云南财大英语经典人文导读富兰克林传期末复习

1、.New England Courant 新英格兰报 The Pennsylvania Gazette宾夕法尼亚公报 Poor Richards Almanac穷理查智慧书 Paxton affair帕克斯顿事件Stamp Act 印花税法案 letter of Hutchinson and Oliver哈钦森信件Continental Congress大陆会议 the Reformation宗教改革Protestants新教徒 Boston Massacre波士顿大屠杀Boston Tea Treaty波士顿倾茶事件 The Siege of Boston波士顿围城战Midnight Rid

2、e午夜骑行 The Constitution of the United States美国宪法 Massachusetts Institute of Technology麻省理工学院 Articles of Confederation 联邦条例the Church of England英国国教 Pilgrims Progress 天路历程 Religious Society of Friends贵格会(教友派) the Civil War美国南北战争（美国内战） Junto共读社 Testament（基督教）圣约书Fable of the Bees蜜蜂的寓言 The New Testament

3、 新约House of Lords上议院 House of Commons下议院Philosophical Society美国哲学研究会 Quaker Assembly教友会教徒Plain Truth 平凡的真理 The American Society美国学会Peace of Paris巴黎和约Peace of Treaty of Versailles 凡尔赛和约the Royal Society英国皇家学会 the Copley medal科普利奖章the West Indies西印度群岛 Postmaster-General邮政部长joint Postmaster-General北美邮政

4、监察员 the Assembly议会French Academy法兰西科学院 Declaration of Independence独立宣言Privy Council枢密院Royal Academy Sciences 皇家科学院Union Fire Company 志愿消防队Sabbath 安息日The Socratic method 苏格拉底问答法Art of Virtue道德的艺术surveyor-general 测量局长Seeing no prospect of an accommodation between my brother and me, he gave his consent

5、 to my returning again to Philadelphia, advisd me to behave respectfully to the people there, endeavor to obtain the general esteem.他在了解了我哥哥和我之间暂无和解的希望后，就允许我再回到费城去，他指教我要谦恭地对待那里的人，争取普遍的尊重。In youth, therefore, the turn is given; in youth the education even of the next generation is given; in youth the

6、 private and public character is determined. 在青年时期，人生转折点也确定了；在青年时期，甚至连下一代的教育也确定了；在青年时期，人所不知何人所共知的品格也已决定。The term of life extending but from youth to age, life ought to begin well from youth, and more especially before we take our party as to our principal objects. 生命的期限就是从青年时期展开的，生命该从青年时期就好好地开始，尤其在我

7、们以选择职业为主要目标以前。Our sensations being very much fixed to the moment, we are apt to forget that more moments are to follow the first, and consequently that man should arrange his conduct so as to suit the whole of a life. 我们的感觉往往凝结于现今，而常常忘掉有更多的时间是会跟着来的，因此一个人应该安排他的行为以适合其整个一生。Extend your views even furthe

8、r; do not stop at those who speak the English tongue, but after having settled so many points in nature and politics, think of bettering the whole race of men. 把你的眼光放得更远些，不要只限于说英语者，等到在政治和自然上的许多观点确定了以后，就要想到改良整个的人类。ORDER. Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its t

9、ime. 秩序。你的一切东西该有它们自己的位置；你的工作何时干、何时完，该有它们的时间。Often I sat up in my room reading the greatest part of the night, when the book was borrowed in the evening and to be returned early in the morning, lest it should be missed or wanted.有时一本书是晚上借来而必须在次日一早送还的，我就常常振作精神在我屋中读到深夜，免得到时不还这书就被当成遗失或缺货了。RESOLUTION. Re

10、solve to perform that you ought; perform without fail what you resolve. 决断。决定做你该做的事；做好你决定做的事。FRUGALITY. Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself; i.e. , waste nothing. 俭朴。除非于人于己有益者不去花费，否则即为浪费。INDUSTRY. Lose no time; be always employd in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions.

11、勤劳。勿浪费时间；时间要常常用之于有用的事；弃掉一切不需要的举动。But, however serviceable I might be, I found that my services became every day of less importance, as the other hands improvd in the business. 但是不管我怎样勤勉工作，随着别的工人在业务上的进步，我发觉我的职务日渐不重要。JUSTICE. Wrong none by doing injuries, or omitting the benefits that are your duty. 正

12、直。不要施行有害行为，也不要忽略你所应给的利益来损害任何人。SINCERITY. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you speak, speak accordingly.诚恳。勿为有害之欺诈；勿思邪恶，唯念正义；如有言，言必诚。Since such a repetition is not to be expected, the next thing most like living ones life over again seems to be a recollection of that life,

13、and to make that recollection as durable as possible by putting it down in writing. 但是这样的重演是不能指望了，那么最接近重演的该是回忆平生而把它写下来，使这回忆在可能的范围中传之久远。In order to secure my credit and character as a tradesman, I took care not only to be in reality industrious and frugal, but to avoid all appearances to the contrary

14、. 因为要巩固商人的信用和声望，我不但注意到勤劳和节俭的实际情形，也要避免那种趾高气扬的形象。I fancy his harsh and tyrannical treatment of me might be a means of impressing me with that aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to me through my whole life. 我想象他对我的苛刻和残暴的待遇也许是一种加深我的印象的手段，使我一生都在反对专制。In 1732, I first publishd my firt Almanac, unde

15、r the name of Richard Saunder; it was continud byme about twenty-five years, commonly calld Poor Richards Almanac. 在732年，我第一次刊行我的历书，署名为理查.桑德斯，这本书我持续刊行了大约25年，通常称之为穷理查年鉴。But, however serviceable I might be, I found that my services became every day of less importance, as the other hands improvd in the

