高三英语阅读理解：推理判断题

1、题型特点 推理判断题要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。,广东卷中的推理判断题主要包括推断隐含 意思、推断目标读者 (2008年第50题)、推断写法意图 (2007年第42题)等。但以推断隐含意义的题居多。推断隐含意义的题干中常含infer (推断) (如2013年第27题、34题、39题，2008年54题，2009年50题，2010年45、55题，2011年42题），suggest (暗示) (2011年第34题)，imply (暗示) (

2、2008年第25题)，indicate (暗示)，conclude(推断，得出结论) 等词语。如：,What can we infer from Paragraph 2? What does the last sentence of the passage imply? We can infer from the passage that _. It can be inferred from the passage that _. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _. Who are th

3、e intended readers of the passage? It can be concluded from the text that _.,解答这类题时，首先通过寻读找到相关信息点 (推理的依据)；然后研读，理解相关信息点的字面意义；结合语境和常识，围绕主题，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。 注意对原文信息的简单重述，或以偏概全推理过度，或虽符合考生已有常识但文中无依据的选项均为错误选项。,解法点拨,真题破解,A. China lacks wind and solar energy. B. China is the leader of the low

4、-carbon market. C. High-speed trains are a low-carbon development. D. Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests.,42. What can we infer from this Paragraph?,例1,解析：第一步，信息定位。用high-speed trains (高铁)作为关键词在文中找到相关句, 在该段第4句。,第二步，理解字面意思。该句中的it指代前句中的China，本句大意是“中国正在努力充分利用风能和太阳能，也正在花巨资制造电动汽车和高铁”。 第三步，结合

5、语境进行推断。本句依然属于for example的内容，我们知道，举例的目的就是为了证明某一观点和论点，即为论点提供论据。此例就是为了证明“可持续发展是许多国家正确发展的趋势，全球的低碳能源市场在未来几十年里要扩大三倍”，中国就是这“许多国家”中的一个，并“决心引领低碳能源市场，抓住新一轮能源革命的机遇”，既然中国正在花巨资来发展高铁，那么高铁应当是一种低碳发展。故选C。,文中说“中国正努力充分利用风能和太阳能(make full use of wind and solar energy)”，而不是“缺少风能和太阳能”，因此选项A与文中事实不符，应排除。 文中说“中国已下定决心引领低碳市场 (

6、has set its mind on leading that market)”，但并不意味着中国已经是这个市场的领袖了，选项B与文中事实不符，应排除。 文章说“棕榈油的生产不需要砍伐有用的雨林(palm oil，which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest)”，而不是以消耗有用森林为代价的，选项D与文中事实相反，故排除。,例2,A. a peaceful world B. good education C. better health care D. a life without anxiety,63.The last

7、 sentence in the text implies that most of the people long for _.,解析：最后一句的字面意思“另外900个人极度忧虑不安地观望着他们 (控制武器的那100个人)，担心能否跟他们和睦相处”，根据常识，可推知这900个人是渴望和平的，只有在和平的世界里，他们才不再忧虑，不再担心。故选A。,例3,解析：由第1段第4句中were the apple of our parents eyesour Grandmas think were and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Ol

8、ympics等可知，本文应当是写给青少年阅读的，故选B。,50. Who are the intended readers of the passage?,A. Parents. B. Adolescents. C. Educators. D. People in general.,(一),A. written about New Yorkers B. composed for Paul Whiteman C. played mainly in the countryside D. performed in various ways,1. Many of Gershwins musical w

9、orks were _ .,D 事实细节题。由第二段最后一句Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way from jazz to country可知，多年来这些歌曲都以不同的方式 (从爵士乐到乡村乐) 被人传唱着。,2. What do we know about the concert organized by Whiteman? A. It attracted more people to theatres B. It proved jazz could be serious music C. It

10、 made Gershwin leader of the orchestra D. It caused a debate among jazz musicians.,2. B 事实细节题。由第三段最后一句The audiences were thrilled whencould be both serious and popular可知，观众们听到音乐后兴奋不已，说明爵士乐可以既严肃又受大众 欢迎，故选B; 选项A,文中无任何依据; 由第三段第三句jazz musician and orchestra leader Paul Whiteman 可知，orchestra的leader是White

11、man，排除C；由于“cause”表结果，但“a debate among jazz musicians ”是音乐会举办的缘由而不是结果，可排除D。,A. He created one of his best works B. He studied with Nadia Boulanger C. He argued with French critics D. He changed his music style,3. What did Gershwin do during his stay in Paris?,A 细节理解题。根据题干，定位在第四段，根据第四段最后两句But it quick

12、ly became popular in Europe and the United States. It still remains one of his most famous works可知，Gershwin创作的歌曲很流行。,A. Many of Gershwins works were lost B. The death of Gershwin was widely reported C. A concert was held in memory of Gershwin D. Brain cancer research started after Gershwins death,4.

