论文选题课件

1、论文写作 杨朝军,什么是论文？,定义：一篇正式的、有一定长度且有详细文献根据的学术性文章。学士、硕士、博士/论点、条理、论述 意义：学位的需要；工作的需要；做人的需要。 原则：originality; availability; workability; reliability 步骤：1选题2收集资料3分析资料4初稿5定稿,一、选题,笼统的题目：了解+兴趣+想法 阅读和思考：新意 缩小范围：电影人生面面观 确定题目：自选、命题、混合 蹩脚题目：刘巧珍的美丽/人生中的气象/路遥的祖先/谁是好人/当 代陈士美/谁是最伟大的诗人：李白？杜甫？ 总结：新颖、界定明确、一个好的题目让人一眼就能得出结论：

2、好/坏，有/无价值，能/不能写，有新意/老生常谈,慧眼,人生老井中女性形象分析/刘巧珍形象分析 高加林的形象分析/高加林悲剧的心理分析/高加林的眼泪/高加林人生观的悖论/自强自尊的高加林/攀缘的凌霄花/人才与环境/于连与高加林的爱情观/于连和高加林悲剧文化心理之比较 老光棍 走西口,近年来的选题一览,新 深 全 少 结构：主体+理论+方法+发现。 补偿：例如：解构主义视角、以。为例 论文题目.doc,例子,Elizabethan Drama Shakespeares Tragedies Hamlet On Hamlets Insanity,A comparison between Englis

3、h and Chinese Proverbs,Proverbs are the treasure of language and the crystallization of wisdom. Both English and Chinese are rich in Proverbs. Since there is much in common between the proverbs of the two languages, it is feasible to make a comparison between them. This paper compares English and Ch

4、inese proverbs on six aspects: 1. the concepts of idioms and proverbs 2. the main features of proverbs The structure of proverbs The content of proverbs The origin of proverbs and their national characteristics The rhetoric in proverbs.,Usage of and,My thesis is to deal with the usage of the word “a

5、nd”. It is divided into two parts: coordinate usage and non-coordinate usage. 1. coordinate usage includes the following aspects: 1)to express compound or symmetry relationship 2)to draw forth compound sentence which is equal to clause of results. 3)to draw forth clause of time, cause appositive and

6、 so on 4)to draw forth the meaning of emphasis 2. non-coordinate usage includes the following aspects: 1)to link up two nouns in replacement of the structure “modifier+noun 2)to express subsidiary relationship 3)to express the same person or the same thing 4)to express metaphor or simile in some idi

7、oms 5)to link up two verbs in imperative sentence 6)to link up the same pair of words, expressing the repetition and continuation of time, activities and state 7)to link up two comparative degrees,简爱,简爱的矛盾性格与环境的关系 简爱的叙事结构分析 简爱的双重性格：反叛/自卑；勇敢/传统 简爱的性格特征 简爱的女性意识 简爱的翻译/译本比较 神性与人性的结合 简爱中的疯女人 Thornfield的解

8、读：生活、生命、爱情 从简爱看勃朗特的女性意识 简爱与傲慢与偏见比较 简爱与潘金莲 简爱中的社会等级制度 简爱中的哥特式写作手法 简爱的心路历程 简爱中的男权主义 男女平等的意识与女权主义,简爱,简爱的妥协性 简爱的白日梦 简爱的恋父情结 简爱中的意象美 简爱故事中梦的解析 简爱与林带于 简爱的文体风格分析 简爱中折射的女性社会身份 简爱中的败笔 简爱中的教育方式 简爱中的妇女陈规形式 简爱中的话语权 简爱中的灰姑娘原型 简爱与苔丝/杜十娘 简爱的报复心理 简爱中的婚姻观 谁能守住爱简爱与子君 简爱中的博爱 简爱与安娜,选题范围,文学类 语言学类 教学法类：教学法/教材/教学改革 翻译类 文化

9、类 其他类 选题方法：导师命题/自选/引导性 范围,二、收集资料,1.图书馆/网络/百科全书,32/kns50/index.aspx,2阅读,多读书 会读书 读好书,3笔记,原则：一张卡片/一条记录/有选择性 A笔记的内容：事实/想法/观点 B笔记的出处：姓名/题目/书名/出版地/出版商/年代/期号/页码 C笔记的种类：直接引语/转述/摘要/心得/旁白,D直接引语的记录,分辨观点，不能断章取义。 直接引语必须加引号，以免混淆。 省略好的使用：要保持意思不变，尽量保证句子完整，要标在省略的地方，段落省略要左右顶格。 必要的说明：sic He Marx suff

10、ered extreme hardships. In that year1848, Karl Marx and Fredrich Engles published the communist Manifesto.,E笔记的整理,铅笔标题直至定稿 纠正 合并 归类 重读 充实 例子：海明威和迷惘的一代/海明威的生活经历/海明威对美国文学的贡献/海明威的作品/海明威的创作风格和技巧/海明威论创作,文摘卡示例,Hemingways themes R.E.Spiller, 1997:231 “In one sense Hemingway was more limited in scope than m

11、ost of his contemporaries, for he had but a single theme; how man may meet death in a world stripped of all values except that of intensity.” d.q.,3分析资料,A论点 B提纲 C提纲类型 主题(中心思想) 1.简介 2.主要观点 2.1从属观点 2.2从属观点 2.2.1阐明观点的细节 2.2.2阐明观点的细节 实例a 实例b 3.主要观点 3.1从属观点 3.2从属观点 3.2.1阐明观点的细节 3.2.2阐明观点的细节

