节能建筑-柏林著名双层幕墙GSW总部大楼

1、The Tower of warm colorsAbout one kilometer east of Potsdams Platz, walking from the west to Checkpoint Charlie, which used to divide Berlin before the breakup of the Wall (Mauer), you are led to a remarkable building, the gigantic walls of which are painted with warm colors such as red, pink, orang

2、e and so on. This is the head office of GSW, the Housing and Urban Development Corporation of Germany. The extension was built as if to supplement the old 17-story building, which had been built in 1961, at the time when the Mauer was built. In 1991, immediately after the Berlin Wall came down, a de

3、sign competition was held and Sauerbruch-Hutton team was selected. But the municipal authorities were opposed to the plan to build any structure taller than 10 stories, so the construction finally started in 1995 and was completed in 1999 after much negotiation. % n K7 Y2 |- 3 n! j: a2 b/ r( | c& RC

4、omposition of the buildingThe GWW head office building is composed of four parts: the old one with a square plane design (floor space 10,000m2), the disciform Pillbox characterized by its green breast walls (1,300m2), the arcuate 22-story Slice, which is connected with the old building by an elevato

5、r-shaft (19,000m2), and the last one with the striking black walls which connects the three buildings along the north Kochstrasse (5,600m2). The greater part of these buildings is comprised office spaces and half of them are used by GSW, while the rest are rented.2 ; c7 W+ w/ T* H2 BAiming to cut en

6、ergy consumption by half$ _5 H k7 ?+ N5 Q4 B# L5 w/ qThe GSW head office aimed to reduce energy consumption to half of the energy normally used by ordinary high-rise buildings. In order to achieve this purpose, various techniques were adopted such as better insulation, prompting natural ventilation

7、in all the buildings, reducing artificial lighting, using the buildings inherent thermal mass, and atmosphere control by computers.Makes full use of natural wind and heat of the sun- A8 n, p8 q8 v( y+ PTrue to its nickname Slice, the tower part of the new building forms a long plane extending from n

8、orth to south. The buildings faces are quite different in its eastern and western sections. The architects maximized natural ventilation, that is, the use of sunlight and winds from the northeast, the more prevalent pattern in Berlin, thus allowing for direct-linearization from the east to the west

9、of the building., Q. c6 D) U 2 I- ?* Z- S; 9 e) 1 Y1 J% ; c3 _The construction of the computerized double skin2 o+ Wu5 X& V8 o! G3 AThe most eye-catching feature is the eastern glass-facade, made double skin at intervals of 0.9 meters. Between these double-skins are suspended vertical moving louvers

10、, which are colored red, pink, orange and so on. The louvers are made of 600 mm wide and 2900 mm high aluminum panels, which shut out unwanted light of the afternoon sun. The outer facade of the double skin is fixed, but the inner window can be opened. One can control natural ventilation of the floo

11、r by combined maneuvering of the windows on the eastern facade and the windows of the western facade. In the plan, natural ventilation is started when the room temperature is from 5 to 28 degrees; otherwise, air-conditioning will start automatically. In 1999 natural ventilation was used for 75% of t

12、he year and the building hardly saw the need to operate its air-conditioners.1 l) B% W |u$ GpM L: NThe inside of the double skin at the western facade forms a space, which reaches from the 5th floor to the top floor. Aside from the grating used for inspection, this integrated structure prompts upwar

13、d air current, with the structure working like a chimney. The wings installed at the loft creates a negative pressure which helps to draw in the air into the double skin. In both sides of the facade, computers operate the wings and louvers (only at the west) by means of sensors, which monitor the te

14、mperature and wind velocity. The computer programs are scheduled to become even more sophisticated when more data is accumulated. Computers, however, have priority in the eastern facade, but tenants have manual priority to open and close the windows in the western facade. 8 M3 J8 DP8 K$ V1 Q/ k2 I/

15、n; j I+ p/ U& X2 P: i Z# w6 tGlazing of the facades* C* E5 u. S$ ; z7 E tIn the western facade, outer glass panes are 10mm tempered, inner are Low-E with double-glazing ( u-value = 1.4 W/sqmK). The eastern facade is also a double-skin facade ( 20 cm ) which encloses the window blinds. The outer glas

16、s panes are 8 mm tempered, inner are double-glazed (u-value = 1.2 - 1.3W/sqmK) bottom-hinged in-swinging windows.Data of GSW headquarter Erweiterung GSW-Hauptverwaltung& l3 H; p* oO7 % * ?% S! L8 U$ b5 r1 L$ g-& x$ S7 M# d$ | o7 X Z% g% n/ y* 1 l- $ y- y6 Q1 B- jArchitecture 7 U! F- ?+ T. M. U. EAdd

17、ress Kochstrasse 22 6 _, $ w# I& g2 oArchitect Sauerbruch Hutton Architekten, Berlin/London & p- W Q! 5 o8 K& Y7 M7 2 FCompleted 1998 8 : ; |% d& n) cZFTotal Floor Area 30,000m2 , # 2 g# k6 Z% W7 BHeight 80m g/ v4 - K h: I1 l: wGlass ! / O/ 3 E7 zWestern Facade Outside tempered glass / o0 w1 t- P. a

18、& p: a5 S10mm tempered glass # U8 1 HL+ m+ S) Q2 n1 4 ZWestern Facade Inside Double glazing / c: hj. U) X1 0 9 tC6mm Low-E glass + 12mm air-space + 8mm float glass - c# f$ H$ s; |Eastern Facade Outside tempered glass 9 W: F3 A/ g. E$ J7 TO8mm tempered glass 4 LU- . H1 6 : _8 lEastern Facade Inside D

19、ouble glazing , V; u& I& ! m) N4 i3 i8mm float glass + 14mm air-space with Argon gas filled + 6mm Low-E glassAn amoeba of an industry and development park$ k$ s |H1 f3 oQ6 f$ z+ CThe Innovationszentrum Photonics (Photonics Innovation Center) characteristic shape was constructed as a part of WISTA, i

20、n which the former airport and center of aircraft industries would be transformed into a high-tech industrial park of research and development for optical, electronic, and laser technologies. In the design competition of 1995, the plan submitted by Sauerbruch & Hutton was selected to build, this com

21、plex. The Photonik is made up of two, amoeba-like structures: a smaller flat-roofed building for conducting experiments, and a three-story building housing research laboratories. The buildings are connected by an underground passage. It was necessary that the research wing should be divided into sev

22、eral parts of various sizes in order to lease them to various users. So the design adopted for the buildings matches the requirement for an efficient use of the spaces, connecting them with a passageway. 5 e( H H( W1 X QJ8 Q5 P* N& c. E6 E, q* b8 J 6 W4 e2 p e/ - n7 uInside of Research laboratories*

23、 R0 # 9 b1 j kPhoto by Aoki Tsukasa , C O, w3 oM5 B* Colorful double skin7 A6 , C * |5 zIn the Research and Development Wing, all the walls except a part of the entrance hall are of double skin structure in order to secure thermal insulation and natural ventilation as necessary. In order to divide t

24、he place into several units for leasing, the double skin is composed of various units (of 3.75m in total length): the first part of this unit has three vertical layers and is 75cm wide, with two pierced RC pillars, and the second part of the unit has a width of 75cm, which are located both to the ri

25、ght and left of the first section, so the total width of a unit becomes 3.75m. The 75cm-section is both the main structure and the exhaust shaft, and the parts extending both to the left and right are used for inner openings and air intake. + The gap between the inner and outer layer of the double skin is ca.80cm. Several colored window blinds are installed on