实验诊断习题

1、-考试题库(第2版)一、名词解释(包括定义和主要临床意义)1.实验诊断(Laboratory diagnosis)2.全面质量管理(Oracle total quality management，TQM)3.循证医学(evidence based medicine，EBA)4.重要价值(critical value)5.医疗决策级别(medical decision level)红细胞计数(red blood cell count，RBC)红细胞容积(hemotocrit，Hct；打包的单元卷、PCV)8.网状红细胞计数(reticulocyte count，Ret)9.红细胞容积分布宽度(r

2、ed blood cell volume distribution width，RDW)10.白细胞绝对值(absolute value of WBC)11.白细胞分类数(Differential count，DC)12.目标红细胞(target cell)13.球形红细胞(spherocyte)14.多色红细胞(polychromatic erythrocyte)15.高色素红细胞(hypochromic erythrocyte)16.嗜碱点火(basophilic stippling)17.染色质小型体(Howell-Jolly)18.卡波环(Cabot rings)19.核红细胞(nuc

3、leated erythrocyte)中毒粒子(toxic granulation)21.空化(vacuole degeneration)22.杜雷切(多伊尔波泰斯)23.核变性(degeneration of nucleus)24.线型(auer bodies)25.外星人淋巴细胞(atypical lymphocyte)26.向左移动核(nuclear shift to left)27.核右移(nueclear shift to right)28.分割池(mitotic pool)29.存储池(storage pool)30.边池(vessel wall)白血病反应(leukemoid r

4、eaction)32.红细胞沉降速度erythrocyte sedimentation rate，ESR)33.骨髓穿刺(bonemarow puncture)34.骨髓增生程度(proliferative degree)35.颗粒赤壁(myelid erythroid ratio，m: e)36.细胞化学染色(cyto-chemical stain)37.peroxidase stain，POX38.中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶染色(nap)的研究进展骨髓纤维化(myelofibrosis，MF)40.骨髓增生异常综合征(myelodysplastic syndrome，MDS)41.巨幼红细胞性贫

5、血(MA)42.再生障碍性贫血(AA)43.出血时间(Bt)44.捆绑臂测试(capillary fragility test，CFT)45.血液回退测试(clot retraction test，CRT)46.大血小板比率(platelet large cell ratio，P-LCR)47.部分凝固酶时间活化(aptt)48.凝血酶原时间(pt)49.凝固时间(clotting time，CT)50.国际标准化速率(INR)51.血浆纤维蛋白原assay (FBG)52.凝血酶时间测量(thrombin time，TT)53.D-二聚体(D-dimer，DD)54.纤维蛋白(原始)分解物(

6、fibrinogen degradation product，fdps)55.血浆精蛋白反应和测试(plasma proamine para coabout，3p测试)56.原发性纤溶酶(primary hyperfibrinolysis)57.第二次纤维蛋白溶解(secondary hyperfibrinolysis)58.血型(blood group)59.ABO血型物质(ABO blood group substance)60.(血型)天然抗体(blood group natural antibody)61.(血型)免疫抗体(blood group immunologic antibod

7、y)62.交叉血液(cross matching)63.成分输血(component blood transfusion)64.随机尿(random urine)65.饭后尿(urine after meal)66.新鲜尿(fresh urine)67.多尿(polyuria)68.小便池(oliguria)69.无尿(anuria)70.前肾小便器(prerenal oliguria)71.肾小便池(renal oliguria)72.肾后性小便池(postrenal oliguria)73.暂时性多尿(temporary polyuria)74.血尿(hematuria)75.肉眼血尿(g

8、ross hematuria)76.显微镜血尿77.均匀血尿(homogenicity hematuria)78.异种血尿(heterogeneity hematuria)79.肾小球血尿(glomerular hematuria)80.非肾小球血尿(non-glomerular hematuria)81.血红蛋白尿(hematoglobinuria)82.肌红蛋白尿(myoglobinuria)胆红素尿(bilirubinus)84.乳糜泻85.乳糜泻(血液流变学)脂肪尿(lipiduria)87.脓尿(pyuria)88.细菌尿(巴氏杆菌)蛋白尿(proteinuria)90.选择性蛋白尿

