高考英语阅读技巧.ppt

1、高考英语阅读技巧,CONTENT,高考阅读,4篇30分，25%题材多样，包括日常生活，传说，人物，社会，文化，史地，科技，政治，经济等；体裁多样，应包括记叙文，描写文，说明文，议论文，应用文等。,难点一词汇障碍,生词，熟词生义下题中划线的词可换为：NewYork,10November,5:27p.m.,yesterday.Biggestpowerfailureinthecityshistory.A.enoughB.notpassingC.lackofD.lack分析：本题正确答案为D。failure是fail变来的名词，有“失败；失败者；失败的事”的意思。本句powerfailure可翻译为“

2、停电”。再如：cropfailure“庄稼欠收”；heartfailure“心力衰竭”。,猜词义法一构词法,Exhibitionofficialssaidthatapersonbittenbyoneofthesesnakeswouldneedatleast80mlofananti-poisonmedicinetobesaved.分析：anti-poison是由poison加前缀anti-构成的，anti-意思是“反对、排斥、抵抗”，由此可猜出anti-poison是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。AlthoughsimplifiedChinesecharacterswereacceptedforusem

3、anyyearsago,itseemsthatmoreandmorepeoplelikeChinesecharactersinthecomplexform.分析：simplified跟simple是同根词，带有-ed显然是过去分词形式的形容词。许多年以前我们采用了什么跟“简单”有关的汉字呢？不难想到是“简化的”汉字。,猜词义法二利用常识经验,RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.Theunderlinedphrase“moppingup”

4、inthesecondparagraphmeans_.A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingup分析：本题正确答案为B。由常识可知，雨林可以“吸收”空气中CO2。所以mopup意为“吸收、吸纳”，故选B。,猜词义法三利用词性转换,TheagingofthepopulationwillaffectAmericansocietyinmanyways-education,medicine,andbusiness.Theunderlinedwork“aging”means_.A.countingthenumberofyearssomeonelivesB.th

5、enumbersofyearssomeonelivesC.becomingolderD.makingsomeonelookingolder分析：本题正确答案为C。我们熟悉的是age作名词用时是“年龄”的意思，而此处是作动词用，意思是“老化”。,难点二阅读速度慢,About2000words,60words/min,45min阅读方法耗费时间干扰项,阅读方法一先看题目,首先，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题其次，找出题眼，快速定位最后，能迅速了解文章内容，有利于排除干扰项（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容（3）与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动（4）在意思

6、上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反（5）部分正确，部分错误,阅读方法二略读，细读,略读（skimming）找关键词，找主题句，对名称、日期、地点多加留意细读（scanning）根据关键词，题眼找细节,阅读方法三把握文章特点,记叙文人物，时间，地点，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开议论文论点、论据、结论说明文下定义，举例子应用文广告、手册，提供信息，缩略词，语法简略，找关键词,题型,主旨题（包括加标题）细节题字面理解题推断题（包括词义，句义，观点态度）,主旨题,Questionforms:Themainidea/keypoint/purpose/subjectmatterofthispassageisth

7、at_.Fromthepassagewelearn/canconcludethat_.Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith_.Whatsthebesttitle/headlineforthepassage?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?Skills:Findouttopic/keysentences,主题句找法：,文章开头，结尾，中间（归纳，演绎）由若干中心句合并组成并无明显中心句，需要自己概括,2009年A篇,Thereisnoconvincingev

8、idencethatsocialconditioning,thefactthatgirlsmotherstalkedthemmore,isthereasonwhygirlstalkmorethanboys.PsychiatristDrMichaelLewis,authorSocialBehaviourandLanguageAcquisition,conductedexperimentsthatfoundmotherstalkedtoandlookedat,babygirlsmoreoftenthanbabyboys.Scientificevidenceshowsparentsresthebra

9、inbiasoftheirchildren.Sinceagirlsbrainisbetterorganizedtosendandreceivespeech,wethereforetalktothemmore.Consequently,motherswhotrytotalktotheirsonsareusuallypointedtoreceiveonlyshortgruntsinreply.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusmost?A.WomensbrainsarebetterorganizedforlanguageandcommunicationB.Womenlove