16、 business. 但是不管我怎样勤勉工作，随着别的工人在业务上的进步，我发觉我的职务日渐不重要。Another thing demonstrated will be the propriety of everymans waiting for his time for appearing upon the stage of the world. 另外指出的一件事就是，每个人都应当等待时机在社会舞台上显露头角。I drest plainly; I was seen at no places of idle diversion. I never went out a fishing or sh

17、ooting; a book, indeed, sometimes debaushd me from my work, but that was seldom, snug and gave no scandal. 我穿得很朴素，从来不在消闲的娱乐场出现。我从不出去钓鱼和打猎。真的，只有时因一本书籍把我的工作耽误了，但那也不是常有的，而且是隐蔽的，不会受到指摘的。It is in youth that we plant our chief habits and prejudices; it is in youth that we take our party as to profession,

18、pursuits and matrimony. 在青年时期，我们培植了我们主要的习惯和见解；在青年时期，我们选择了职业，追求和配偶。Extend your views even further; do not stop at those who speak the English tongue, but after having settled so many points in nature and politics, think of bettering the whole race of men. 把你的眼光放得更远些，不要只限于说英语者，等到在政治和自然上的许多观点确定了以后，就要想到

19、改良整个的人类。TEMPERANCE. Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation. 节制。食不过饱；饮不过量。SLIENCE. Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation.沉默。除非于人于己有利之言不谈；避免琐屑的谈话。MODERATION. Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve. 中庸。避免极端；人若给你应得处罚，你当容

20、忍之。From a child I was fond of reading, and all the little money that came into my hands was ever laid out in books. Pleased with Pilgrims Progress, my first collection was of John Bunyans words in separate little volumes. 我从小就爱好读书，我一直把我手上的全部零用钱都花在书上。因为我喜爱天路历程，所以我一开始就收集了约翰班扬文集的单独发行的小册子。This bookish i

21、nclination at length determined my father to make me a printer, though he had already one son (James) of that profession. 这种对书籍的爱好最后使我父亲决定叫我学印刷业，虽然他已经有了一个儿子(詹姆士)学了这种行业。Ralph was inclind to pursue the study of poetry, not doubting but he might become eminent in it, and make his fortune by it. 雷夫喜欢研究诗

22、，深信他会因此而成名发财，There was another bookish lad in the town, John Collins by name, with whom I was intimately acquainted. 在镇上另外有一个爱好读书的孩子，叫做约翰高令斯，我和他往来甚密。I convincd that truth, sincerity and integrity in dealings between man and man were of the utmost importance to the felicity of life. 渐渐地我确信在人与人之间的相互关系

23、中对人生的幸福最重要的莫过于真实、诚意和廉洁。Josiah, my father, married young, and ,about 1682. The conventicles having been ,and to that country, and he was prevailed with to accompany them thither, where they expected to enjoy their mode of religion with freedom. 我父亲约瑟早年就成了家，大约在一六八二年带着妻子和三个孩子迁到新英格兰来。非国教的宗教集会受到法律的禁止，而且时

24、常受到干扰，因此我父亲的友好中有一些有声望的人就想移居到新大陆去，我父亲答应陪同他们前往美洲。My elder brothers were all put apprentices to different trades. 我的哥哥们都拜师学了各种不同的行业。My brother had, in 1720 or 1721, begun to print a newspaper. It was the second that appeared in America, and was called the New England Courant. 在一七二或一七二一年，我哥哥开始出版报纸了。这是在美

25、洲殖民地出现的第二份报纸，叫做新英格兰报。I regularly paid his annual subscription for the support of the only Presbyterian minister or meeting they had in Philadelphia. 我定期地缴付年捐，维持费城唯一的长老会牧师或教堂。It was thought most prudent by her mother to prevent to our going too far at present, as a marriage. 她母亲认为最稳妥的办法是目前暂时不要我们操之过急。

26、In Philadelphia, Mr. Denham took a store in Water-street, where we opened our goods; I attended the business diligently, studied accounts, and grew, in a little time, expert at selling. 在费城，田纳先生在水街租赁了一个店址，在那里我们把我们的商品陈列出来，我勤勉地照料生意，学习记账，不久就学会了做买卖。A man being sometimes more generous when he has but a l

27、ittle money than when he has plenty, perhaps thro fear of being thought to have but little. 当一个人只有少量钱财的时候，有时候他反而比他钱多时来得慷慨，也许是由于怕人家把他当做穷酸的缘故吧。I had been religiously educated as a Presbyterian. 在宗教方面我从小所受的是长老会的教养。This obscure family of ours was early in the Reformation, and continued Protestants throu

28、gh the reign of Queen Mary, when they were sometimes in danger of trouble on account of their zeal against popery我们这一卑微的家族很早就参加了宗教改革运动，在玛丽女王统治时期他们一直坚信新教，当时由于他们热烈地反对教皇，时有遭受迫害的危险。.During my brothers confinement, which I resented a good deal, notwithstanding our privated difference, I had the managemen

29、t of the paper; and I made bold to give their rulers some rubs in his brothers newspaper, which my brother and others took very kindly. 尽管我和我哥哥有意见，我对他的被判徒刑表示十分愤慨。在他拘留期间，我主持了报务。在报上我大胆地对我们的统治者进行了冷嘲热讽，我哥哥倒很喜欢这些文章，Ralph, though married, and having one child, had determined to accompany me in this voyage. It was thought he intended to establish a correspondence, and obtain goods to sell on commissions雷夫，虽然已经结了婚，有了一个孩子，还是决定陪我出洋。据猜度他是想去建立通信联系，获得可以代销的货品，抽取佣金。I was pretty diligent, but spent with Ralph a good deal of my earnings in going to plays and other places of amusement.