财务状况变化

1、CHAPTER TWO Changes in Financial Position,第二章 财务状况的变化,Key Terms Introduced or Emphasized in Chapter 2 (P74),Account 账户 Accountability 会计责任 Accounting cycle 会计循环 Chart of accounts 会计科目表 Credit 贷 Database 数据库 Debit 借 Double-entry accounting 复式记账 Footing 合计 General journal 普通日记账,Key Terms Introduced or

2、 Emphasized in Chapter 2 (P74),journal 日记账 Ledger 分类账 Posting 过账 Trial balance 试算平衡表,In this chapter we illustrate the accounting cycle - the procedures used by a business to record, classify, and summarize the effects of business transactions in its accounting records. 本章介绍会计循环 - 是企业在会计帐簿中对其经济业务的影响

3、进行记录、分类、汇总的一种程序。,Learning Objectives (p51),1. Discuss the role of accounting records in an organization 2. Describe a ledger account and a ledger,1、讨论一个组织机构会计记录的作用。 2、描述分类帐户和分类账。,3. State the rules of debit and credit for balance sheet accounts 4. Explain the double-entry system of accounting. 5. Ex

4、plain the purpose of a journal and its relationship to the ledger,3、说明资产负债表帐户借贷的规则。 4、解释会计的复式记账系统。 5、解释日记帐的目的和它与分类账的关系。,6Prepare journal entries to record common business transactions 7. Prepare a trial balance and explain its uses and limitations 8. Discuss the basic steps of the accounting cycle i

5、n both manual and computer based accounting systems,6、编制日记帐分录，记录企业的普通交易。 7、编制试算平衡表，并且解释其用途。 8、讨论手工记账系统与电脑记账系统中会计循环的基本步骤。,1. The role of accounting records in an organization 1. 在组织中会计记录的作用,(1) Establishing accountability for the assets and/or transactions under an individuals control (1)建立对某个人控制的资产或

6、业务的会 计责任。 (2) Keeping track of routine business activities (2) 记录日常的业务活动。,(3) Obtaining detailed information about a particular transaction (3) 获得关于某项业务的详细信息。 (4) Evaluating the efficiency and performance of various departments within the organization (4) 评价组织内部各部门的效率和业绩。 (5) Maintaining documentary

7、 evidence of the companys business activities (5) 保留公司业务活动的文件证明。,2. A ledger account and A ledger p52, p74,Account is a record used to summarize all increases and decreases in a particular assets, such as cash, or any other type of asset, liability, owners equity, revenue, or expense. The record use

8、d to keep track of the increases and decreases in a single balance sheet item is termed a ledger account, or simply an account.,Ledger is a loose-leaf（活页） book, file, or other record containing all the separate accounts of a business. A “T” account is a ledge account in its simplest form. Title of A

9、ccount left or right or Debit side Credit side,The balance（余额） of a ledger account is the difference between the debit and credit entries in the account. If the debit total exceeds the credit total, the account has a debit balance. If the credit total exceeds the debit total, the account has a credi

10、t balance.,3. The rules of debit and credit for balance sheet accounts,Asset Account Normally have debit balance. Thus, increases are recorded by debits and decreases are recorded by credits.,Liability if liability, owners equity or revenue increases it will be recorded credit side.,Page 22 Nov. 1,

11、Michael McBryan started the business by depositing $80,000 in a company bank account. Nov. 3, Purchased land for $52,000, paying cash. Nov. 5, Purchased a building for $36,000, paying cash $6,000 and issuing a note payable for the remaining $30,000. Nov. 17, Purchased tools & equipment on account, $

12、13,800.,Nov. 20 Sold some of the tools at a price equal to their cost, $1,800, collectible within 45 days. Nov. 25 Received $600 in partial collection of the account receivable from the sale of tools. Nov. 30 Paid $6,800 in partial payment of an account payable.,5. The purpose of a journal and its r

13、elationship to the ledger,(p60, p74) Journal is a chronological record of transactions showing for each transaction the debits and credits to be entered in specific ledger accounts. The simplest type of journal is called a general journal.,Why use a journal?,1. Show all information about a transacti

14、on in one place and also provides an explanation of the transaction. 2. Provides a chronological record of all the events in the life of a business. 3. The use of a journal helps to prevent errors.,6. Prepare journal entries to record business transactions (p61),1. The year, month, and day 2. The na

15、me of the account to be debited 3. The name of the account to be credited 4. A brief explanation of the transaction 5. A blank line 6. An entry which includes more than one debit or more than one credit 7. The LP column (see page 62 example),Posting Journal Entries,1. Locate the corresponding accoun

16、t in the ledger & entered the date of transaction. 2. Enter in the appropriate column the dollar amount being debited or credited in the ledger account. 3. In the Ref. Column of the ledger account, entered page number of the journal from which the entry is being posted. 4. Return to the journal, in

17、the LP column enter the account number of the ledger a/c to which the entry was posted. (see page 64),7. Prepare a trial balance and its uses and limitations,Trial balance is the two column schedule listing the names and balance of all accounts in the ledger. The total of two columns should agree. T

18、he use and limitations of trail balance (p67),8. The basic steps of the accounting cycle in accounting systems,(1) Record transaction in the journal. (2) Post to ledger accounts. (3) Prepare a trail balance. (4) Prepare financial statements. See page 70,Discussion,1. In its simplest form an account has only three elements or basic parts. What are these three elements? 2. What relation ship exists between the position of an account on the balance sheet and the rules for