10、totalkbecausetheyaremoresociablethanmen.C.Mendonotliketalkingbecausetheyrelymoreonfacts.D.Socialconditioningisnotthereasonwhywomenlovetalking.选(A),练一练,Manypeoplethinkatelephoneisessential.ButIthinkitsapestandatimewaster.Veryoftenyoufinditimpossibletoescapefromsomeidleorcuriouschatterbox,orfromsomebo

11、dywhowantssomethingfornothing.Ifyouhaveatelephoneinyourownhouse,youwilladmitthatittendstoringwhenyouareasleep,ofinthemiddleofamealoraconversation,orwhenyouarejustgoingout,orwhenyouaretakingyourbath.Areyoustrong-mindedenoughtoignoreit,tosaytoyourself,“Ah,well,itwillallbethesameinahundredyearstime?”Yo

12、uarenot.Youthinktherearemaybesomeimportantnewsormessagesforyou.Icanassureyouthatifamessageisreallyimportantitwillreachyousoonerorlater.Haventyoueverrusheddrippingfromthebath,orchewingfromthetable,ordazedfromthebed,onlytobetoldthatyouareawrongnumber?Butyouwillsay,youneednothaveyournameprintedinthetel

13、ephonedirectory,andyoucanhaveatelephonewhichisonlyunableforoutgoingcalls.Besidesyouwillsay,isntitimportanttohaveatelephoneincaseofemergency-illness,anaccident,orfire?Ofcourseyouareright,buthereinathicklypopulatedcountrylikeEngland,oneisseldomfarfromatelephoneincaseofdreadfulnecessity.IthinkperhapsIh

14、adbettertrytojustifymyselfbytryingtoprovethatwhatIlikeisgood.Iadmitthatindifferentcircumstances-IfyouwereabusinessVIP,forinstance,orabedriddenperson-Imightfindatelephoneessential.ButthenifIwereataxidriver,Ishouldfindacaressential.Letmeputitanotherway:therearetwothingsforwhichtheEnglishseemtoshowpart

15、iculartalent.Oneismechanicalinvention,theotherisliterature.MyownbusinesshappenstobewiththeuseofwordsbutIseeImustnowstopusingthem.ForIhavejustbeenhandedaslipofpapertosaythatsomebodyiswaitingtospeaktomeonthetelephone.IthinkIhadbetteranswerit.Afterall,oneneverknows,itmaybesomethingimportant.,THEPASSAGE

16、ISMAINLYABOUT_.,A.thatweshouldbestrongenoughtoignoreaphonecallB.thatimportantmessagewillreachyousoonerorlaterC.whetheritsnecessarytoansweralltelephonecallsD.whetheritisnecessarytohaveatelephone分析：文章每一自然段的主题句分别是：1.Manypeoplethinkatelephoneisessential.ButIthinkitsapestandatimewaster.2.butinathicklypop

17、ulatedcountrylikeEngland,oneisseldomfarfromatelephoneincaseofdreadfulnecessity.3.IthinkperhapsIhadbettertrytojustifymyselfbytryingtoprovethatwhatIlikeisgood.4.Letmeputitanotherway.都是围绕是否有必要拥有电话而展开的，作者的观点很明确，就是没有必要拥有一部电话机，因此本题应选D。,加标题2011年A篇,分析：第一段由爱迪生、贝尔等著名发明家说起，引申到发明雨刮器、交通灯等这些不太有名的发明者，提出问题“难道我们不应该了

18、解他们么？”揭示了整篇的主题。第二段列举一位专门搜集整理发明家及其发明的研究者，解释这项工作的意义，那就是有助于激发学生的创造性。第三段回顾雨刮器的发明过程。第四段总结这些不起眼的发明对我们生活的影响。全篇都以雨刮器为例，讲述这项发明的来龙去脉以及意义所在，A项“帮助学生推销发明”文中没提到，B项与文章有关，但发明的方法不是本文重点，D项“是否应该在大学中推广发明课程”虽然与文章相关，但这个题目应该着重阐述发明课程的利弊，这显然与文章中雨刮器发明相差甚远，而C项紧扣第一段末尾的问题，故正确。,细节题,要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。大都根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、

19、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些需要在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。解题时，不必通篇细看，可采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语，以此为线索。想快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及细读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，对照比较，确定答案。,QUESTIONFORMS:,1.特殊疑问句形式：Accordingtothepassage,who/what/which/when/Where/why/how/howmany/howmuch/howlong/Howsoon/often2.是非

