《京华烟云》中姚木兰和《简爱》中简的比较

1、1综述国内外研究现状：姚木兰是京华烟云中的一位女主人公,是新知识加旧道德式的贤妻良母,是林语堂心中的完美女性。简爱是夏洛蒂借一个出身寒微的年轻女子奋斗的经历，抒发了自己胸中的积愫，塑造了一个不屈于世俗压力，独立自主，积极进取的女性形象。小说中简爱对罗切斯特的爱情故事，生动地展现了的那火一样的热情和赤诚的心灵，强烈地透露出她的爱情观。纵使岁月流逝,京华烟云的主人公姚木兰与简爱中的主人公简爱仍然是东西方文化中的两位经典女性形象。有的学者尤为赞赏木兰在婚姻中的体现的中国传统文化的智慧与豁达,也有的学者极力推崇简爱处理爱与婚姻的果断与执着,认为木兰远远不如简爱的勇敢与独立。研究目的和意义：本文将林语堂

2、的京华烟云与英国19世纪第一部女性主义文学作品夏洛蒂勃朗特的简爱中的主人公简爱进行比较,阐述了中西方两种不同文化传统,不同时代背景下造就的女性的爱情婚姻观,并进一步剖析了两位女主人公最终难以逃脱男权本位制的命运。重点、难点和创新点：重点 ：对中西方两种不同文化传统中爱情婚姻观的比较难点 ：怎样更深层地通过两部作品中女主人公的生平经历和性格思想的塑造来分析中西方不同文化传统中女性爱情观的异同。创新点 ：深层分析木兰与简爱的性格思想不同塑造预期的结果 ：本研究从两部作品中女主人公不同的生活经历和不同的性格思想的塑造和熏陶，还有不同的文化传统打背景下的女性思想等方面来分析中西方女性的爱情观，并总结出

3、两者的联系与差异。更加科学辨证的对待中西方差异，并为女性在爱情婚姻观方面提出相关有益建议，从中西方婚姻观中剔除糟粕，取其精华。期望通过本研究能使人们对中西方不同的爱情观有全面的、系统的认识。辨证客观地对待中西方爱情婚姻观的差异。2论文提纲1 引言2 姚木兰的人生经历2.1充满道教色彩的一生2.2儒道并存，中西融合的成长新女性2.3富贵如浮云，洗尽铅华后的质朴与坚忍3 简的人生经历4 木兰所受思想的熏陶5 简所受思想的熏陶 5.1在盖兹海德5.2在劳沃德学校5.3在桑菲尔德5.4在莫尔屋6 木兰的爱情7 简的爱情8 两个女主人公爱情的共同局限性8.1她们选择爱情的原因8.2两个女主人公局限性的相

4、似性9 结语3论文写作进度安排09年11月24日-11月28日 完成论文开题报告.11月28日-12月15日 与指导教师落实大纲。12月0日-12月31日 完成论文初稿。10年5月5日-5月5日 与指导教师沟通，在教师指导下修改论文初稿。5月5日-5月12日 充实论文内容,修改并完成二稿。5月18日-5月18日 在导师指导下修改并完成论文三稿。5月19日-5月19日 完成定稿。4 参考文献1 Delauretis Teresa. Feminist Studies/Critical StudiesM 1986.2 Charlotte Bronte. Jane EyreM.The Ballanty

5、ne Press,1927.3 Vicinus, Marthaed. Suffer and be Still: Woman in the Victorian Age.BloomingtoM.Indiana University press,1972.4 Lin Yutang,.Moment of Peking M.文学出版社, 1987.5 贺岚.另类视角下的简爱形象分析 M. 文学出版社，2007.6 林语堂.京华烟云M .文学出版社,1987.7 黄炎权.京华烟云:道学的超然与歧惑 J.广东广播电视大学学报,2001(4). 8 孟弘.京华烟云中的姚木兰与林语堂的人生哲学观 J .济源职业

6、技术学院学报,2003(3).9 郭英剑.男性与女权主义文学批判述评 J.现代外语,1997(3). 10 吴伟仁.英国文学史与选读M.上海外语教学与研究出版社,2001.11 童庆炳.文学概论M.武汉大学出版社,20001.12 刘丹,张亚春 浅谈简.爱人物形象的审美意义M. 内蒙古民族大学学报. 2008(9).13 崔丽群. 林语堂京华烟云中姚木兰的人物形象分析 J. 林区教学. 2008(7).5指导教师意见： 指导教师：_ 年 月 日6系部审查意见： 系部负责人：_ 年 月 日ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My deepest gratitude goes first and f

