机械 模具 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 模具的发展趋势

1、译文一：译文一： 模具的发展趋势模具的发展趋势 1模具CAD/CAE/CAM 正向集成化、三维化、智能化和网络化 方向发展 （1）模具软件功能集成化 模具软件功能的集成化要求软件的功能模块比较齐全， 同时各功能模块采用 同一数据模型， 以实现信息的综合管理与共享， 从而支持模具设计、 制造、 装配、 检验、测试及生产管理的全过程，达到实现最佳效益的目的。如英国 Delcam 公 司的系列化软件就包括了曲面/实体几何造型、复杂形体工程制图、工业设计高 级渲染、塑料模设计专家系统、复杂形体 CAM、艺术造型及雕刻自动编程系统、 逆向工程系统及复杂形体在线测量系统等。集成化程度较高的软件还包括： P

2、ro/ENGINEER、UG 和 CATIA 等。国内有上海交通大学金属塑性成型有限元分 析系统和冲裁模 CAD/CAM 系统；北京北航海尔软件有限公司的 CAXA 系列软 件；吉林金网格模具工程研究中心的冲压模 CAD/CAE/CAM 系统等。 （2）模具设计、分析及制造的三维化 传统的二维模具结构设计已越来越不适应现代化生产和集成化技术要求。 模 具设计、分析、制造的三维化、无纸化要求新一代模具软件以立体的、直观的感 觉来设计模具，所采用的三维数字化模型能方便地用于产品结构的 CAE 分析、 模具可制造性评价和数控加工、成形过程模拟及信息的管理与共享。如 Pro/ENGINEER、UG 和

3、 CATIA 等软件具备参数化、基于特征、全相关等特点， 从而使模具并行工程成为可能。另外，Cimatran 公司的 Moldexpert，Delcam 公 司的 Ps-mold 及日立造船的 Space-E/mold 均是 3D 专业注塑模设计软件，可进行 交互式 3D 型腔、型芯设计、模架配置及典型结构设计。澳大利亚 Moldflow 公 司的三维真实感流动模拟软件 MoldflowAdvisers 已经受到用户广泛的好评和应 用。国内有华中理工大学研制的同类软件HSC3D4.5F 及郑州工业大学的 Z-mold 软件。 面向制造、基于知识的智能化功能是衡量模具软件先进性和实用性的重要 标

4、志之一。如 Cimatron 公司的注塑模专家软件能根据脱模方向自动产生分型线 和分型面，生成与制品相对应的型芯和型腔，实现模架零件的全相关，自动产生 材料明细表和供 NC 加工的钻孔表格，并能进行智能化加工参数设定、加工结果 校验等。 （3）模具软件应用的网络化趋势 随着模具在企业竞争、合作、生产和管理等方面的全球化、国际化，以及计 算机软硬件技术的迅速发展， 网络使得在模具行业应用虚拟设计、敏捷制造技术 既有必要，也有可能。美国在其21 世纪制造企业战略中指出，到2006 年要 实现汽车工业敏捷生产/虚拟工程方案， 使汽车开发周期从40个月缩短到4个月。 2.模具检测、加工设备向精密、高效

5、和多功能方向发展 （1）模具检测设备的日益精密、高效 精密、复杂、大型模具的发展，对检测设备的要求越来越高。现在精密模具 的精度已达 23m，目前国内厂家使用较多的有意大利、美国、日本等国的高 精度三坐标测量机，并具有数字化扫描功能。 如东风汽车模具厂不仅拥有意大利 产 3250mm3250mm 三坐标测量机，还拥有数码摄影光学扫描仪，率先在国内 采用数码摄影、 光学扫描作为空间三维信息的获得手段，从而实现了从测量实物 建立数学模型输出工程图纸模具制造全过程， 成功实现了逆向工程技术的 开发和应用。 这方面的设备还包括： 英国雷尼绍公司第二代高速扫描仪(CYCLON SERIES2)可实现激光

6、测头和接触式测头优势互补，激光扫描精度为 0.05mm，接 触式测头扫描精度达 0.02mm。另外德国 GOM 公司的 ATOS 便携式扫描仪，日 本罗兰公司的PIX-30、 PIX-4台式扫描仪和英国泰勒霍普森公司TALYSCAN150 多传感三维扫描仪分别具有高速化、廉价化和功能复合化等特点。 （2）数控电火花加工机床 日本沙迪克公司采用直线电机伺服驱动的 AQ325L、AQ550LLS-WEDM 具 有驱动反应快、 传动及定位精度高、 热变形小等优点。 瑞士夏米尔公司的 NCEDM 具有 P-E3 自适应控制、PCE 能量控制及自动编程专家系统。另外有些 EDM 还 采用了混粉加工工艺、