13、 What do we learn from the last paragraph?,B 细节理解题。由最后一段的Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages可知，Gershwin去世的消息在各地的头条都被报道出来。,A. talented and productive B. serious and boring C. popular and unhappy D. friendly and honest,5. Which of the following best describes Gershwin

14、?,A 推理判断题。第一步，信息定位：He published his first song when he was eighteen years old. During the next twenty years he wrote more than five hundred songs；第二步，理解字面意思：他在18岁创作了第一首歌曲，在他接下来短暂的20多年中，他创作了500余首歌曲；第三步，推断弦外之音：结合下文，第二段第后一句，第三段最后一句，第四段最后两句，不难推断出他很有“才华”且是“多产的”。故选A。,(二),A. To predict a heavy rain. B. To

15、check the weather forecast. C. To protect people from the rain. D. To remind people to take an umbrella.,6. For what purpose did Belyaev create the lampbrella?,C 细节理解题。由第一段第二句和第三句“Mikhail Belyaev认为出门前忘记检查天气预报的人也不应该被雨淋湿，这就是他发明路灯伞的原因”可知, Belyaevd设计这款路灯伞是为了防止路人淋湿。,A. His creation was inspired by an exp

16、erience. B. it rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg. C. Street lamps are protected by canopies. D. He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.,7. What do we know from Belyaevs words in Paragraph2?,A 推理判断题。由第二段第一句The designer says he come up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in R

17、ussia是主题句，其后设计者的话描述的是这次具体的经历，为说明主题服务的,可见设计师发明路灯伞的灵感来自于一次经历。,A. motor canopy sensors B. sensors motor canopy C. motor sensors canopy D. canopy motor sensors,8. Which of the following show how the lampbrella works?,C 细节理解题。由第三段最后两句It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella o

18、n demand. Sensors(传感器)then ensure that it starts raining可知，路灯伞的工作原理是从马达 (motor) 的发动sensors (传感器) 的传导canopy (伞篷) 的接收。这几句话的时间标志词有，thenIn addition to ，故选C。,A. Its moving speed. B. Its appearance. C. Its installation. D. Its safety.,9. What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the lampbrella?,D 段落大意题。由

19、move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, protect from possibly lighting strike等可知第五段主要介绍路灯伞的安全性。选项A只是一个细节；选项B在本段中无相关内容；本段提到的installation(装置)也是说其安全性，排除C。,10. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The designer will open a company to promote his pr

20、oduct. B. The lampbrella could be put into immediate production. C. The designer is confident that his creation is practical. D. The lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.,C 推理判断题。第一步，信息定位：在最后一段的最后一句中的找到Belyaev insists this creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but

21、 there are no canopies to provide shelter；第二步，理解字面意思：他坚持认为这项发明可以安装在有许多人过路却没有伞蓬避雨的任何一条街道上；第三步，推断弦外之音：设计者坚信这项发明很有实用性。故选C。选项B，C，D在文中没有提及。,(三),A. feel it harder to experience happiness B. associate their happiness less with others C. will take fewer risks in pursuing happiness D. tend to believe respons

22、ibility means happiness,11. As people grow older, they _.,A 细节理解题。由第一段最后的which seems to get rarer the older we get (年龄越大得到的幸福越稀少)，以及第二、三、四三段都说明，人们随着年龄的增长，体验幸福就越来越难了。,A. She cares little about her own health. B. She enjoys the freedom of traveling. C. She is easily pleased by things in daily life. D.

23、 She prefers getting pleasure from housework.,12. What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 5 and 6?,C 推理判断题。第五段表明了作者的幸福观, 越能享受所拥有的人越幸福，第六段是作者对具体一天的幸福时刻的具体描述, 从这些描述中可以推断出作者很易从日常生活中获得快乐。,A. Psychologists think satisfying work is key to happiness. B. Psychologists opinion is well proved by Gr

24、andmas case. C. Grandma often found time for social gatherings. D. Grandmas happiness came from modest expectations of life.,13. What can be inferred from Paragraph 7?,D 推理判断题。第一步，在本段找到关键信息，本段的第二、三句；第二步，理解字面意思：奶奶要在家抚养14个孩子，既没有闲遐时间也没有满意工作，但他有家人朋友圈，也许这就是使她满足的地方；第三步，推断弦外之音：奶奶的幸福来自对生活的适度期望，即不期望过高，不过分期望手头所没有的东西