7、oremost to Miss Du, my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guidance. She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis, and her ever-useful advice frequently prompted to probe deeper and to broach ideas previously closed off my vision. Without her consistent and illum

8、inating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form. Second, I would like to express my heartful gratitude to Mr Yu, who led me into the world of choosing the proper topic of the thesis, no matter how late the night went down, he tried his best to help me and gave me some advice

9、 till I finally fixed the topic of the thesis. I am also greatly indebted to the professors and teachers at the Department of English:Professor Fang, Miss Liu, who have instructed and helped me a lot in the past two years. All their enterprising spirit sets a good example for me to follow. Last my t

10、hanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends, especially to Wang Weiqing and Li xiuli, who helped me a lot along the whole process of this writing, and my fellow classmates who ga

11、ve me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.摘 要 姚木兰是京华烟云中的一位女主人公，林语堂先生最推崇姚木兰，姚木兰可以说是他心中理想女性的化身，是“新知识加旧道德”式的贤妻良母，是林语堂心中的完美女性。简爱主要通过简.爱是一个出生低微、生活道路曲折，却始终坚持维护独立人格、追求个性自由、主张人生平等、不向人生低头的坚强女性。本文将京华烟云与英国19世纪第一部女性主义文学作品夏洛蒂勃朗特的简爱中

12、的主人公简.爱进行比较。阐述了中西方两种不同人生经历、不同文化传统、不同思想熏陶、不同时代背景下造就的女性不同的爱情婚姻观，并进一步剖析了两位女主人公爱情观的局限的相似性，并揭示了两位女主人公最终无法逃脱男权本位主义的命运。关键词：简爱； 姚木兰； 爱情； 婚姻； 相似性； 男权本位主义ABSTRACT Yao Mulan is the heroine of Moment In Peking, Lin Yutang sang high praise for Mulan and considered Mulan as the embodiment of the ideal lady in his

13、 innermost heart. Mulan is the virtuous wife and good mother of “ new knowledge and outdated morality” and the ideal lady of Lin Yutang. Jane Eyre creats a brave female who was born humble and had a winding life path while she held on to safeguard individual personality, pursued free development of

14、individualities, maintained the equality of life, and never gave up to hard life. The research compares Mulan in Moment in Peiking with Jane in Jane Eyre which is the first feministic literary work in 19th century written by Charlotte Bronte and amplify the different life experiences of Mulan and Ja

15、ne, different culture traditions between East and West, different versions of love and marriage in different time-backgrounds. Further more, the research parses the similarity of two heroines common limitations of love and shows that the two heroines couldnt escape from the destiny of male-chauvinis

16、m.Key words: Jane Eyre; Mulan; Love; Marriage; similarity; male-chauvinismCONTENTSAcknowledgements.iAbstract in Chinese.iiAbstract in English.iii1 Introduction.12 Life experience of Mulan.2 2.1. Mulans life full of Taoism.2 2.2. New woman of Taoism and Confusian, East and West.3 2.3. Being simple an

17、d tough after excessive magnificences.43 Life experience of Jane.44 Thought edification of Mulan.75 Thought edification of Jane.8 5.1. In Gateshead.8 5.2. In Lowood School.9 5.3. In Thornfield.9 5.4. In Moor House.106 Love of Mulan.117 Love of Jane.128 The common limitations of love of two heroines

18、.13 8.1 The reason for them to choose love.14 8.2 The similarities of common limitations of two heroines.169 Conclusion.17Bibliography.18A Comparative Study of Mulan in Moment in Peking And Jane in Jane Eyre1 Introduction Moment in Peking which is broadly considered as the Dream of Red Mansion in Ch

19、ina of the 1930s is carefully flowered in the garden of Chinas modern novel. The heroine Yao Mulan is the woman that is beloved by Lin Yutang. She is not only elegant, gentle, clever, brave and strong but also generous and humanitarian. According to Mulans life, what most makes people admire is her

20、attitude to love and her choice of marriage. When love is coming, she shows her braveness, cleverness and passion; but when marriage conflicts with love, she is able to accept her own marriage peacefully and calmly and grasp her own happiness. People has such a feeling that If I were a woman I would