7、微精加工脉冲电源及模糊控制(FC)等技术。 （3）高速铣削机床(HSM) 铣削加工是型腔模具加工的重要手段。 而高速铣削具有工件温升低、切削力 小、加工平稳、加工质量好、加工效率高(为普通铣削加工的 510 倍)及可加工 硬材料(60HRC)等诸多优点。因而在模具加工中日益受到重视。瑞士克朗公司 UCP710 型五轴联动加工中心，其机床定位精度可达8m，自制的具有矢量闭环 控制电主轴，最大转速为42000r/min。意大利RAMBAUDI 公司的高速铣床，其 加工范围达 2500mm5000mm1800mm，转速达 20500r/min，切削进给速度达 20m/min。HSM 一般主要用于大、

8、中型模具加工，如汽车覆盖件模具、压铸模、 大型塑料等曲面加工，其曲面加工精度可达 0.01mm。 1 外文原文外文原文: : Die trendDie trend 1mold CAD / CAE / CAM being integrated, three-dimensional, intelligent and network direction (1) mold software features integrated Die software features of integrated software modules required relatively complete, whil

9、e the function module using the same data model, in order to achieve Syndicated news management and sharing of information to support the mold design, manufacture, assembly, inspection, testing and production management of the entire process to achieve optimal benefits.Series such as the UK Delcams

10、software will include a surface / solid geometric modeling, engineering drawing complex geometry, advanced rendering industrial design, plastic mold design expert system, complex physical CAM, artistic design and sculpture automatic programming system, reverse engineering and complex systems physica

11、l line measurement systems.A higher degree of integration of the software includes: Pro / ENGINEER, UG and CATIA, etc.Shanghai Jiaotong University, China with finite element analysis of metal plastic forming systems and Die CAD / CAM systems; Beijing Beihang Haier Software Ltd. CAXA Series software;

12、 Jilin Gold Grid Engineering Research Center of the stamping die mold CAD / CAE / CAM systems . (2) mold design, analysis and manufacture of three-dimensional 2 Two-dimensional mold of traditional structural design can no longer meet modern technical requirements of production and integration.Mold d

13、esign, analysis, manufacturing three-dimensional technology, paperless software required to mold a new generation of three-dimensional, intuitive sense to design the mold, using three-dimensional digital model can be easily used inthe product structure of CAE analysis, tooling manufacturability eval

14、uation and CNC machining, forming process simulation and information management and sharing.Such as Pro / ENGINEER, UG and CATIA software such as with parametric, feature-based, all relevant characteristics, so that mold concurrent engineering possible.In addition, Cimatran company Moldexpert, Delca

15、ms Ps-mold and Hitachi Shipbuilding of Space-E/mold are professional injection mold 3D design software, interactive 3D cavity, core design, mold base design configuration and typical structure .Australian company Moldflow realistic three-dimensional flow simulation software MoldflowAdvisers been wid

16、ely praised by users and applications.China Huazhong University of Science have developed similar software HSC3D4.5F and Zhengzhou University, Z-mold software.For manufacturing, knowledge-based intelligent software function is a measure of die important sign of advanced and practical one.Such as inj

17、ection molding experts Cimatrons software can automatically generate parting direction based parting line and parting surface, generate products corresponding to the core and cavity, implementation of all relevant parts mold, and for automatically generated BOM Form NC drilling process, and can inte

18、lligently process parameter setting, calibration and other processing results. (3) mold software applications, networking trend With the mold in the enterprise competition, cooperation, production and management, globalization, internationalization, and the rapid development of computer hardware and

19、 software technology, the Internet has made in the mold industry, virtual design, agile manufacturing technology both necessary and possible. The United States in its 21st Century Manufacturing Enterprise Strategy that the auto industry by 2006 to achieve agile manufacturing / virtual engineering so

20、lutions to automotive development cycle shortened from 40 months to 4 months. 2mold testing, processing equipment to the precise, efficient, and multi-direction (1) mold testing equipment more sophisticated, efficient Sophisticated, complex, large-scale mold development, testing equipment have becom

21、e increasingly demanding.Precision Mould precision now reached 2 3m, more domestic manufacturers have to use Italy, the United States, Japan and other countries in the high-precision coordinate measuring machine, and with digital scanning.Such as Dongfeng Motor Mould Factory not only has the capacit

22、y 3 3250mm 3250mm Italian coordinate measuring machine, also has a digital photography optical scanner, the first in the domestic use of digital photography, optical scanning as a means of spatial three-dimensional access to information, enabling the establishment from the measurement of physical mo

23、del output of engineering drawings the whole process of mold making, reverse engineering a successful technology development and applications.This equipment include: second-generation British Renishaw high-speed scanners (CYCLON SERIES2) can be realized and contact laser probe complementary probe, l