20、题形式：true/false或except?Accordingtothepassage,Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT_.3.填空题形式，如：（1）Toavoidattractingmountainlions,peopleareadvised_（2）Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat_（3）Itseemsthatnowacountryseconomydependsmuchon_.（4）Ifyouareinterestedinknowin

21、gaboutwhatpeopleslifewillbe,youmayvisit_.（5）Thepolicemanwhosaid“Goodevening”toRollswantedto_.,2009年C篇TRANSPORTGUIDE,Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat：ABusesarescheduledasusualonweekendsandpublicholidays.BRegularstudentsatQUTneedtobuyadulttickets.CPrepaidticketscanbeboughtfromthePublicTransportInformation

22、Centre.DTen-tripSaverscanbeusedatoff-peaktime.,ABusesarescheduledasusualonweekendsandpublicholidays(X)TEXT:Onweekendsandpublicholidaysbusesoperatelessfrequently.,BRegularstudentsatQUTneedtobuyadulttickets.(X)TEXT:Short-termstudentsatQUTcannotusetheirIDcardstogainadiscountfareonBCCpublictransport,CPr

23、e-paidticketscanbeboughtfromthePublicTransportInformationCentre.(X)TEXT:Pre-paidbusticketscanbepurchasedfromtheQUTbookshop，thecampusnewsagency,mostothernewsagenciesandgeneralstores，andanyBCCCustomerServiceCentre.Transportroutes,timetablesandfareinformationareavailablefromPTIC.,DTen-tripSaverscanbeus

24、edatoff-peaktime.(O)Text:Ten-tripSaver:10tripsatanytimewithinthezonesonbusesandferriesonly,练一练,HousepricesinEnglandincreasedsharplybetween1971and1972.ThefollowingrecordshowmuchahouseinCehlseaLondon,hadriseninpricesince1955.TakeNo29SmithTerraceforexample.In1955,JaneGreysolditfor2000.Mrs.BowenaBlackbo

25、ughtitfor4900andsolditnineyearslatertoBillandGreenWhitefor22950.Nowfouryearslater,in1972,thehouseisvaluedat30000.1.Thepriceofthehousewas_ashighin1972asintheyearJaneGreysoldit.A.abouttentimesB.twiceC.150percentD.fifteentimes2.Mrs.BowenaBlackmadeaprofitof_.A.2900B.8050C.7050D.18050,字面理解题,推断词义，句义理解语境，顺

26、蔓摸瓜Questionforms:Theword“”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_.Theword“”mostlikelymeans_.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“”standsfor?Bysaying“”wemean_.“”,asusedinthepassage,canbestbedefinedas_.,2010年A篇,Somefamilynamesweremadebyaddingsomethingtothefathersname.English-speakingpeopleaddedsorson.The

27、JohnsonaredescendantsofJohn,theRobertfamilysancestorwasRobert.IrishandScottishpeopleaddedMacorMcorO.PerhapsalloftheMacDonnellsandtheMcdonnellsandtheODonnellsaredescendantsofthesameDonnell.Theunderlinedword“descendants”inthelastparagraphmeansapersons_.A.latergenerationB.friendandrelativesC.colleagues

28、andpartnersD.latersponsors(A),练一练,Appletreesmaygrowastallastwelvemeters.Theydobestinareasthathaveverycoldwinters.Althoughnofruitisyieldedduringthewinter,thiscoldperiodisgoodforthetree.Thewordyieldedinthelastsentencemeans_A.improvedB.increasedC.producedD.sold选(C)Thiskindofflowerthrivesinthisareabecau

29、setheweatheriswarm,thesoilisexcellentandthereisalotofrain.A.growswellB.makesafewflowersC.diesD.failstogrow选(A),逻辑推断题,对作者意图、人物动机、事物发展趋势、因果关系做出合理推断。通篇阅读，不能断章取义；找出线索，不能凭空臆测。,QUESTIONFORMS:,常以infer，imply，indicate，suggest，conclude，learn，intendmean，describe，purpose等词提问；或含有表推测的情态动词，can，could，might，would等和其

