二手数据在研究中的使用

1、二手数据在研究中的使用,how：“眼” 需要有理论透镜去捕捉、识别和选取适用的二手数据（理论训练！文献储备！研究功力！）“法” 方法得当！审慎的对待二手数据，详细介绍理论构建、数据源的选择以及编码 “工” 有耐心，肯花时间，不怕费事,作业,homework,确定范围,中卫县、民勤县、景泰县、景泰县、临泽县、金塔县、瓜州县、敦煌县等七个面临荒漠化威胁的县 对其地理位置、面积、人口、治理荒漠化工作历史沿革等主要内容进行了解，梳理其中的共同点 符合最相似/最不同研究设计原则,招募启事,简单的自我介绍,项目意义,伦理说明,联系方式,访谈问卷,通过培训高中生开展问卷,通过培训高中生开展问卷,六个等级尺度

2、： 很重要重要一般重要中立不重要不清楚,五个可能性： 十分严重严重中等严重不明显大大改善,定义特定研究的四个维度,改变覆盖面和空间范围将会改变分析单位，组织层级作为分析单位改变了，分析层次也就改变了,覆盖面,改变空间范围的案例研究,应用了试点-推广的办法,6,稳定的外部支持,7,三个案例,宋和村，民勤县 （成功）,张掖市，甘肃省 （不成功）,榆林市，陕西省（半成功）,改变文化背景的案例研究,=满足 =弱满足 =不满足,关于二手数据使用的一些思考,通过二手数据的表象获得对本质的认识,因此，首先具备提出关键问题的能力，其次具有功能强大的数据处理和分析能力,EVIDENCE ON REGULATIO

3、NS OF USE AND USERS 对使用和使用者进行管制的证明,Open Access (开放获取) Evidence consistent with Hardins prediction Incentives for successful resource management are absent from or weak in open access regimes 缺乏资源管理动力,Private Property (私有财产) Usually provides incentives for rational exploitation of the resource 通常提供理性

4、开发资源的动力,demand exceeds the capacity of the resource to sustain itself technology is available to exploit the resource at a high level,Depletion,economic incentive (not necessarily sustainable) eg. Late-maturing species like whales,EVIDENCE ON REGULATIONS OF USE AND USERS 对使用和使用者进行管制的证明,Communal Prop

5、erty (公有财产),Contrary to Hardin Social groups have the ability to design, utilize, and adapt often ingenious mechanisms to allocate use rights among members. 社会团体具备自我管制能力 eg. elaborate regulations on Japanese forest and meadow commons, cooperative self-regulation among New Jersey fishermen, village-w

6、ide system of irrigation in South India,Voluntary collective action can be feasible and effective,EVIDENCE ON REGULATIONS OF USE AND USERS 对使用和使用者进行管制的证明,State Property (国有财产),State governance does not necessarily ensure sustainable use. 国家治理可持续 Problems: Proliferation of such regulations eg. Noncom

7、pliance in New England regional fishery Seldom success in less-developed countries eg. poor resource-management infrastructure & problematic enforcement,Evidence on regulations of use and users,Communal Property Private Property State Property,success failure,Conclusion (结论),(1) Hardins model is ins

8、ightful but incomplete His four assumptions: open access lack of constraints on individual behavior conditions in which demand exceeds supply resource users who are incapable of altering the rules 22 years later, the herdsmen seek ways to: control access to the pasture agree upon a set of rules of c

9、onduct,Conclusion (结论),(2) Hardin overlooks the important role of institutional arrangements and cultural factors (3) Societies have the capacity to construct and enforce rules and norms that constrain the behavior of individuals (4)Co-management is a viable option eg. shared governance / state regulation jointly with user self-management / international cooperation (5)A new and mor