虚拟语气和倒装句

1、Unit 3 Understanding each other,Grammar and usage,Unreal conditionals state a condition or situation that is not real or is imaginary.,Unreal conditionals,虚拟语气,虚拟语气用来陈述一个不真实或者想象的情况。,We use unreal conditionals to state a present condition or situation that is not real or is imaginary.,If I got marrie

2、d in UK, I would expect a present.,2) I could reach the book if I were a bit taller.,3) If I had the chance, I might want to be a translator.,我们用虚拟语气陈述现在不真实或想象的情景。,We form unreal present conditionals like this:,If was/were/did , would/could/might do ,1. 假如现在我有更多的时间，我就会学习德语。,If I had more time now，I

3、would study German.,2. 要是我象你一样年轻,我就会找时间锻炼。,If I were/was young as you, I would find time to exercise.,Practice:,Would, could and might are often interchangeable, but with some difference in meaning.,would intention; plan,could ability; possibility,might probability,2) In written English or in formal

4、 situation, we usually use were in If-clauses in place of was. However, in everyday conversation, was is often used.,TIP,We also use unreal conditionals to refer to an imaginary past action.,1) If you had joined the chat room ten minutes ago, you would have known what we were talking about.,2) If th

5、e man had pointed with his first finger while he was in Brunei, everyone would have thought that he was very rude.,我们用虚拟语气表示想象中发生在过去的动作。,We form unreal past conditionals like this:,If had been/done, would/could/might have done,1)如果他抓紧时间，他本来能赶上那趟火车。,If he had hurried, he could have caught the train.,

6、2)如果你昨天告诉他，他也许会提些建议了。,If you had told him yesterday, he might have made some suggestions.,We use unreal future conditionals to talk about imaginary future situations.,1) If I had time tomorrow, I would certainly help you.,2) If I were to fail my Maths test, I would have to take it again at the end o

7、f the term.,3) If he should come tomorrow, I would talk to him about it.,我们用虚拟语气表示想象中发生在将来的情景。,We form unreal future conditionals like this:,Ifwas/were/did/should/were to, would/should/might do,1) 假如我要出国，我就会去法国。,If I were to go abroad, I would go to France.,2) 万一明天下雨，我们的郊游就推迟。,If it should rain tomo

8、rrow, our picnic would be put off.,We can also put should, were and had at the beginning of an unreal conditional sentence. In this case, if is not needed any more.,If you should make a mistake, you should not be embarrassed.,Should you make a mistake, you should not be embarrassed.,2 ) If you had t

9、old me earlier, I would not have this problem now.,Had you told me earlier, I would not have this problem now.,3) If you were to take the train, you would be there much sooner.,Were you to take the train, you would be there much sooner.,We can also use could + the present perfect with the if-clause

10、for unreal conditionals.,E.g. If I could have told you about cultural differences between Italy and the UK, I would have.,More practice,Fill in the blanks with the verbs given in the brackets in their proper forms.,1. You didnt let me drive. If we _ (drive) in turn, you _(not get) so tired.,2. _it _

11、(not be) for your help, I couldnt have made any progress.,had driven,wouldnt have got,Had,not been,3. Has Mr Smith recovered now? Yes. Who _ (think) that such a serious illness could be cured?,4. _it _(rain) tomorrow, the match would be called off.,would have thought,Were / Should,to rain / rain,6.

12、Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if _ _(get) a job, she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often.,could have been organized,/should get/got,5. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They said that it _ (organize) better.,were to g

13、et,7. Much labour would have been saved if electronic computer _ (invent) before.,8. Well done, Jack！ Thanks. But given more time, I _(do) it better.,had been invented,could/would/might have done,Choose the right answer:,Everything if Albert hadnt called the fire brigade.,will be destroyed B. will h

14、ave been destroyed C. would be destroyed D. would have been destroyed,2. The business is risky. But _ , we would be rich. A. should we succeed B. we should succeed C. might we succeed D. would we succeed,3. What would have happened, _, as far as the river bank?,A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob sh

15、ould walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther,4. I _ you some money, but I hadnt any on me then.,A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent,5. _ today, he would get there by Friday.,A. Was he leaving B. If he leaves C. Were he to leave D. If he is leaving,

16、6. Supposing this ship ,do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers?,were to sink B. has sunk C. was sinking D. sunk,7. I dont think hell attend the party, and _ he attend it, what would he wear?,A. were B. had C. did D. should,8.My boss often made me work day and night. I

17、f I _ you, I _ the job.,am, will give up B. had been, would have given up C. were, would give up D. had been, would give up,9. You can ask your brother for help. He isnt at home. If he _, I _.,were, would B. is, would C. is, will D. were, will,10. Are you thinking about going to Dalian for the vacat

18、ion?, No, but if I _ time, I very glad to go there.,A. have, will be B. had had, would have been C. had, would be D. had had, would be,11. Sally finally got here from Chicago., If she_ earlier, we _ her to the party then.,came, would take B. had come, would have taken C. comes, will take D. had come

19、, would take,12. If you _ George, would you please tell him to ring me?,saw B. were to see C. had seen D. see,Language points,I always buy the same brand of toothpaste just out of (= because of) habit.,出于习惯我总是买相同品牌的牙膏。,I used to swim twice a week, but I seem to have got out of (= ended) the habit re

20、cently.,我过去一个星期游两次泳, 但最近我似乎戒除了这一习惯。,habit用来指一个人根深蒂固的一种行为方式，它如此地根深蒂固，以致于人们不用有意识地去想就能完成这个动作。,fall into the habit of 养成染上某习惯 get into the habit of 养成染上某习惯 form the habit of 养成染上某习惯,break off the habit of 改掉.的习惯 get out of a habit 改掉某种习惯 kick the habit 美俚戒掉毒隐,custom习俗，风俗：某一特定群体或地区的人们所遵循的惯例,国与国之间的社会习俗有很大

21、的差异。,Social customs vary greatly from country to country.,eyes shining with expectation 眼中闪耀着期盼的目光 beyond expectation 料想不到 live up to sb.s expectations 不辜负某人的期望,expectation,That sounds like a good idea.,It sounds as if they had a good holiday.,那听起来象个好主意。,听起来他们好象度过了一个愉快的假期。,sound,高考链接, I was wonderin

22、g if we could go skiing on the weekend., _ good.,Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds,（2006湖北）,hopefully,Do you have a cigarette? he asked hopefully.,他满怀希望地问:“你有烟吗？”,高考链接,The committee is discussing the problem right now. It will _ have been solved by the end of next week. (2006江苏),eagerly B. hopefully C. immediately D. gradually,approval,1. 批准,通过,The project has now received approval from the government.,这项工程现在还没有得到政府的批准呢。,2. 赞成,认可,同意,He