常用医学英语词根一.doc

1、精品常用医学英语词根词缀1.人体主要器官前缀名称；常用形容词的例子，在普通名称的前面(后面)后面心型卡迪亚-卡迪亚卡迪姆/卡itis/卡迪奥brain ence pholo-cerebral cerebrum/ence phalitis/ence phalogy肺lung pulmo-pull monary pull montiis/pull monectomey/pull monologygan liver hepa to-hepatic hepatitis/hepath ology以上stomach gastro-gastric gastritis/gastro intestinal/g

2、astrology胆汁bladder chole-biliary hole cystitis/cholinergic/choley stectomy章节intrestine entero-intrestinal enteritis/enterectomy/enter ology脾脏splen-splenic splenitis/spline ctomey/splen ogrogy胰腺pancreas pan creato-pancreatitic pancreatitis/pancreate ctomy肾kidney nepohro-renal/nephic nephritis/nephrop

3、athy/nephrology与人体系统、器官相关的前后名称在普通名称之前(之后)之后的示例血液blood hemo-/Hema to hematology/hemo globin/hematoma血管vessel vaso-vaso pressor/car dio asology/verebro vascular静脉vein veno-veno graphy/intrvenous/veno constriction动脉artery arte Rio-arteriology/arteriole/arterio sclerosis肌肉muscle myo-my cology/my ositis/

4、my ocr ditissumaro miel-/myelo-myelocate/myelitis/myelopama神经nerve neur-/ney ro-neurology/neuritis/neuron单元格cyto-/-cyte cytology/cytoma/leukocyte中uri neuro-/ur-urology/uro surgery/uro genital主体body soma to-/some somatopology/somatthec/chromo some3.与数字相关的前缀数字前缀示例一个(单一)mono-/uni-monomer/mono clone/car

5、bon mono xide/unidirectional此bi-/di-bilateral/biphasiccarbondioxide/di peptide树tri-trilateral/trigeminal nerve四特蕾西-四特蕾西线/四特蕾西线/四特莱吉亚penta-Pentagon/penta chromic/penta chloride六hexa-hexach chromic/benzene hexach loride(666)/hexcycliccordiundhepta pass-hepta chromic/hepta ploid/hept valentOcta- octahe

6、dral/octal system古诺娜-诺娜佩普蒂德/诺贡Deca- decade/decagram/decaliter注意：10位数的表示通常如下：hexadecanol、tetradecapeptide gastrin、octadecanoic acid4.颜色和颜色相关前缀颜色一般名称字首范例颜色color chrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer红色ery throo-ery throcyte/ery throcy turia/ery thrometer白色white leuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leuko

7、cytuirablack black melano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma黄yellow xantho-xanthops in/xanthosis/xanthomablue cyan-/cyano cyanosis/cyano psia/cyaneia紫罗兰/紫色格林布朗布朗mixture/布朗环橙色orange Victoria orange/ethylorange/orangeg粉色pink oink frothy sputum陈红克林森青铜已弯曲的双足动物(bronzed bronzed diabetes)注：一些瓶名用作蓝色、紫色、绿色的同义词，前缀为“

8、cyano-”。5.与疾病和疾病相关的战后(1)语义前后形容词的例子。疾病pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathic neurophy/nephropathy/adeno pathy病态-osis-otic neurosis/tuber culosis/schistosomiasisleukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis增加减少-penia-penic leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia无a-/an-atypical a nuria/agranul

9、ocytopenia小型/微型-let droplet/platelet/leafletmicro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus大型/大型macro-macroscopic macro nucleus/macrophage-megary splenomegaly/acroomegaly/hepatomegaly复合/poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia全部/风扇-pan colectomy/pan myeloasis/pandemic6.与疾病和疾病相关的前(后)后(2)语义前后的示例。相反，dis-disease/diso

10、rder/disability困难/故障dys-dy function/dy spepsia/dy pnea坏的mal function/mal nutrition/mal practice炎症-itis appendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis肿瘤/区块-oma lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma血症-emia leukemia/septise mia/bacteremia疼痛-al gia/-alge sia/alge-/algo-analgesia/hypoalgesaa/algometer瘫痪-p legia hempleia/Pamp leg

11、ia/my oplegia流出-RR hea diarr hea/hypermenorr hea/rhinorr hea坏死-neckrosis/necro-/neck-hepatonecrosis/myocnecrosis/neckrospermia石头litho-/-lith lithiasis/litho genesis/chole ithes7.与方位相关的首码意义一般单字字首范例upper/superior pi-/supra-epi demic/epithelium/supra costallower/inferior infra-/su B- infra costal/sub c

12、lavicular/subcutaneous前端front/anterior/prior fore-/ante-forehead/anter oposterior/precirr hosis/pre-背面back/posterior post-/retro-posthepatic/post prandal/retro cardianner/internal in-/endo-/ento-inhalation/endoscopy/ento cranial外部outer/external ex-/exo-extract/execretion/exocar dialinterbetween intermuscullar/intercostal/intercourse旁/副on the side of para-para thy roid/para proein/para renal主要around peri-peri operative/pericar ditis/peritoneum中央中心-/centra-centrifugation/centralize/centric nucles/Centro-相反/与opposite counter-/contra-counter part/cou