http接口自动化测试框架实现

1、http接口自动化测试框架实现作者：张元礼/vincetest一、测试需求描述对服务后台一系列的http接口功能测试。输入：根据接口描述构造不同的参数输入值输出：XML文件eg:/xxx_product/test/content_book_list.jsp?listid=1二、实现方法1、选用Python脚本来驱动测试2、采用Excel表格管理测试数据，包括用例的管理、测试数据录入、测试结果显示等等，这个需要封装一个Excel的类即可。3、调用http接口采用Python封装好的API即可4、测试需要的http组装字符转处理即可5

2、、设置2个检查点，XML文件中的返回值字段（通过解析XML得到）；XML文件的正确性（文件对比）6、首次执行测试采用半自动化的方式，即人工检查输出的XML文件是否正确，一旦正确将封存XML文件，为后续回归测试的预期结果，如果发现错误手工修正为预期文件。（注意不是每次测试都人工检查该文件，只首次测试的时候才检查）三、Excel表格样式四、实现代码（代码才是王道，有注释很容易就能看明白的）1、测试框架代码pythonview plaincopy1. #*2. #TestFrame.py3. #Author:Vince4. #Version:1.1.25. #Date:2011-3-146. #De

3、scription:自动化测试平台7. #*8. 9. importos,sys,urllib,httplib,profile,datetime,time10. fromxml2dictimportXML2Dict11. importwin32com.client12. fromwin32com.clientimportDispatch13. importxml.etree.ElementTreeaset14. #importMySQLdb15. 16. #Excel表格中测试结果底色17. OK_COLOR=0xffffff18. NG_COLOR=0xff19. #NT_COLOR=0xf

4、fff20. NT_COLOR=0xC0C0C021. 22. #Excel表格中测试结果汇总显示位置23. TESTTIME=1,1424. TESTRESULT=2,1425. 26. #Excel模版设置27. #self.titleindex=3#Excel中测试用例标题行索引28. #self.casebegin=4#Excel中测试用例开始行索引29. #self.argbegin=3#Excel中参数开始列索引30. #self.argcount=8#Excel中支持的参数个数31. classcreate_excel:32. def_init_(self,sFile,dtitl

5、eindex=3,dcasebegin=4,dargbegin=3,dargcount=8):33. self.xlApp=win32com.client.Dispatch(et.Application)#MS:ExcelWPS:et34. try:35. self.book=self.xlApp.Workbooks.Open(sFile)36. except:37. print_error_info()38. print打开文件失败39. exit()40. self.file=sFile41. self.titleindex=dtitleindex42. self.casebegin=dc

6、asebegin43. self.argbegin=dargbegin44. self.argcount=dargcount45. self.allresult=46. 47. self.retCol=self.argbegin+self.argcount48. self.xmlCol=self.retCol+149. self.resultCol=self.xmlCol+150. 51. defclose(self):52. #self.book.Close(SaveChanges=0)53. self.book.Save()54. self.book.Close()55. #self.xl

7、App.Quit()56. delself.xlApp57. 58. defread_data(self,iSheet,iRow,iCol):59. try:60. sht=self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)61. sValue=str(sht.Cells(iRow,iCol).Value)62. except:63. self.close()64. print(读取数据失败)65. exit()66. #去除.067. ifsValue-2:=.0:68. sValue=sValue0:-269. returnsValue70. 71. defwrite_data(se

8、lf,iSheet,iRow,iCol,sData,color=OK_COLOR):72. try:73. sht=self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)74. sht.Cells(iRow,iCol).Value=sData.decode(utf-8)75. sht.Cells(iRow,iCol).Interior.Color=color76. self.book.Save()77. except:78. self.close()79. print(写入数据失败)80. exit()81. 82. #获取用例个数83. defget_ncase(self,iSheet):

9、84. try:85. returnself.get_nrows(iSheet)-self.casebegin+186. except:87. self.close()88. print(获取Case个数失败)89. exit()90. 91. defget_nrows(self,iSheet):92. try:93. sht=self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)94. returnsht.UsedRange.Rows.Count95. except:96. self.close()97. print(获取nrows失败)98. exit()99. 100. defget_

10、ncols(self,iSheet):101. try:102. sht=self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)103. returnsht.UsedRange.Columns.Count104. except:105. self.close()106. print(获取ncols失败)107. exit()108. 109. defdel_testrecord(self,suiteid):110. try:111. #为提升性能特别从For循环提取出来112. nrows=self.get_nrows(suiteid)+1113. ncols=self.get_ncols(

