中考英语语法-被动语态专题复习课件

1、被动语态,中考英语专项复习,Passive voice,学习目标,1.掌握被动语态的用法 2.掌握如何将主动语态变成 被动语态 3.变被动语态时须注意哪些问题,英语的两大语态： 主动语态和被动语态,A.主动语态中主语是谓语动词的发出者（即动作的执行者）。宾语是谓语动词的对象(即动作的承受者)。 B.被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者(动作的 对象)。 被动语态的谓语构成: 助动词be动词过去分词,什么时候要用被动语态呢？,在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态： 不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。 没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。 需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态,各种时态的主动语态和被动

2、语态谓语结构对照表,重点考查一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时及含情态动词的被动语态。,动词不定式的被动结构：,动词不定式的被动语态为“to be 过去分词”。例如： ( )The radio says a wild animal zoo is to _ in our city Abe building Bbuild Cbe built Dbuilt,C,need +v-ing意为“需要被.”,相当于need to be 过去分词。,( )-Jim, the floor is so dirty. It needs _. -OK, Mom,Ill do it now. A. sweep B. c

3、leaning C. cleaned D. be swept,B,主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：,We clean our classroom every day.主动语态,Our classroom,is cleaned,主语,谓语,宾语,by us,every day.,结构：主动语态：主语谓语宾语,被动语态：,主语,be +过去分词,by+宾语,即: “主变宾，宾变主，谓语动词变被动。” (注:主变宾即主语变为介词by宾语),被动语态,主语,谓语,宾语,把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。时态体现在be动词的形式上，且be动词和新主语保持一致。如上例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，

4、改为被动语态时，也要用一般现在时。 如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词 by的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语we改为us。,注意：,主动语态变被动语态的方法,把主动语态改为被动语态可按“ 、 、 ” 来进行。即： 变-把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主动语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。 套-根据原句的时态套用相应时态。 注意-注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。 例：Many people speak English. English _ by many people. He washed his shoes yesterday. His shoes _by him

5、 yesterday.,is spoken,were washed,一变,二套,三注意,在被动语态中要注意的问题：,一些使役动词(let, have, make等)或感官动词(see, hearwatch,notice等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，一定带to。如： A.The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. (变被动语态) The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss. B.I saw him enter the house. 变被动语态 H

6、e was seen to enter the house by me. C.The teacher let them leave the classroom after class. (变被动语态) They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class.,(一),当使用see/hear/watch sb do sth.时，变为被动语态时，do 前要带to。 而当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sth时，变为被动语态时，doing保持不变。如：,1. We hear her sing in the r

7、oom every day.（变被动语态） She _ in the room every day.,2. I saw him going into the shop.(主动语态) He _ into the shop.(被动语态),to sing,was seen going,is heard,使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表,go,在被动语态中要注意的问题：（二）,含双宾语的动词在变为被动语态时，可将指人的间接宾语提前做被动语态的主语；也可把后面指物的直接宾语提前做主语，但此时要在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。 (主动语态)give/pass/bring/write/tell/show

8、 sth. to sb. (被动语态)sth. be given/pass/brought/written/told/shown to sb. 或sb. be given/pass/brought/written/told/shown sth. (主动语态)buy/make/get/cook sth. for sb. (被动语态)sth. be bought/made/got/cooked for sb. 或sb. be bought/made/got/cooked sth.,汉译英： 去年我过生日时姐姐给了我一块手表。,(1) My sister _ for my birthday last

9、 year. (2) A watch _ by my sister for my birthday last year. (3) I _ by my sister for my birthday last year.,gave me a watch,gave a watch to me,/,was given to me,was given a watch,在被动语态中要注意的问题：（三）,汉译英：我们国家把老人照顾得很好。 Old people _ in our country.,are taken good care of,也可填 are looked after well,在主动语态中某

