2009年高考英语定语从句复习

1、定语从句,The Attributive Clause,一、定义 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面，起形容词作用。 二、引导定语从句的关联词由关系代词与关系副词构成 关系代词：that which who whom（宾格）whose（所有格）as 关系副词：where when why 关联词在定语从句中有三个作用： a.引导定语从句 b.在从句中代替先行词 c.在从句中担任某一句子成份 因此，选择正确的关系代词至关重要。,(一)关系代词 关系代词所替代的先行词是人或物的名词或代词在句子中充当主语、宾语、定语等成份。关系代

2、词作主语时，其后的谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1.先行词指人时，关系代词用who, whom, that, 在从句中作主语或宾语。,e.g.: He is the man that/who wants to see you.(主语),He is the man that/whom I saw yesterday.(宾语),(一)关系代词 关系代词所替代的先行词是人或物的名词或代词在句子中充当主语、宾语、定语等成份。关系代词作主语时，其后的谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1.先行词指人时，关系代词用who, whom, that, 在从句中作主语或宾语。 2.先行词是指物的名

3、词或代词时，关系代词代词用that, which, 在主语中作主语、宾语。,e.g.: These are the books which/that I bought yesterday.(宾语),Its an interesting book which/that gives me interest.(主语),(一)关系代词 关系代词所替代的先行词是人或物的名词或代词在句子中充当主语、宾语、定语等成份。关系代词作主语时，其后的谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1.先行词指人时，关系代词用who, whom, that, 在从句中作主语或宾语。 2.先行词是指物的名词或代词时，关系代词代

4、词用that, which, 在主语中作主语、宾语。 3.whose 是作定语的引导词（唯一的），可以指人或物，指物时可用of which互换。,e.g.: Please pass me the book whose/of which cover is green.,They helped the man whose car had broken.,He lives in the house whose windows open to south.,注：当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，在口语中常可以省略。 e.g.: The meat (that/which) you bought yeste

5、rday has gone bad.,(一)关系代词 关系代词所替代的先行词是人或物的名词或代词在句子中充当主语、宾语、定语等成份。关系代词作主语时，其后的谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1.先行词指人时，关系代词用who, whom, that, 在从句中作主语或宾语。 2.先行词是指物的名词或代词时，关系代词代词用that, which, 在主语中作主语、宾语。 3.whose 是作定语的引导词（唯一的），可以指人或物，指物时可用of which互换。 4.as用作关系代词引导的限制性定语从句， as 既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中可做主语、宾语、表语、谓语，常用在the same

6、as, suchas, asas, so as 句型中，as不可以省略。,e.g.: Such girls as he knew were teachers.（宾语）,Such teachers as know Tom think him bright. （主语）,Ill buy the same bike as you.,注意：若与the same（指同一物）连用，构成the samethat ，关系代词只用that.,e.g.: This is the same museum that you once visited.,Exercises 1. His parents wouldnt l

7、et him marry anyone family was poor. A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose 2. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 3. Dont buy such books you cant understand. A. like B. that C. what D. as 4. This is the same boy borrowed a

8、n English book from me two weeks ago. A. who B. that C. which D. whom,D,D,D,B,（二）、关系副词 1. 关系副词when, where,why 引导的定语从句修饰表示时间（time),地点（place),和原因（reason)的先行词，它们本身在定语从句中分别做时间、地点、原因状语。,e.g.: a. He remember the day when his father died. ( when 作时间状语，意为 on the day) b. I went back to the place where I was

9、born and grow up. (where 作地点状语，意为in the place) c. Please give me the reason why you were late this time. (why作原因状语，意为for the reason),（二）、关系副词 1. 关系副词when, where,why 引导的定语从句修饰表示时间（time),地点（place),和原因（reason)的先行词，它们本身在定语从句中分别做时间、地点、原因状语。 2. 并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时都用when, where,why，若先行词在定语从句中不作状语，而是作主语或宾语，

10、就必须用which或that。,e.g.: a. We often think of the days which we spent together in the countryside.(作宾语) 比较: We often think of the days when we worked together in the countryside. (时间状语 on the days),b. We believe the reason that he told us? 比较: The reason why/for which he was absent yesterday is still u

11、nknown.,（二）、关系副词 1. 关系副词when, where,why 引导的定语从句修饰表示时间（time),地点（place),和原因（reason)的先行词，它们本身在定语从句中分别做时间、地点、原因状语。 2. 并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时都用when, where,why，若先行词在定语从句中不作状语，而是作主语或宾语，就必须用which或that。 3. 关系副词when, where和why也可用“介词+which”来代替，要注意其先行词（名词）与介词的合理搭配，介词根据先行词或定语从句的谓语动词来确定。 when 相当于“at/in/during+which”

12、 where 相当于“in/at/on+which” why 相当于“for + which”,e.g.: a. Is this the day when/on which I visited the museum? b. Please put the letter on the desk where/on which he can easily find it . c. This is the reason why/for which he didnt come to the meeting.,Exercises 1. Thats the day Ill never forget. A. w

13、hen B. on which C. that D. on that 2. I can remember the sitting room my mother and I used to sit in the evening. A. what B. which C. that D. where 3. When you read the book youd better make a mark in the place you have any questions. A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where 4. Thats the

14、reason I wrote to him. A. for that B. because C. why D. that 5. Hangzhou is the place I visited last year. A.where B. in which C. why D. that,6. The day I was given a job finally came. A. when B. in which C. on that D. 7. The house he lived is now a library. A. in which B. on which C. which D. 8. Th

15、e date he joined the party was July 1,1958. A. in which B. at which C. during which D. on which 9. The reason he gave me was unreasonable. A. for which B. why C. that D. when,Keys 1.C 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. D 6.A 7. A 8.D 9. C,一、先行词是指物的名词或代词时，关系代词用that, which。 （一） that 与 which 指物时一般情况可以互换，但在下列情况下通常用that,

16、 不用which。 1.当先行词（定语从句所修饰的名词或代词）是everything, anything, nothing, all, much, few, little, none, the one, no one, some 等不定代词时。,e.g.: All that can be done has been done. Is there anything that you want?,2. 当先行词被any, few, little, no, all, every, very, much, one of, the only, the very, the right, some 修饰时，

17、常用that。,e.g.: The only thing that he remembered was her name. There is no difficulty that we cant overcome.,3. 当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时，用that。 e.g.: This is the first letter that Ive written in English. She is the most careful student that Ive ever known.,4. 两个并列的先行词，既有指人的，也有指物的，用that。 e.g.: They talked

18、about the teachers and the things that they remembered in the school.,5. 当被修饰的成份在主句中是系动词be后的表语或关系词本身在定语从句中做表语，用that。 （be的分类: a. am, is, are. b. 表变化的get. c. 感观动词look, smell. d. 表保持的stay.) e.g.: China isnt the country that she used to be fifty years ago. Its a book that will help you a great deal.,6.

19、当主句是由who, which, what开头的特殊疑问句（不管指人指物）用that。 e.g.: Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop? What did you hear that made you so angry? Which is the task, that overtook as yesterday?,7. 主句是由“There be + 主语（表物）”开头时，定语从句用that。 e.g.: There is a seat that is still free. There are two tickets that are for you.,8. 当先行词是基数词时常用that。 e.g.: I caught two fish yesterday, now, you can see the two that are still alive.,（二） that与which指物时用which而不用that的情况 1. 在非限制性定语从句中用which。 2. 当关系代词的前面有介词时。 e.g.: This is the factory in which we once w