人教英语选修8第一单元Learning about language

1、Unit 1 A land of diversity,Learning about language,majority,Complete the following chart with new words from the text.,racial,hardship/hardness,distinction,Italy,Korean,Pakistani,Denish,applied,mixed,illustrative,application,mixture,illustration,simplify,simplicity,2 Complete these sentences, using

2、new words from the text.,1. A _ country consists of a group of states. 2. That is the biggest _ church I have ever seen.,federal,catholic,3. The _ of us voted for Mr Red, who then became chairman of the committee. 4. The _ of Education is one of the government departments. 5. The economic _ in recen

3、t years has created more job opportunities. 6. _ shaped like a boot lies in the south of Europe.,majority,Ministry,boom,Italy,shape n. 1.形状;样子,外形CU The sculptor worked the clay into the shape of a woman. 2.(表现)形式;体现,具体化UC The writers dreams find a shape in his novel. 3.【口】情况,状态U Athletes must stay i

4、n shape. 运动员一定要保持身体健康。 4.模糊的人影;幽灵C In the darkness, I saw a shape tiptoeing out.,及物动词 vt. 1.使成形;塑造,制作(+into/from/out of) The potter shaped the clay into a vase. Childhood experiences often play a big part in shaping ones character. 童年经历在形成一个人的性格方面往往起重要作用。 2(使）具体化 The writer shaped what he had in his

5、 mind into the novel. 3. 使适合;使合身(+to) The dress was shaped to her figure. 这件连衣裙做得很适合她的身材。,7. We should draw a _ between right and wrong. 8. To make the crossing from Shandong to the Northeast, our ancestors suffered all kinds of _. 9. The people from South or North _ are called Koreans. 10. Nobody k

6、nows who will be _ as president or vice president of this country.,distinction,hardship,Korea,elected,3 Choose the words and phrases to fill in the blanks, changing their forms if necessary.,aircraft crossing by means of make a life rail strait Arctic,My nephews first holiday to the _ was a delight.

7、 The scenery and the icebergs excited him. Looking across the Bering _ into Russia was something he would remember forever. To make the _ between these two great countries seemed as if it would take no time at all! Then he travelled across the ice _ a dog sled. It made the journey he had earlier don

8、e by _ seem very ordinary.,Arctic,strait,crossing,by means of,rail,When he reached the North Pole, he found t the melting of the ice and _ for themselves among the snowy hills and plains. After a short break he took the local _ to fly back to Alaska and the sea voyage back home!,Making a life,aircra

9、ft,occur vi. 存在, 被发现; 发生; 想到, 想起 (to), (主语是事, 宾语是人) These flowers occur in the tropics(热带). The sound doesnt occur in Chinese. When did the accident occur? An idea occurred to me. It never occurred to him that she would fail.,Explanation,1) The name of the film _ me suddenly. Which of the following

10、is wrong? A. occurred to B. came to C. struck D. stuck 2) _ to me that I had left the door unlocked. A. It happened B. It struck C. It hit D. It occurred 3) An accident did, however, _ at the street corner last night. A. occur B. take place C. happened D. broke out,occur (occurred, occurred),D,D,A,G

11、rammar,Noun Clauses 名词性从句,Noun Clauses,subjective clause 主语从句,objective clause 宾语从句,predicative clause 表语从句,appositive clause 同位语从句,名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、 表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句可 分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和 同位语从句。,1. What it was to become was a mystery. 2. I dont know who will help Henry to win the bet. 3. His tro

12、uble is that he doesnt know anybody in London. 4. The fact that ships can go there surprises many people.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,1. 宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用,可以 作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。 引导宾语从句词有连词that, if, whether; 连接代词who, whose, what, which; 连接副词when, where, how, why等。,1) I think (that) women can reach very high

13、 achievements in many fields of science. 2) I wonder whether/if she remembered how many babies she had delivered. 3) Do you know who/whom Jack was speaking to?,2.表语从句 表语从句在复合句中起表语作用。 引导宾语从句词有连词that, what, which, who, whom, whose等。除在句子中起 连接作用外, 还可在从句中充当主语、 表语、定语, 且各有各的词义。,Tom is no longer what he use

14、d to be. The question is which of us should come first. The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list.,3. 主语从句 做主语用的名词性从句, 因其在复合句 中做主语, 又称主语从句, 引导主语从句 的有连词that, whether, 连接代词who, what, which, 连接副词when, where, how, why等。,That

15、 she left him cut him to the heart. What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others. Whether it will please them is not easy to say.,4. 同位语从句 同位语从句属于名词性从句, 大多由从属 连词that引导, 常常跟在fact,news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark, hope, belief等名词后面。同位语从句一般 用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或 内容, 在逻辑上表现为同

16、为关系。,They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms. Where did you get the idea that I could not come. The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule should be adopted.,1. 名词性从句的语序(陈述句语序)； 2. 几对重要关联词的区别: whetherif, whatthat, whatwhatever, whowhoever, etc; 3. it用作形式主语或形

17、式宾语代替主语从句 或宾语从句； 4. 根据具体情景选用适当的关联词。,高考考查热点,根据例句, 讨论： 1) whetherif的区别 Please tell me if/whether you will go to the lectures tomorrow. It all depends on whether the sky will clear up. The question is whether the film is well worth seeing. Whether he will be well tomorrow Im not sure. Whether it is tru

18、e remains a problem.,ABCD,A,A. 引导宾语从句, 位于及物动词后 B. 引导宾语从句, 位于介词后 C. 引导宾语从句, 放句首 D. 引导表语从句, 主语从句或同位语从句,2)Whatthat的区别 I think that it is unnecessary for me to speak louder. His mother is satisfied with what he has done. That he was able to come made us happy. This is what makes us interested. The reaso

