新课标unit 4 语法 定语从句 讲解加练习

1、Attributive Clause,（定语从句）,定语从句,定语从句在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词的后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系词充当从句的成分。,The fish (which we bought) were not fresh.,宾语,定语从句,限定性定语从句,非限定性定语从句,引导词,关系代词：,关系副词:,that, which, who, whom, whose, as,when, where, why,限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句,1）限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语从句，如

2、果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。起限定作用。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切， 写时不可用逗号分开。,Eg:The accident happened on the day when I lost my job.,Eg: I spent a whole holiday with John, who was very friendly and helpful.,2) 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的补充说明， 如果去掉， 主句的意思仍然很清楚。 这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用 that 引导。,关系代词和关系副词 的作用,指代作用,连接句子的作用,T

3、hat tall man is Toms father and he works in a shoe factory.,That tall man is Toms father, _ works in a shoe factory.,who,that,宾语,(2)指物时，that与which可以互换，但要注意在特定情况下that与which的选用。,关系代词的用法： 1. that 和 which (1) that , which 都可以指物. 还可以指人，在从句中作主语或宾语， 作_ 时可以省略。,True or false All which you need to do is to pr

4、ess the button . I have read all the books that you gave me. 3. This is the best novel that I have read.,that,4. This is the very book which I want to look for. 5. The last place that we visited was the chemical works. 6. They talked about the teachers and schools which they had visited.,that,that,只

5、用that 的情况:,1.先行词为不定代词或有不定代词修饰的如:everything,anything,all,much,nothing,any等.,2.先行词被最高级修饰的.,3.先行词被the only,the very,the right 修饰的,4.先行词既包括人又包括物时.,(6)主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时,一般用that引导定语从句(而不用who, whom, which)。,(5)that 还可以在定语从句中作表语，(而which, who, whom, whose 不能） that此时可以省略。,She is no longer the girl_ she u

6、sed to be.,that,Which is the book_you need?,that,用which 的情况：,1.用于非限定定语从句中. 2.用于介词后,I have rent a house , which is very big. I want to rent a house which/that is very big.,The chair on which he is sitting is made of plastics. The chair (which/that) he is sitting on is made of plastics.,2. who 和 whom,

7、(1)who指人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。,(2)whom指人，是宾格，在定语从句中只能作宾语。,(3)who不可以用在介词后,而whom可以。,Do you know the man _I talked to just now.,who/whom/that/-,Do you know the man to_I talked just now.,whom,The number of people _lost homes reached as many as 250,000.,who/that,3. whose的用法,(1)whose即可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语。,(2)

8、whose指物时可以与of which互换。,whose + n. =,the + n. + of which,of which + the + n.,4. as 的用法,as 在定语从句中作主语，宾语或表语。 一般用在 the sameas ，as many (much)as 或suchas结构中。,Such teachers as he know are all kind to him. I want to buy the same pen as you are using. Dont buy such books as will do you harm.,(1) 意思不同。as 表示“正

9、如那样”, which 表示“ 这一点” “这件事”。,(2)as 所引导的从句可放在主句前或主句后；而which所引导的从句只可放在主句后。,(3)as所引导的从句中，动词常用know, see, expect, point out, say, tell, report等。,5. as 和 which 都可以引导非限定性定语从句，指代主句一句话的内容，这时它们的区别是:,As we know , China is a developing country. As is known, China is a developing country. His dog died ,which made

10、 him unhappy.,II. 关系副词when, where, why的用法,(1)when指时间，在从句中作时间状语。,(2)where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。,(3)why的先行词只有reason，why在从句中作原因状语。,关系副词 =,介词 + 关系代词,1.I will never forget the day when/on which I reached here. 2.This is the school where/at which I used to teach.,III 使用定语从句时应注意的问题,1.在定语从句中，关系代词和关系副词必须充当句子成分。,2.关系

11、代词的人称，性，数要和先行词保持一致，在从句中作主语时，注意其后的谓语动词与先行词保持一致。,I, who am a student, study very hard.,He is one of the students who believe it. He is the only one of the students who believes it.,The number of people (who were killed or injured) reached more than 400,000,4.the way （方式，方法）作先行词时，关系代词用 that / in which

12、/ 不填。,3.在限定性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词可以省略；但在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词不可以省略。,Exercises: I.Fill in the blanks The man _ you met yesterday is a friend of mine. 2. Did you see the letter _ was put on your table ? 3. Here comes the man _ English is excellent.,whom/who/that,which/that,whose,4. That is the day _ I was born. 5.

13、I dont know the reason _ he was late. 6. Who is the girl _ is standing at the door ? 7. That is the book _ the cover is blue. 8. He was proud, _ I dislike very much.,When/on which,why / for which,that,of which,which,II. Choose the best answers She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her

14、 mouth. (NMET91) A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.(92) A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom,B,D,3. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expected. (NMET94) A.what B.which C.that D.it 4. After living i

15、n Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. (NMET96) A. where B.which C.that D.when,B,A,5. Carol said the work would be done by October,_ personally I doubt very much. (NMET1999) A.it B.that C.when D.which 6. This is the way _ I am thinking of to do it. A.how B.wit

16、h which C.by which D.,D,D,7. He invited ten friends to his home ; _ are foreigners. A. six of whom B. the six of whom C. six of them D. the six of them 8. He invited ten friends to his home , _ are foreigners. A. six of whom B. the six of whom C. six of them D. the six of them,C,A,9. My hometown is

17、not the same _ it used to be ten years ago. A.like B.as C.that D.which 10. Is this the factory _ you work? A.which B.in that C.where D.what 11. Is this the factory _ you visited? A.which B.in that C.where D.what,B,C,A,12. Is this museum _ you visited last week? / B.which C.the one D.where 13. Is this the museum _ you visited last week? / B.what C.the one D.where,C,A,14. _ is known to all, Taiwan is part of China. A.As B.Which C.That D.It 15. _ is known to all that Taiwan is part of China. A.As B.Which C