21、 like to be Mulan. Jane Eyre is the representative work of Charlotte Bronte who is a literature writer of Critical Realism in 19th century in Britain. It was a turbulent era in Britain, along with the rapid development of capitalism, the class conflicts were intensifying and soon the historical Char

22、tist Movement broke out. The book molds the image of female who dared to resist and struggle for freedom and equality in the face of social unfairness successfully. And it shows the arousal of female awareness in 19th century. It plays an intensive role in promoting the spirit of femalespursuing fre

23、edom and self-empowerment. The spirit of not yielding in face of pressure and daring challenging frustrations is precious all the time. The research paper compares Mulan in Moment in Peiking with Jane in Jane Eyre which is the first feministic literary work in 19th century written by Charlotte Bront

24、e and amplifies the different cultural traditions between East and West, different versions of love and marriage in different time-backgrounds. Further more, the research paper parses the male-chauvinism fate that two heroines couldnt escape.2 Life experience of Mulan The entire novel has gone throu

25、gh several period spans, from Kuang Hsu to the National Revolution to all the people. On one hand, it shows the particular background in historically specific times in Peking, on the other hand, from the ups and downs of Mulan, from a rich girl enjoying comfortable life to a countrywoman leading a m

26、ountain elegant life and at last, she became a member of the common people. Gradually, we can see the spirit sublimation of Mulan during her growing and mature transition when having a grasp on the fate of key national crisis.2.1 Mulans life full of Taoism Yao Sze-an believes in Taoist culture faith

27、fully and is a royal practitioner. Taoism influenced Mulan deeply and penetrated all her life. In the beginning of the story, before escaping to the south, the father taught Mulan the attitude that regarded antiques as waste, he said “Luck , or fochi, is not something that happened to a man from the

28、 outside, but is within him. To enjoy any form of luck or earthly happiness, a man has to have the character to enjoy and keep it. For one qualified for luck, jars of water will turn into silver; and for one who is not qualified, jars of silver will turn into water.” These words always came into Mul

29、ans mind, Taoist planted the seeds in her heart from childhood. Throughout Mulans life, it is the use of Taoist thought in the process of understanding of life: When she was ten, she was seperated from her family on their way to the south, and was sold to human traffickers by the Boxers, and at last

30、, she was saved by the Tsangs. From the start, she was frightened, and then she made the best of things when facing kinds of changes. After being saved, she was curious about fate. This legendary experience cultivated Mulans personality. She always believed in destiny and was in the course of nature

31、 of Taoism, so even if she was in love with Kung Lifu, she obeyed the orders of her parents and married Sunya who loved her. Not bad, the marriage turned out to be good. Mulans spiritual realm increasingly opened afer a range of ups and downs : the same tour with Lifu to visit the First Emperor Word

32、less Tablet of Thai Mountain, the pain of losing her daugher in 8th March, immigration to Hangzhou, fleeing from the war In the constant experience of living, she comprehended the meaning of life more and more deeply and obtained Taoism awareness surpassing herself and reached a higher realm of life

33、.2.2 New woman of Taoism and Confucian, East and West Mulan was not only the daugher of a Taoist but also the daugher-in-law of Confucianism, she made the best use of both Taoism and Confucianism and was the amalgamation and complementation of Taoism and Confucianism. No matter what role in life she

34、 was playing, Mulan was successful. As a daughter of a Taoist, she was popular by both old and new of the Yaos. As a daugher-in-law, she made all thingsof the Tsengs in good order . Mulan achieved alternating for both Confucianism and Taoism. Meanwhile, Mulan is also a new woman under the impact of

35、two kinds of ideas both in East and West. She was born in a Taoist family and married in a Confucianist one and she once went to New Learning school in Tianjing and was also impacted by Lifus new ideas. So, Mulan was the combination of Taoism and Confucianism, new ideas and old tradition, and achiev

36、ed amalgamation of East and West. For love and marriage, on the one hand, she obeyed “parenting orders” and married SunYa and tried to play the role of a virtuous wife and good mother to maintain a happy and beautiful marriage. On the other hand, in her innermost heart, there was always a place for

37、Lifu, this is a deep undercurrents of love. When LiFu was caught in jail, she chould disregard her own safety to intercede for Li Fu, holding the idea of sacrificing everything. This not only shows self-sacrifice in Chinese Traditional Culture, but also expresses modern culture on its own way of lov

38、e and courage. But in terms of ideology, although in the “3.18” Tragedy, she lost her daugher A-Man, she had not the slightest political awareness, simply poured her own pain from the maternal point of view. But in later en route, she had already gone through humiliation and resentment of home and c