9、(selective proteinuria)91.非选择性蛋白尿(non-selective proteinuria)92.肾小球性蛋白尿(glomerular proteinuria)93.肾小管蛋白尿(tubular proteinuria)94.混合蛋白尿(mixed proteinuria)95.溢出蛋白尿(overflow proteinuria)96.本周蛋白质(Bence-Jones protein)97.组织蛋白尿(histic proteinuria)98.伪蛋白尿(false protei nuria，psudoproteinuria)99.糖尿病(false prote

10、inuria)；(pseudoproteinuria)100.肾糖尿病(renal glucosuria，renal glycosuria)101.酮症尿病102.小便池密度(urine specific density)103.红细胞浅阴影(blood shadow)104.脂肪颗粒细胞(fatty granule cell)105.管道(cast)106.透明管(hyaline cast)107.粒子管(granular cast)108.细胞管(cellular cast)109.renal tubular epithelial cell cast(肾小管上皮细胞管)110.红细胞管(r

11、ed cell cast)111.白血球管(white cell cast)112.混合管(mixed cast)113.蜡状管子(waxy cast)114.地方官(fatty cast)115.宽管(broad cast)116.细菌管(bacterial cast)117.crystal cast118.微量白蛋白尿(trace quantity albuminuria)119.过滤钠排泄分数(fractional exretion of filtrate d sodium，fena)120.亚硝酸盐测试(nitrites test)121.沥青采样器(tarry stool)122.白

12、色粘土取样器(acholic stool)123.水稻取样器(rice water stool)124.带有水滴和瀑布(stool with blood and pus)125.潜血测试(occult blood test)126.沙考-莱顿结晶(Charcot-Leydenerstal)127.脑脊液(Cerebrospinal fluid，CSF)128.黄辩证地(xanthochromia)129.Pandy测试(Pandy test)130.浆液渗出液(serous membrane fluid)131.流出(transudate)132.渗出液(exudate)133.粘液定性测试(

13、Rivalta test)134.乳房性渗出液(chylous exudate)135.脓性渗出液(purulent exudate)136.血液渗出液(hematodes exudate)137.脑脊液细胞蛋白质分离现象138.固定液化时间(semen liquefaction time)139.无精子症(azoospermia)140.无固定费用(aspermia)141.精子活力(sperm motility)142.精子运动率(sperm activate rate)143.固定费用(semen)144.畸形精子(teratospermia)145.阴道清洁度(cleanness)14

14、6.阴道分泌物(vaginal discharge)147.前列腺液(prostatic fluid)148.心肌肌钙蛋白(cTn)149.肌红蛋白(myoglobulin，Mb)肌酸激酶(creatine kinase，CK)151.利钠肽(natriruetic peptides，NP)152.B型利钠肽(B类natriuretic peptide，BNP)153.氮末b型利钠肽(NT-pro-BNP)154.前白蛋白(Prealbumin，PA)155.白蛋白/球蛋白比例(albumin/globulin，A/G)156.间接胆红素(indirect bilirubin，IBIL)157

15、.直接胆红素(direct bilirubin，DBIL)158.合并胆红素(conjugated bilirubin，CB)159.总胆汁酸(TBA)160.丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)161.天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)162.AST/ALT163.碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosohate，ALP)164.-glutamyl transferase(-glautamyltransferase，-gt/GGT)165.前胶原氨基末端肽(pro coll gen-peptide，p p)166.胶原蛋白(collagen type，C)167.透明质酸(hyaluronic acid，HA)168.层粘连蛋白(laminin，LN)169.分离胆汁药(enzyme bilirubin separate)170.-桥(-桥)171.肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate，GFR)172.肾脏移除率(clearance rate)173.血清肌酐(serum creatinine，Scr)174.内生肌酐清除率(endogious creatin