12、 3.2.3阐明观点的细节 3.3从属观点 4.结论,题目式提纲,Thesis: Foreign trade is beneficial to and indispensable for all nations. 1.Introduction;the foundation of foreign trade 2.The necessity of visible trade 2.1Lack of certain commodities 2.2Insufficiency of particular items 2.3Latest innovations and different styles of

13、 commodities 2.4The importance of a favorable balance of trade 3.The necessity of invisible trade: exchange of services between nations 3.1Transportation 3.2Insurance 3.3Tourism 3.4Technology 4.Conclusion: the purpose of foreign trade and the importance of the balance of payments,句子式提纲,Thesis: Forei

14、gn trade is beneficial to and indispensable for all nations 1.Introduction: the utilization of different economic resources and the development of different skills form the foundation of foreign trade 2. Trade in commodities (visible trade) is necessary between nations. 2.1 No nation has all the com

15、modities it needs. 2.2 A nation may not have enough of certain commodities. 2.3 A nation may sell certain commodities at a profit. 2.4 Latest innovations and different styles of commodities may make foreign trade necessary. 2.5 All nations strive to maintain a favorable balance of trade so as to be

16、assured of the means to buy necessary goods. 3. Exchange of services between nations (invisible trade) is part of foreign trade. 3.1 Nations vie in providing transportation for foreign trade. 3.2 Prudent exporters purchase insurance for their cargoes. 3.3 Tourism brings a nation huge profits. 3.4 Te

17、chnology is also exported and imported. 4. Conclusion: the purpose of foreign trade is to earn money for necessary imports and it is important to keep the balance of payments.,提纲须知,不要列单一的分项，一般来讲，有则有。 不要混合使用两种提纲。 同一等级的提纲要用相同的结构表示。 主题要用完整句，肯定句，不能用疑问句、短语或从句。,论证构架,总分式 层递式 并列式 综合式 散论式,Jane Eyre,The Indep

18、endence of Jane Eyre Thesis statement: Jane Eyre tried to preserve her self-respect, independence and self-sufficiency at every stage of her life, both in struggling with social pressure and in resisting the temptation of passion. Outline: At Gateshead, Jane began to realize the importance of indepe

19、ndence. 1.1 Jane, a poor orphan of ten, did not evoke sympathy from other people, because she was not pretty. 1.2 From John reed Jane learned that dependence and incompetence invited nothing but scorn. 1.3 In the “red room”, Jane began to realize that she needed to be saved from her blind fear of au

20、thority and be self-reliant. 2. At Lowood Institution, Jane gained strength from her teacher and fellow students to achieve her independence. 2.1 Jane learned from Maria Temple the value of independence. 2.2 Jane learned from Helen the importance of duty and self-control. 3. At Thornfield Hall, Jane

21、 showed her independence fully. 3.1 Jane worked as a governess to support herself. 3.2 Jane tried to regain control over her passion when she felt her loss of independence after she accepted Rochesters love. 3.2.1 She wanted to be his friend and companion, but not someone in his possession. 3.2.2 Sh

22、e told him she preferred his rude openness to his flattery. 3.2.3 She remained economically independent by maintaining her job as Adeles governess. 3.2.4 She refused to have sexual relationship with Rochester because she feared that she would lose her independence because of passion. 3.2.5 She left

23、Rochester because she did not want to lose her integrity and become his mistress. 4. At Moor House, Jane learned the pleasure of self-sufficiency. 4.1 Jane became spiritually stronger and more confident through her friendship with the two sisters, Diana and Mary Rivers. 4.2 Jane gained social respec

24、t by teaching in the village school. 4.3 Jane rejected St. johns offer of marriage because she did not want to live as a tool to serve God. 5. At Ferdean, Jane married Rochester as his equal after his wifes death and his loss of all his property in a big fire.,4初稿,A用自己的语言（引文不超10%）： W.E.B. Du Bois be

25、lieved that “the problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line”. Du Bois became aware of racial differences at an early age. He related this experience vividly: The exchange of childrens calling cards was merry, till one girl, a tall newcomer, refused my car-refused it peremptori

26、ly, with a glance. Then it dawned on me with a certain suddenness that I was different from the others, or like, mayhap, in heart and life and longing, but shut out from this world by a vast veil. Du Bois felt that dreams of opportunities and fulfillment were reserved solely for whites: The shades o

27、f the prison-house closed round about us all: walls strait sic and stubborn to the whitest, but relentlessly narrow, tall, and unscalable to sons of night who must plod darkly on in resignation, or beat unavailing palms against the stone, or steadily, half hopelessly, watch the streak of blue above.

28、 When his infant son died, Du bois was depressed, but yet he rejoiced because his son would not have to endure life behind “the veil”. All that day and all that night there sat an awful gladness in my heart-nay, blame me not if I see the world thus darkly through the veil, and my soul whispers ever

29、to me, saying, “Not dead, not dead, but escaped, not bound, but free.” No bitter meanness now shall sicken his baby heart till it dies a living death, no taunt shall madden his happy boyhood. Fool that I was to think or wish that little soul should grow choked and deformed within the VeilWell sped, my boy, before the world had dubbed your ambition insolence, had held your ideals unattainable, and taught you to cringe and bow. Better far this nameless void that stops my li8fe than a sea of sorrow for you. 正例：W.E.B. Du Bo