39、ountry. This supremacy of the East of the traditional family ethics and modern culture of love supreme, personal pain of losing daugher and natioanl patriotism achieved coexistence and blending.2.3 Being simple and tough after excessive magnificences Lin Rusi, the son of Lin Yutang summarized life c

40、hanges of Mulan in the preface of Moment of Peking : From enjoying the material well-being of all, then being the village women leading a quiet mountain life to finally being a common peasant, Mulan, at last, becomes courageous as one of the great drops in the sea of people. Yao Mulan adored landsca

41、pe and nostalgic nature from childhood, therefore, after losting her daughter, she was willing to give up the life of sumptuous food and luxurious clothings and led a secluded life in Hangzhou with Sun Ya. However, in the era of great turmoil, this Taoist life was short-lived bubble of Happiness. Wh

42、en the State and nation was at the survival of the moment, she did not choose to escape and hold back, but with the awe-inspiring andextraordinary determination she sent the only son of her own to the anti-Japanese war. Meanwhile, she accepted and helped orphans on the way of fleeing. At last, she i

43、ntegrated herself into the flood of the national war of resistance, and she became a member of the ordinary people. The spirit of Mulan completed the rehabilitation course. Perhaps, only by faded excessive magnificence can Mulan hold more simple and touch meaning of life and get the perfect vitality

44、. All in all, as a new women who was born in wealth and finally attributed to the original simplicity of life, Yao Mulan grew up in the age of changes. All embody the ideal of human nature of Lin Yutang.3 Life experience of Jane Jane Eyre, creats a brave female who was born humble and suffered a lot

45、 while persisted in maintaining an independent personality, pursuing individual freedom, advocating equality of life and never bowing to life by the way of a love story full of twists and turns between Jane and Rochester. Jane lived in an environment of losing both parents and subjugation. From an e

46、arly age, she suffered different from her peers: Aunts cold-shoulder, cousins contempt, insults and beatings, etc. However, she didnt feel despaired, she was not self-destructive, she did not sink into degradation. All the sufferings, on the contrary, exchanged Janes unlimited confidence, strong ded

47、ication, invincible inherent personality. Jane Eyre spent her childhood life in her adoptive mothers home in Gateshead. She was not gregarious, and couldnt be respected by any others. However, she was not reconciled to it, she strived to surpass others to prove that she was not a bad girl. While, sh

48、e was sent to charity school-Lowood School. The diet there was poor, the accommodation was even poorer. The daily food was not only less but also burned. What they wore was the worst. The school principle was a priest called Blocker Hurst who was very vicious and extremely harsh when developing scho

49、ol regulations for the students. For example: Students can not wear curly hair including natural curly hair, nor pigtails. One should sew and mend by herself when the thin socks were worn out. However, the principle thought these requirements were the obligations and virtues of Christian and he cons

50、idered childrens very common things in life as secular arrogance Also he regarded rags as due plain, and he considered sufferings of children as a way of cultivating tenacious will. All of these made anyone who approched the school feel indignant. Lowood School seemed to be a prison which kept those

51、 girls locked up in pain and also it liked a stove which inspired the fury of resistance in Jane Eyre. She took up the cudgels against the injustice dont to what happened to Helen Burns. And she told her that the loved one must love and it was necessary to hate those who hate. One should not bound h

52、is own feeling in front of his power. In one spring, horrible plague spred in the Lowood, typhus was blown to crowded classrooms and dormitories. Not until May, the school became hospical and Janes friend died. Lowood had to close after the exposure of terrible sanitary conditions. Some rich people

53、again funded the construction of a new school, there was a favourable turn in Janes life. Later, Jane lived through the joy, pain and all sorts of twists and turns, trying to find her hearts share of love. Unfortunately, in learning life, Jane Eyre still bore both the physical punishment and the men

54、tal humiliation. Brockleuhurst, a donor of the school, not only slandered her in the presence of all the teachers and students but also placed her on the humiliation stage to show others and that made her lose face. However, Jane Eyre was still firm and inflexible, and she turned grief into strength

55、. Not only made big progress in learning, but also she made all the teachers and students understand. Being tired of the life of the Orphanage, Jane advertised to seek for professional tutor. In Thornfield, Jane was employed. It is in Thornfield that Jane fell in love. (The detailed information will be descried in latter part: Love of Jane.) With strong personality, she also maintaine