Immigration to the United States(美国移民课堂PPT)

1、Immigration to the United States,history,American immigration history can be viewed in four epochs: the colonial period, the mid-19th century, the start of the 20th century, and post-1965. Each period brought distinct national groups, races and ethnicities to the United States.,20th center,In 1921,

2、the Congress passed the Emergency Quota Act, followed by the Immigration Act of 1924. The 1924 Act was aimed at further restricting the Southern and Eastern Europeans, especially Jews, Italians, and Slavs, who had begun to enter the country in large numbers beginning in the 1890s. Immigration patter

3、ns of the 1930s were dominated by the Great Depression, which hit the U.S. hard and lasted over ten years there. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, also known as the Hart-Cellar Act, abolished the system of national-origin quotas. By equalizing immigration policies, the act resulted in new

4、 immigration from non-European nations, which changed the ethnic make-up of the United States.,immgrants,The Census Bureau estimates the US population will grow from 281 million in 2000 to 397 million in 2050 with immigration, but only to 328 million with no immigration. Non-Hispanic whites made up

5、85% of the population in 1960.It also foresees the Hispanic population rising from 14% in 2005 to 29% by 2050. The Asian population is expected to more than triple by 2050. Overall, the population of the United States is due to rise from 296 million in 2005 to 438 million in 2050, with 82% of the in

6、crease from immigrants.,history,top ten foreign countries in migration to the u.s,Top Ten Foreign Countries Foreign Born Population Among U.S. Immigrants Country New Immigrants Per Year Total U.S. Population Mexico 175,900 9,600,000 China 50,900 1,900,000 Philippine 47,800 1,700,000 India 59,300 1,6

7、10,000 Vietnam 33,700 1,200,000 Cuba 14,800 1,100,000 El Salvador 33,500 1,100,000 Dominican Republic 24,900 941,000 Canada 24,200 920,000 Korea 17,900 880,000 Total For Top 10 498,900 21,741,000 Total Foreign Born 940,000 40,500,000,permanent residents,Inflow of New Legal Permanent Residents, Top F

8、ive Sending Countries, 2012,the new generation of the u.s,By 1970, immigrants accounted for 4.7 percent of the US population and rising to 6.2 percent in 1980, with an estimated 12.5 percent to this date. As of 2010, a quarter of the residents of the United States under 18 are immigrants or are immi

9、grants children. Eight percent of all babies born in the U.S. in 2008 belonged to illegal immigrant parents.,why do they migrate,Neoclassical economics approach points out that individual actors decide to migrate because a cost-benefit calculation leads them to expect a positive net return. Many fac

10、tors are integrated into the cost-benefit calculation. These factors include money, adaptation to a new culture and psychological costs of cutting old ties.,why do they migrate,Migration network theory emphasizes the connection between migrants and their families, friends and communities in origin c

11、ountries. Migration network functions as an important information source for people who are searching for better places and thus expands their “awareness place”. Meanwhile, it declines the risks and costs of migration.,why do they migrate,World system theory sheds some lights on analyzing the migrat

12、ion process. The economic globalization creates cultural links between core capitalist countries and peripheral countries. In modern society mass communications and advertising companies have great impact on peoples preference in the process of choosing better alternative places.,Effects of immigrat

13、ion,Demographics Economic Social Religious diversity Political,Demographics,This has caused questioning of the correctness of describing the United States as a melting pot. One explanation is that groups with lower socioeconomic status concentrate in more densely populated area that have access to p

14、ublic transit while groups with higher socioeconomic status move to suburban areas. Another is that some recent immigrant groups are more culturally and linguistically different than earlier group and prefer to live together due to factors such as communication costs.,Economic,In 2009, a study by th

15、e Cato Institute, a free market think tank, found that legalization of low-skilled illegal resident workers in the US would result in a net increase in US GDP of $180 billion over ten years. The Kauffman Foundations index of entrepreneurial activity is nearly 40% higher for immigrants than for nativ

16、es.Immigrants were involved in the founding of many prominent American high-tech companies, such as Google, Yahoo, Sun Microsystems, and eBay. On the poor end of the spectrum, the New Americans report found that low-wage immigration does not, on aggregate, lower the wages of most domestic workers.,R

17、eligious diversity,Immigration from South Asia and elsewhere has contributed to enlarging the religious composition of the United States. Islam in the United States is growing mainly due to immigration. Hinduism in the United States, Buddhism in the United States, and Sikhism in the United States ar

18、e other examples.,political,Studies have suggested that some special interest group lobby for less immigration for their own group and more immigration for other groups since they see effects of immigration, such as increased labor competition, as detrimental when affecting their own group but beneficial when affecting other groups.,opinions,Generally, U.S. immigration in 21th century still strongly influenced American society with however some new characteristics. Spanish speaking immigrants, educated immigrants and skilled immigrants increased while strict policies strongl