10、些谓语动词是短语动词，要将短语动词视为一个整体，变为被动语态时我们不能丢掉其后的介词或副词。,在被动语态中要注意的问题：（四）,(1)这几年,我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。Great changes _ in my hometown over the years. (2)吉姆昨天发生了车祸。 _ (3)如果你努力的话，你会实现梦想的。If you work hard, your dream will _. (4)他的新书上个月出版了。 His new book_.,谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义,have taken place,A car accident happened to Jim yes

11、terday.,come true,came out last month,1. 有些不及物动词和短语无被动语态，用主动语态表达被动的意思。如：happen, take place, come true, come out, last, run out(用完)等。翻译句子：,(1). This pen _. 这支笔好写。 (2). The jeans_ . 这条牛仔裤好洗。 (3). The apples _ and _ . 这些苹果闻起来很香，卖得好/好卖。 (4). Everything _ in spring. 春季万物都生长得很好。,2.少数动词后面有副词well 的时候也不用被动语态

12、 。 （ 如：write well , wash well , sell well , grow well ） 系动词也不用于被动语态。（如：look看起来，sound听起来，feel摸起来，smell闻起来，taste尝起来）,writes well,wash well,sell well,grows well,（不用is written）,（不用 are washed）,smell good,汉译英：这家商店早晨八点开始营业，晚上十点停止营业。,The shop _ at 8 oclock a.m. and _ at ten p.m.,opens,closes,注意：open 与 clos

13、e,1. be used to do sth.被用来做某事（被动语态） (=be used for doing sth.) use sth. to do sth.用某物做某事（主动语态） 2.used to do sth.过去常常做某事 3.be / get used to doing sth.习惯做某事,注意辨析:,1.她过去常常在晚饭后沿这条马路散步，但是现在她习惯在家看电视。(汉译英),But now she _ at home after supper. 2.这把刀可以用来削苹果。(汉译英) The knife _ apples.,used to walk along,is used

14、to watching TV,can be used to cut,或can be used for cutting,She _ the road after supper.,同义句：,将这个句子改为主动语态：,In the past, she usually _ the road after supper.,walked along,We can use the knife to cut apples.,Exercise,1. get / have sth. +过去分词 “使某事物被.”,汉译英： (1).不应该允许16岁的青少年扎耳洞。 Sixteen-year-olds shouldnt

15、 _ get their ears _. (2).我昨天理发了。 I have my hair _ yesterday.,pierced,be allowed to,cut,（五）注意下列常见短语或句型：,2. be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事 3. be regarded as .被视为. 4. be covered with sth. 被.覆盖 5. be filled with sth.装满/充满. 6. be made of sth.由制成（发生物理变化） be made from sth.由制成（发生化学变化） 7. Its said that.据说. 8.

16、Its well-known that.众所周知.,（五）注意下列常见短语或句型：,单项选择： ( ) 1.-Did you go to Jims birthday party? -No, I _ . A. havent invited B. didnt invite C. am not invited D. wasnt invited ( ) 2.-This yard is so clean today and everything looks fine. - I didnt notice that. Its clear someone _ it. A. is cleaning B. is

17、cleaned C. has cleaned D. had cleaned ( ) 3.Its said that a bridge _ over the river soon. A. will be built C. is being built C. has been built D. was built,D,C,Exercise,A,D,B,C,( ) 4.Youve failed to do what you _ to and Im afraid the teacher will blame (责备) you. A. will expect B. will be expected C.

18、 expected D. were expected ( )5.-Did you have any problems if you _ five minutes to read? -Well, Im thinking about the new words. There are too many. A. give B. are given C. will be given D. will give ( )6.-I feel very happy that I _ to be the host. -Conguatulations! A.choose B.am chosen C.was chose

19、n D.haven chosen ( )7.-The box is too heavy to carry.Whats in it? -Oh, it is _ books. A.filled with B.covered with C.used for D.asked for,A,( )8. -If you stand on the top of the mountain, many things around _ clearly. -I think so. A.can be B.will see C.can be seen D.is seen ( )9.Its true that knowled