24、aser scanner accuracy of 0.05mm, scanning probe contact accuracy of 0.02 mm.Another German company GOM ATOS portable scanners, Japan RolandsPIX-30, PIX-4 desktop scanner and the United Kingdom Taylor Hopsons TALYSCAN150 multi-sensor, respectively Three-dimensional scanner with high speed, low-cost a

25、nd functional composite and so on. (2) CNC EDM JapanSodicklinear motor servodriveusingthecompanysAQ325L, AQ550LLS-WEDM have driven fast response, transmission and high positioning accuracy, the advantages of small thermal deformation. Switzerland Chanmier company NCEDM with P-E3 adaptive control, PC

26、E energy control and automatic programming expert systems.Others also used the powder mixed EDM machining technology, micro-finishing pulse power and fuzzy control (FC) technologies. (3) high-speed milling machine (HSM) Milling is an important means of cavity mold.The low-temperature high-speed mill

27、ing with the workpiece, cutting force is small, smooth processing, processing quality, processing efficiency (for the general milling process 5 to 10 times) and can process hard materials (60HRC) and many other advantages.Thus in the mold processing more and more attention.Ruishikelang company UCP71

28、0-type five-axis machining center, machine tool positioning accuracy up to 8m, home-made closed-loop vector control spindle with a maximum speed 42000r/min.Italy RAMBAUDIs high-speed milling, the processing range of up to 2500mm 5000mm 1800mm, speed up 20500r/min,cutting feed speed of 20m/min.HSM ge

29、nerally used large, medium-sized mold, such as motor cover mold, die casting mold, large plastic surface machining, the surface precision up to 0.01mm. 4 译文二：译文二： 快速经济制模技术类型快速经济制模技术类型 快速经济制模技术与传统的机械加工相比，具有制模周期短、成本低、精度 与寿命又能满足生产上的使用要求， 是综合经济效益比较显著的一类制造模具的 技术，概括起来，有以下几种类别。 1.表面成型制模技术 表面成型制模技术，主要是利用喷涂、

30、电铸、化学腐蚀等新的工艺方法形成 2.浇铸成型制模技术 浇铸成型制模技术的共同特点是依样件为基准，浇铸出凸、凹模，型腔表面 不需要机械加工。 3.挤压成型技术 （1）冷挤压成型 利用铍铜合金的良好的导热性和稳定性， 经固熔时效处理后，采用冷挤压制 造模具凹模型腔。其特点是制造周期短，型腔精度高(IT7 级)，表面粗糙度 Ra=0.025m,强度高，寿命可达 50 5 （2）超塑成型制模技术 该技术是利用金属材料在细化晶粒、一定成型温度、低变形速率条件下，材 料具有最佳超塑性时，将事先制作好的凸模， 用较小的力便可挤压出凹模的一种 快速经济制模技术。超塑成型材料的典型代表是 Zn-22%AL 4

31、.无模多点成形技术 无模多点快速成形技术是以 CAD/CAM/CAT 技术为主要手段， 利用计算机控制 高度可调基本体群形成上下成形面， 代替传统模具对板料进行三维曲面成形的又 一现代先进制造技术。此项技术可以随意改变变形路径与受力状态，提高材料的 5.凯维朗(KEVRON)钢带冲裁落料制模技术 新型钢带冲裁落料制模技术是一种不同于一般具有凸、凹模结构的钢带模， 它是由单刃钢带与特制垫板组成的新型快速经济制模技术。这种模具重量轻，一 般只有 200kg，加工精度为 0.35-0.50mm，可适合各种黑色和有色金属的 0.5-0.65mm 厚的板料加工。寿命可达到 5-25 6.模具毛坯的快速制

32、造技术实型铸造 由于大量的模具是属于单件或小批量生产， 模具毛坯的制造质量和周期及成 现代模具毛坯已广泛地采用子实型铸造技术， 所谓实型铸造就是利用泡沫塑 料(聚苯乙烯PS 或聚甲基丙烯酸酯PMMA)制作代替传统的木模或金属模，造 型后不需取出模型，便可以浇铸，泡沫塑料模型的高温液体金属作用下，迅速燃 烧气化而消失，金属液取代原来泡沫塑料模型所占有的位置，冷凝后形成铸件。 （1）干砂实型铸造 即用 55-100 目的全干没有任何粘结剂的石英砂造型， 用 EPS 或 PMMA 泡沫塑 料制作的模型涂挂 0.2-1mm 厚透气性良好的耐火涂料层，以提高铸件表面光洁 （2）负压实型铸造 负压实型铸造