30、他表示可能性的动词，如probably，mostlikely等。Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seenfromthepassagethat_.Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage?Thepassageimplies,butdoesntdirectlystatethat_.Thewritersuggeststhat_.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthetoneofthepassage?Thewriterspurpo

31、seinwritingthistextis_.,第一招注意连词使用,英语注重文章的结构性，汉语注重文章的逻辑性，所以英语中多用介词、连词，用来表示顺序、因果关系，连词在保持文章连贯衔接，表达作者意图方面起着重要作用，请体会：Neartheendofthelastyearinmiddleschool，mydadtookmetothewildliferefuge.Heneededtogetsomealligatorbloodtodotheexperiment.Atfirst，Ithoughtfishingforalligatorswasabadidea.Whatifonetriedtoeatme？

32、Butwehadalotofhelp，andmydadknewalotaboutalligators，soitwasOK.Whydidthewriterthinkthatfishingforalligatorswasabadideaatfirst？A.Becausethewriterwasafraidofthefiercealligators.B.Becauseweshouldprotectalligators.C.Becausethewriterwasnotasbraveashisfather.D.Becausethewriterknewlittleaboutalligators.,分析：通

33、过第一句可知这是倒叙。我们知道了结果：作者去了野生动物保护区。接下来是作者当初由反感、害怕到最后打消顾虑同意去。都是通过连接词atfirst，but，so等展开的。弄清了作者的思想波动就不难选出正确答案A了,第二招注意某些形容词和特殊句式,透过一些形容词可以看出作者的倾向，如：Isntthatwonderfulifwegettherebyair？(作者希望坐飞机去那里。)某些句型表面看上去是比较级，而实际上是最高级含义。Mymotherdecidedtotakemeonthetrip.Itcouldntbebetter.(Itcouldntbebetter=Itsgreat.意为“太好了”)某

34、些否定形式的句子实际上是肯定含义：Wecannotemphasizetheimportanceofprotectingourenvironmenttoomuch.(再怎么强调保护环境的重要性也不过分。)作者以这样的句子体现自己的观点：必须加大力度保护环境。注意虚拟语气的使用。HowIwishIhadpassedthedrivingtest.(我多么希望已通过了驾照考试呀！)此句暗含的事实是：并没通过考试。,第三招利用语境的褒贬性进行推断,2010年D篇High-speedRailway69.Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribestheauthorsattit

35、udetowardsChinashigh-speedrailwayplan?A.CriticalB.ReservedC.DoubtfulD.PositiveText:1.Imagine,oneday,gettingoutofbedinBeijingandbeingatyourofficeinShanghaiinonlyacoupleofhours,andthen,afterafulldayofwork,goingbackhometoBeijingandhavingdinnerthere.Soundsunusual,doesntit?Butitsnotthatunrealistic.,2.For

36、China,suchaprojectwouldnotonlyconnectitwiththerestofAsiaandbringsomemuch-neededresources,butwouldalsohelpdevelopChinasfarwest.分析：第一句中的only突出高铁的快捷，unusual和unrealistic表示对高铁速度之快的惊叹，第二句中helpdevelopChinasfarwest说明高铁能促进中国西部发展，这些都表明了作者对高铁工程的肯定和期盼，显然是褒义，所以选D.Positive。,练一练,Isitpossibletopersuademankindtolive

37、withoutwar?Warhasexistedforatleastsixthousandyears.Itwasalwaysevilandusuallyfoolish,butinthepastthehumanracemanagedtolivewithit.Modernskillhaschangedthis.Eithermanwillendwar,orwarwillendman.Forthepresent,itisnuclearweapons(核武器)thatcausethegreatestdanger,butbacteriologicalorchemicalweaponsmay,beforel

38、ong,offeranevengreaterthreat.Ifwesucceededinstoppingwar,therewouldbenodangerforus.Todothis,weneedtopersuademankindtolookuponinternationalquestionsinanewway,notbycontestsofforce,inwhichthevictorygoestothesidewhichismostskillfulinkillingpeople,butbytalkinginaccordancewithagreedrulesoflaw.Itisnoteasytochangeoldmentalhabits,butthisiswhatmustbeattempted.Somepeopleholdcompletelyfalseattitudestowardshowtopreventwar.Infact,theyarewillingtogotowarinsupporto