11、suiteid)+1114. begincol=self.argbegin+self.argcount115. 116. #提升性能117. sht=self.book.Worksheets(suiteid)118. 119. forrowinrange(self.casebegin,nrows):120. forcolinrange(begincol,ncols):121. str=self.read_data(suiteid,row,col)122. #清除实际结果123. startpos=str.find()124. ifstartpos0:125. str=str0:startpos

12、.strip()126. self.write_data(suiteid,row,col,str,OK_COLOR)127. else:128. #提升性能129. sht.Cells(row,col).Interior.Color=OK_COLOR130. #清除TestResul列中的测试结果，设置为NT131. self.write_data(suiteid,row,self.argbegin+self.argcount+1,OK_COLOR)132. self.write_data(suiteid,row,self.resultCol,NT,NT_COLOR)133. except:1

13、34. self.close()135. print(清除数据失败)136. exit()137. 138. #执行调用139. defHTTPInvoke(IPPort,url):140. conn=httplib.HTTPConnection(IPPort)141. conn.request(GET,url)142. rsps=conn.getresponse()143. data=rsps.read()144. conn.close()145. returndata146. 147. #获取用例基本信息Interface,argcount,ArgNameList148. defget_c

14、aseinfo(Data,SuiteID):149. caseinfolist=150. sInterface=Data.read_data(SuiteID,1,2)151. argcount=int(Data.read_data(SuiteID,2,2)152. 153. #获取参数名存入ArgNameList154. ArgNameList=155. foriinrange(0,argcount):156. ArgNameList.append(Data.read_data(SuiteID,Data.titleindex,Data.argbegin+i)157. 158. caseinfo

15、list.append(sInterface)159. caseinfolist.append(argcount)160. caseinfolist.append(ArgNameList)161. returncaseinfolist162. 163. #获取输入164. defget_input(Data,SuiteID,CaseID,caseinfolist):165. sArge=166. #参数组合167. forjinrange(0,caseinfolist1):168. ifData.read_data(SuiteID,Data.casebegin+CaseID,Data.argb

16、egin+j)!=None:169. sArge=sArge+caseinfolist2j+=+Data.read_data(SuiteID,Data.casebegin+CaseID,Data.argbegin+j)+&170. 171. #去掉结尾的&字符172. ifsArge-1:=&:173. sArge=sArge0:-1174. sInput=caseinfolist0+sArge#组合全部参数175. returnsInput176. 177. #结果判断178. defassert_result(sReal,sExpect):179. sReal=str(sReal)180.

17、 sExpect=str(sExpect)181. ifsReal=sExpect:182. returnOK183. else:184. returnNG185. 186. #将测试结果写入文件187. defwrite_result(Data,SuiteId,CaseId,resultcol,*result):188. iflen(result)1:189. ret=OK190. foriinrange(0,len(result):191. ifresulti=NG:192. ret=NG193. break194. ifret=NG:195. Data.write_data(SuiteI

18、d,Data.casebegin+CaseId,resultcol,ret,NG_COLOR)196. else:197. Data.write_data(SuiteId,Data.casebegin+CaseId,resultcol,ret,OK_COLOR)198. Data.allresult.append(ret)199. else:200. ifresult0=NG:201. Data.write_data(SuiteId,Data.casebegin+CaseId,resultcol,result0,NG_COLOR)202. elifresult0=OK:203. Data.wr

19、ite_data(SuiteId,Data.casebegin+CaseId,resultcol,result0,OK_COLOR)204. else:#NT205. Data.write_data(SuiteId,Data.casebegin+CaseId,resultcol,result0,NT_COLOR)206. Data.allresult.append(result0)207. 208. #将当前结果立即打印209. printcase+str(CaseId+1)+:,Data.allresult-1210. 211. #打印测试结果212. defstatisticresult(

20、excelobj):213. allresultlist=excelobj.allresult214. count=0,0,0215. foriinrange(0,len(allresultlist):216. #printcase+str(i+1)+:,allresultlisti217. count=countflag(allresultlisti,count0,count1,count2)218. printStatisticresultasfollow:219. printOK:,count0220. printNG:,count1221. printNT:,count2222. 22