33、又称 V 法造型。该技术是使用全干而无粘结剂的石英砂做型 砂，用 EPS 或 PMMA 泡沫塑料做模型，在塑料薄膜的密封条件下，让整个铸型在 负压条件下(真空度 0.4-0.67MPa)进行液体金属浇铸，铸件凝固后解除负压即可 （3）树脂砂实型铸造 利用树脂砂做型砂，用 EPS 或 PMMA 泡沫塑料做模型，在常温、常压下进行 液体金属浇铸而制取铸件。利用实型铸造的技术制造模具毛坯具有尺寸精度高 (ISO9 级)，加工余量小(一般在 5mm 左右)，不需要拔模斜度，不需要制型芯与 泥芯撑，节省金属材料，节省做木模型的木材，制造周期短，成本低。该技术适 合大型、复杂、单件模具毛坯的生产。陶瓷型精

34、铸、失蜡精铸等技术在提高模具 毛坯精度、降低加工工时、缩短制造周期、降低成本等方面也显示出其特有的优 6 7.其它方面技术 为了简化模具的结构设计，降低模具成本，缩短模具制造周期，在国内外也 先后出现了一些其它方面新技术的应用，如快换模架、冲压单元、刃口堆焊、镶 外文原文：外文原文： Fast economical pattern makings technologies typeFast economical pattern makings technologies type Thefasteconomicalpatternmakingtechnologyandthetraditional

35、machine-finishing compares, has the pattern making cycle short, the cost is low, the precision and the life can satisfy in the production the operation requirements, is synthesizes an economic efficiency quite remarkable kind to make the mold the technology, summarizes below, has several types to le

36、ave. 1surfaces take shape the pattern making technology The surface takes shape the pattern making technology, mainly is the use spurts spreads, the electrolytic casting, chemistry corrosion and so on the new technique formation cavity surface and the fine pattern one kind of craft technology. 2spri

37、nkle to cast into the type system mold technique Sprinkling to cast into technical and common characteristics of the type system mold is according to the kind piece for basis, sprinkle a convex and cave mold, a surface do not need the machine to process. 3extrusions takes shape the technology (1) co

38、ld extrusions takes shape Using the berylliuim copper alloy good thermal conductivity and the stability, after the solid melt aging treatment of metal, use the swaging pressure to make the mold concave model cavity. Its characteristic is makes the cycle short, the cavity precision is high (the IT7 l

39、evel), surface roughness Ra=0.025 mu m, The intensity is high, the life may reach 500,000 times, does not have the environmental pollution. (2) ultra models takes shape the pattern making technology This technology is using the metal material in the thin crystal grain, certainly takes shape the temp

40、erature, under the low distortion speed condition, when the material has the best superplasticity, toes attend to carry out raised mold which the initiative finishes, then may extrude the concave mold with the small strength one kind of fast economical pattern making technology. Ultra models takes s

41、hape material typical representative is Zn-22%AL. 4does not have the mold multi- spots forming technology Does nothavethemoldmulti-spotsfast forming technologyisby CAD/CAM/CAT The technology is the main method about, may adjust the base main 7 body group highly using the computer control to form for

42、ms the surface, replaces the traditional mold to carry on the three dimensional curved surface forming to the sheet an modern advanced manufacture technology. This technology may change the distortion way and the stressful condition at will, enhances the material the formed limit, may form repeatedl

43、y, by this elimination material interior remaining stress, the realization does not have the snapping back forming 5triumphant Uygur bright steel belt blanking falls the material pattern making technology The new steel belt blanking falls the material pattern making technology is one kind is differe

44、nt with has raised, the concave mold structure steel belt mold generally, it is with specially makes the new fast economical pattern making technology by the single edge steel belt which the backing strip is composed. This kind of mold weight is light, only then 200kg, the processing precision for 0

45、.35-0.50mm, may suit each kind of black and the non-ferrous metal 0.5-0.65mm thick sheet processing generally. The life may achieve 5-25 ten thousand, the production cost is low. 6. molds semifinished materials fast manufacture technology solid casting Because the massive molds are belong to the sin

46、gle unit or the production, the mold semifinished materials manufacture quality and the cycle and the cost to the final mold quality and cyclical and the cost influence are very important. The modern mold semifinished materials widely have used the seeds casting technology, the so-called solid casti

47、ng is (polystyrene PS either polymethacrylate PMMA) manufactures using the foam plastics replaces traditional the wooden mold or the metal pattern, after the modelling does not have to take out the model, then may the casting, under the foam plastics model high temperature liquid metal function, def

48、lagrate the gasification but to vanish, the molten metal substitution original foam plastics model holds the position, after the condensation forms the casting. The solid casting has the following several kind of situations in the practical application. (1) dry sands solid casting Namely all does no

49、t do any cementing agent quartz sand modelling with 55-100 goal, spreads with EPS or the PMMA foam plastics manufacture model hangs the 0.2-1mm thick permeability good fireproof coating level, by enhances the casting superficially attractive fineness, prevented the fat sand or collapses the box. (2) negative compactions casting The negative compaction casting calls V law modelling. This technology is the use all does but does not have the cementing agent the quartz sand to make the molding sand, makes the model with EPS or the PMMA foam plastics, in under the plastic film seal condition,