19、n was that Tod had never seen the million-pound note before.,缺,不缺,什么; 所 的东西、事情,无意义,否,宾语从句 中能省略,3) whowhoever; whatwhatever的区别 The spoken English competition is coming, Who will attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. I believe whoever takes part in the competition will try his best. Can you tell

20、me what you would like to order? Whatever happens, dont be surprised. All the food here is delicious. Just order whatever you like.,表示“谁”,表示“的任何人”,表“什么，所的 东西、事情”,表“的任何东西”,/,表“不论谁”,/,表“无论什么”,4)常见的it作形式主语的结构 It is a fact that he won the match. It is necessary that we do study the English. It is known

21、to all that light travels in straight lines. It seemed that he would come here.,It is a fact/a shame/a pity/no wonder/ good news/that,It is necessary/strange/important/ possible/likely/that这类主语从 句中,谓语动词常为(should)+动词原形,It is said/reported/decide/known/ that,It seemed/happened/doesnt matter/has turned

22、 out/that,Suggested answers to Exercise 3 on page 5:,She pretended that she was a socialist, believing in socialism. It is not surprising that so many people love California. Why she didnt tell you herself is what I want to know / is what I cant explain. I wonder why he lied to me.,Revising useful s

23、tructures,The trouble was that she had lost her passport. It is essential that you get a visa before you travel to the USA. What George discovered in California was different from what he saw in the movies. Where they got all that money is what I want to know /is what I cant explain.,定语从句陷阱题,1. She

24、was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _ he said meant. A. that B. what C. that that D. what what 2. After _ had happened he could not continue to work there. A. which B. how C. what D. having,3. He pointed to _ looked like a tomb and said, “Ghost.” A. that B. what C. which D. as

25、4.“Is _ you want to say？” asked the teacher. A. this B. that C. all that D. that all 5. “When _ leave for Japan？” “When _ leave for Japan is kept secret.” A. they will, will they B. will they, they will C. they will, they will D. will they, will they,6. None knows if _ that boy, but if _ him, her pa

26、rents will be disappointed. A. she will marry, she will marry B. she marries, she marries C. she will marry, she marries D. she marries, she will marry 7. “Where _ go to work？” “Where _ go to work is not known.” A. we shall, we shall B. shall we, shall we C. shall we, we shall D. we shall, shall we,

27、8. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _. A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 9. Dont you know, my dear friend, _ it is your money not you that she loves？ A. who B. which C. that D. what,10. Everyone knows, perhaps except you, _ your girl-friend is a cheat. A. who B. which C.

28、 that D. what 11. I think, though I could be mistaken, _ she liked me. A. who B. which C. that D. what 12. He told me the news, believe it or not, _ he had earned $1 000 in a single day. A. that B. which C. as D. because,13. They lost their way in the forest, and _ made matters worse was that night

29、began to fall. A. it B. which C. that D. what 14. Patience is a kind of quality and that is _ it takes to do anything well. A. what B. which C. which D. how 15. It has come to my notice _ some of you have missed classes. A. what B. which C. that D. when,16. - “What were you trying to prove to the po

30、lice？” - “_ I was last night.” A. That B. When C. Where D. What 17. Country life gives him peace and quiet, which is _ he cant enjoy while living in big cities. A. that B. why C. where D. what 18. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A.

31、that B. when C. what D. how,19. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that 20. _ we are doing has never been done before. A. That B. What C. Which D. Whether 21. People have heard _ the President ha

32、s said; they are waiting to see _ he will do. A. how, how B. what, what C. when, how D. that, what,22. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule： Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants. A. what B. which C. when D. that 23. These wild flowers are so special I wo

33、uld do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 24. _ she was invited to the ball made her very happy. A. What B. That C. When D. Because,25. Eat _ cake you like and leave the others for _ comes in late. A. any, who B. every, whoever C. whichever, whoever D. either, whoever 26

34、. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _ I got wet through. A. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres why D. Thats because,27. _ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever 28. _ medicine works in a human body is a question _ not everyone can un

35、derstand fully. A. How; that B. What; which C. That; which D. What; that,I have always been honest and straight forward, and it doesnt matter _ that Im talking to. (广东省) A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom,高考链接,B,3. _ made the school proud was_ more than 90 of the students had been

36、admitted to key universities. (上海春季) A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; because,B,5. - Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? - Oh, thats_. (北京春季) A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited,【解析】这是由what 引导的一个表

37、语从句， 在从句中充当主语, 这句话的意思为: 那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为A。,A,6. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -Is that_ you had a few days off? (NMET) A.why B.when C.what D.where,【解析】这是一个由why引导的表语从句, 表示原因。这句话的意思是“这就是你离开 的原因吗?”。故答案为A。,A,7. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A. whi

38、ch I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is,【解析】答案A。该题考查定语从句中加入 插入语的用法, 因插入语应位于引导词之后， 所以D项不对, B、C两项无法构成正确结构。,A,1. The lawyer rarely wears anything other than jeans and a T-shirt _ the season. A. whatever B. wherever C. whenever D. however 2. Students are always inter

39、ested in finding out _ they can go with a new teacher. A. how far B. how soon C. how often D. how long,高考链接,A,A,3. _ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. A. It B. What C. As D. Which 4. When asked _ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel importan

40、t and loved. A. what B. why C. whom D. which,B,A,5. _ was most important to her, she told me, was her family. A. It B. This C. What D. As 6. Forests suffered at the hands of Man _ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people. A. in which B. for whic

41、h C. so that D. in that,C,D,7. _wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who 8. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home. A. what B. that C. which D. one,C,A,高考链接,1. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do_ it takes to save her life. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. wh