21、3. #解析XmlString返回Dict224. defget_xmlstring_dict(xml_string):225. xml=XML2Dict()226. returnxml.fromstring(xml_string)227. 228. #解析XmlFile返回Dict229. defget_xmlfile_dict(xml_file):230. xml=XML2Dict()231. returnxml.parse(xml_file)232. 233. #去除历史数据expectreal234. defdelcomment(excelobj,suiteid,iRow,iCol,s

22、tr):235. startpos=str.find()236. ifstartpos0:237. str=str0:startpos.strip()238. excelobj.write_data(suiteid,iRow,iCol,str,OK_COLOR)239. returnstr240. 241. #检查每个item（非结构体）242. defcheck_item(excelobj,suiteid,caseid,real_dict,checklist,begincol):243. ret=OK244. forcheckidinrange(0,len(checklist):245. r

23、eal=real_dictchecklistcheckidvalue246. expect=excelobj.read_data(suiteid,excelobj.casebegin+caseid,begincol+checkid)247. 248. #如果检查不一致测将实际结果写入expect字段，格式：expectreal249. #将returnNG250. result=assert_result(real,expect)251. ifresult=NG:252. writestr=expect+real+253. excelobj.write_data(suiteid,excelob

24、j.casebegin+caseid,begincol+checkid,writestr,NG_COLOR)254. ret=NG255. returnret256. 257. #检查结构体类型258. defcheck_struct_item(excelobj,suiteid,caseid,real_struct_dict,structlist,structbegin,structcount):259. ret=OK260. ifstructcount1:#传入的是List261. forstructidinrange(0,structcount):262. structdict=real_

25、struct_dictstructid263. temp=check_item(excelobj,suiteid,caseid,structdict,structlist,structbegin+structid*len(structlist)264. iftemp=NG:265. ret=NG266. 267. else:#传入的是Dict268. temp=check_item(excelobj,suiteid,caseid,real_struct_dict,structlist,structbegin)269. iftemp=NG:270. ret=NG271. 272. returnr

26、et273. 274. #获取异常函数及行号275. defprint_error_info():276. Returntheframeobjectforthecallersstackframe.277. try:278. raiseException279. except:280. f=sys.exc_info()2.tb_frame.f_back281. print(f.f_code.co_name,f.f_lineno)282. 283. #测试结果计数器，类似Switch语句实现284. defcountflag(flag,ok,ng,nt):285. calculation=OK:l

27、ambda:ok+1,ng,nt,286. NG:lambda:ok,ng+1,nt,287. NT:lambda:ok,ng,nt+1288. returncalculationflag()2、项目测试代码pythonview plaincopy1. #-*-coding:utf-8-*-2. #*3. #xxx_server_case.py4. #Author:Vince5. #Version:1.06. #Date:2011-3-107. #Description:内容服务系统测试代码8. #*9. 10. fromtestframeimport*11. fromcommon_libim

28、port*12. 13. httpString=/xxx_product/test/14. expectXmldir=os.getcwd()+/TestDir/expect/15. realXmldir=os.getcwd()+/TestDir/real/16. 17. defrun(interface_name,suiteid):18. print【+interface_name+】+TestBegin,pleasewaiting.19. globalexpectXmldir,realXmldir20. 21. #根据接口名分别创建预期结果目录和实际结果目录22.

29、expectDir=expectXmldir+interface_name23. realDir=realXmldir+interface_name24. ifos.path.exists(expectDir)=0:25. os.makedirs(expectDir)26. ifos.path.exists(realDir)=0:27. os.makedirs(realDir)28. 29. excelobj.del_testrecord(suiteid)#清除历史测试数据30. casecount=excelobj.get_ncase(suiteid)#获取case个数31. caseinf

30、olist=get_caseinfo(excelobj,suiteid)#获取Case基本信息32. 33. #遍历执行case34. forcaseidinrange(0,casecount):35. #检查是否执行该Case36. ifexcelobj.read_data(suiteid,excelobj.casebegin+caseid,2)=N:37. write_result(excelobj,suiteid,caseid,excelobj.resultCol,NT)38. continue#当前Case结束，继续执行下一个Case39. 40. #获取测试数据41. sInput=httpString+get_input(excelobj,suiteid,caseid,caseinfolist)42. XmlString=HTTPInvoke(com_ipport,sInput)#执行调用43. 44. #获取返回码并比较45. result_code=et.fromstring(XmlString).find(result_code).text46. ret1=check_result(excelobj,suiteid,caseid,result_code,excelobj.retCol)47. 48. #保存预期结果文件4