常见法律术语

1、labourlaws劳工法fiscallaw财政法 CivilSuitLaw,Codeofcivillaw民事诉讼法CriminalLaw刑事诉讼法MilitaryLaw军法ConscriptLaw兵役法CopyrightLaw著作权法penalcode刑法典 codeofmercantilelaw商法典civilrights民事权利,公民权利rightofasylum避难权 humanrights,rightsofman人权(customs)duties关税 deathduty,deathtax遗产税royalties版税管辖：jurisdiction 级别管辖：jurisdictionby

2、level地域管辖：territorialjurisdiction移送管辖：referraljurisdiction指定管辖：designationjurisdiction审判组织:trialorganization回避withdrawal 诉讼参加人participantsincourt诉讼当事人partiesincourt诉讼代理人agentsadlitem期间：timeperiodsconciliation 财产保全先予执行preliminaryexecution妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施：compulsorymeasuresagainstimpairmentofcivilactions诉讼

3、费：litigationcosts 第一审普通程序ordinaryprocedureoffirstinstance第二审程序procedureofsecondinstance起诉bringalawsuit受理acceptacase 开庭审理trialincourt 诉讼中止suspensionofalawsuit诉讼终止conclusionofalawsuit判决judgment裁定order 简易程序summaryprocedure特别程序specialprocedure 选民资格案件casesconcerningcertificatesofvoters宣告失踪proclamationofa

4、personasmissing宣告死亡proclamationofapersonasdead无民事行为能力incompetentforcivilconduct限制行为能力limitedcapacityforcivilconduct无主财产propertyofownerless执行申请applicationforexecution执行移转referralofexecution仲裁arbitration 司法协助judicialassistanceabsoluteproof绝对证明absoluteproperty绝对财产（权）abstractoftitle产权书摘要 accelerationcla

5、use提前（偿还）条款acceptance承诺 accidentreport事故报告accidentinsurance意外保险accusation指控；控告 accusatorialprocedure控告程序 accusatorialprocessofproof控告证明过程（程序）accusatorialsystem控告或诉讼程序accused被指控者accuser控告人 acknowledgement认知(书)acquittal无罪判决act条例 ActforthepreventionofFraudsandPerjuries预防诈欺和伪证条例action诉讼；作为actuallosses实际

6、损失adjudication裁决；裁定administrativelaw行政法 administrativelawjudge行政法法官administrativeprocedure行政程序administrator管理人；监管人admissible可采的 admissibility可采性admit采用；允许adoption收养 adulterousconduct通奸行为 advalorempropertytax从价财产税adversarialhearing对抗式听证会adversarialprocess对抗式程序adversary对手 adversarytrialsystem对抗式（或抗辩）审

7、判制度advocacy出庭辩护；诉讼代理advocate辩护人；诉讼代理人affidavit正式书面陈述affirm维持（原判） affirmation保证书；证词affirmative确保的agency（行政）机关 agencyaction机关（行政）机关agreeduponremedies补救协议agreement协议 agreement-as-written书面协议agreement-in-fact事实协议 alibi阿里白（不在犯罪场的证明）alienationofaffection离间夫妻关系allegation声称；指控allege诉称；指控 allegedoffense所控罪行a

8、lternatejuror替补陪审员amendment修正案 AmericanBarAssociation美国律师协会AmericanLawInstitute美国法学会analogy类推 Anglo-AmericanLegalSystem英美法系anonymousaccusation匿名控告appeal上诉appear出庭 appellant上诉人 appellateaction上诉行为appellatecourt上诉法院appellee被上诉人appealer上诉人appropriate拨款appurtenant附属物arbiter仲裁人arbitrary武断的 arbitration仲裁a

9、rraignment初审array陪审员名单arrest逮捕 arrestwarrant逮捕令（证）arrestee被捕人article条款，文章 articleofauthority授权条款articlesofconfederation联帮条例articlesofincorporation公司组织章程artificialperson法人 AsianAmericanlegaldefenseandeducationfund亚裔美国人法律辩护与教育基金会 assault意图或威胁伤害assert主张，宣称asset资产 assistantattorney助理法官associatejudge副法官a

10、ssociatejustice副大法官 assumption违约合同，违约赔偿之诉assumption假定attempt意图，企图 attemptedescape逃脱未遂attestation证词 attorney代理人，律师attorneyatlaw律师attorneygeneral检察长authentication鉴定 authority权力，法源，权威性依据automobileinsurance机动车保险automobiletort机动车侵权行为autonomy自治（权）ban禁令，禁止banishment流放bankruptcy破产 bankruptcydischarge破产债务解除b

11、ankruptcyjudge破产法官bar律师职业 barassociation律师协会barrister出庭律师battery殴打 benchtrial法官审 beneficiary受益人benefit收益，福得bigamy重婚罪billoflading提单 billofright人权法案bindover具保，具结binder临时保险单binding有约束力 bindingcontract有约束力的合同bindingforce约束力 bindinginterpretation有约束力的解释 black-letterlaw（普通接受之基本原则的）黑体字法blacknationbarassoci

12、ation全美黑人律师协会blueskylaw蓝天法（关于股票买卖控制的法律） BoardofGovernors（ABA）（美国律师协会的）董事会bodyoflaw法体bond债券；保释金 bondinstrument债券契据branding鞭笞 breach违约；破坏bride贿赂 bribery贿赂（罪） bright-linetest明显界限检验标准broker中间人 brokeragefee佣金；中介费 brother-sistercorporation兄弟公司；姊妹公司BulkSalesAct大宗销售条例burden责任 burdenofgoingforwardwiththeevidence先行举证责任burdenofpersuasion说服责任；证明责任burdenofproducingevidence举证责任burdenofproof证明责任burglary入室盗窃（罪）businesscorporation实业公司bu