise)portalAgatewayforenteringacorporateWebsite,enablingcommunication,collaboration,andaccesstocompanyinformation,7-38,Corporate(Enterprise)Portals,TypesofCorporatePortalsTypesofgenericportalsPortalsfo

29、rsuppliersandotherpartnersCustomerportalsEmployeeportalsExecutiveandsupervisorportalmobileportalsPortalsaccessibleviamobiledevices,especiallycellphonesandPDAs,7-39,Corporate(Enterprise)Portals,TheFunctionalitiesofPortalsinformationportalsPortalsthatstoredataandenableuserstonavigateandquerythesedatac

30、ollaborativeportalsPortalsthatallowcollaboration,7-40,Corporate(Enterprise)Portals,7-41,Corporate(Enterprise)Portals,JustifyingPortalsPortalsofferbenefitsthataredifficulttoquantifyDevelopingPortalsManyvendorsoffertoolsforbuildingcorporateportalsaswellashostingservices,7-42,Collaboration-EnablingTool

31、s:FromWorkflowtoGroupware,WorkflowTechnologiesandApplicationsworkflowThemovementofinformationasitflowsthroughthesequenceofstepsthatmakeupanorganizationsworkproceduresworkflowsystemsBusinessprocessautomationtoolsthatplacesystemcontrolsinthehandsofuserdepartmentstoautomateinformationprocessingtaskswor

32、kflowmanagementTheautomationofworkflows,sothatdocuments,information,andtasksarepassedfromoneparticipanttothenextinthestepsofanorganizationsbusinessprocess,7-43,Collaboration-EnablingTools:FromWorkflowtoGroupware,TypesofWorkflowApplicationsCollaborativeworkflowProductionworkflowAdministrativeworkflow

33、Thebenefitsofworkflowmanagementsystemsinclude:CycletimereductionProductivitygainsImprovedprocesscontrolImprovedqualityofservicesLowerstafftrainingcostsLowermanagementcostsImprovedusersatisfactionMoreeffectivecollaborationandknowledgesharing,7-44,Collaboration-EnablingTools:FromWorkflowtoGroupware,gr

34、oupwareSoftwareproductsthatusenetworkstosupportcollaborationamonggroupsofpeoplewhoshareacommontaskorgoalSynchronousversusAsynchronousProducts,7-45,Collaboration-EnablingTools:FromWorkflowtoGroupware,ElectronicMeetingSystemsvirtualmeetingsOnlinemeetingswhosemembersareindifferentlocations,evenindifferentcountriesgroupdecisionsupportsystem(GDSS)Aninteractivecomputer-basedsystemthatfacilitatesthesolutionofsemistructuredandunstructuredproblemsbyagroupofdecisionmakers,7-46,Collaboration-EnablingTools:FromWorkflowtoGroupware,ElectronicT