软件 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 ASP NET 概述

1、英文原文 ASP.NET Overview ASP.NET is a unified Web development model that includes the services necessary for you to build enterprise-class Web applications with a minimum of coding. ASP.NET is part of the .NET Framework, and when coding ASP.NET applications you have access to classes in the .NET Framew

2、ork. You can code your applications in any language compatible with the common language runtime (CLR), including Microsoft Visual Basic, C#, JScript .NET, and J#. These languages enable you to develop ASP.NET applications that benefit from the common language runtime, type safety, inheritance, and s

3、o on. ASP.NET includes: A page and controls framework The ASP.NET compiler Security infrastructure State-management facilities Application configuration Health monitoring and performance features Debugging support An XML Web services framework Extensible hosting environment and application life cycl

4、e management An extensible designer environment The ASP.NET page and controls framework is a programming framework that runs on a Web server to dynamically produce and render ASP.NET Web pages. ASP.NET Web pages can be requested from any browser or client device, and ASP.NET renders markup (such as

5、HTML) to the requesting browser. ASP.NET Web pages are completely object-oriented. Within ASP.NET Web pages you can work with HTML elements using properties, methods, and events. The ASP.NET page framework removes the implementation details of the separation of client and server inherent in Web-base

6、d applications by presenting a unified model for 1 responding to client events in code that runs at the server. The framework also automatically maintains the state of a page and the controls on that page during the page processing life cycle. The ASP.NET page and controls framework also enables you

7、 to encapsulate common UI functionality in easy-to-use, reusable controls. Controls are written once, can be used in many pages, and are integrated into the ASP.NET Web page that they are placed in during rendering. The ASP.NET page and controls framework also provides features to control the overal

8、l look and feel of your Web site via themes and skins. You can define themes and skins and then apply them at a page level or at a control level. All ASP.NET code is compiled, which enables strong typing, performance optimizations, and early binding, among other benefits. Once the code has been comp

9、iled, the common language runtime further compiles ASP.NET code to native code, providing improved performance. ASP.NET includes a compiler that will compile all your application components including pages and controls into an assembly that the ASP.NET hosting environment can then use to service use

10、r requests. In addition to the security features of .NET, ASP.NET provides an advanced security infrastructure for authenticating and authorizing user access as well as performing other security-related tasks. You can authenticate users using Windows authentication supplied by IIS, or you can manage

11、 authentication using your own user databaseusingASP.NETformsauthenticationandASP.NETmembership. Additionally, you can manage the authorization to the capabilities and information of your Web application using Windows groups or your own custom role database using ASP.NET roles. You can easily remove

12、, add to, or replace these schemes depending upon the needs of your application. ASP.NET always runs with a particular Windows identity so you can secure your application using Windows capabilities such as NTFS Access Control Lists (ACLs), database permissions, and so on. For more information on the

13、 identity of ASP.NET, ASP.NET provides intrinsic state management functionality that enables you to 2 store information between page requests, such as customer information or the contents of a shopping cart. You can save and manage application-specific, session-specific, page-specific, user-specific

14、, and developer-defined information. This information can be independent of any controls on the page. ASP.NET offers distributed state facilities, which enable you to manage state information across multiple instances of the same application on one computer or on several computers. ASP.NET applicati

15、ons use a configuration system that enables you to define configuration settings for your Web server, for a Web site, or for individual applications. You can make configuration settings at the time your ASP.NET applications are deployed and can add or revise configuration settings at any time with m

16、inimal impact on operational Web applications and servers. ASP.NET configuration settings are stored in XML-based files. Because these XML files are ASCII text files, it is simple to make configuration changes to your Web applications. You can extend the configuration scheme to suit your requirement

17、s. ASP.NET includes features that enable you to monitor health and performance of your ASP.NET application. ASP.NET health monitoring enables reporting of key events that provide information about the health of an application and about error conditions. These events show a combination of diagnostics

18、 and monitoring characteristics and offer a high degree of flexibility interms of what is logged and how it is logged. ASP.NET supports two groups of performance counters accessible to your applications: The ASP.NET system performance counter group The ASP.NET application performance counter group A

19、SP.NET takes advantage of the run-time debugging infrastructure to provide cross-language and cross-computer debugging support. You can debug both managed and unmanaged objects, as well as all languages supported by the common language runtime and script languages. In addition, the ASP.NET page fram

20、ework provides a trace mode that enables 3 you to insert instrumentation messages into your ASP.NET Web pages. ASP.NET supports XML Web services. An XML Web service is a component containing business functionality that enables applications to exchange information across firewalls using standards lik

21、e HTTP and XML messaging. XML Web services are not tied to a particular component technology or object-calling convention. As a result, programs written in any language, using any component model, and running on any operating system can access XML Web services. ASP.NET includes an extensible hosting

22、 environment that controls the life cycle of an application from when a user first accesses a resource (such as a page) in the application to the point at which the application is shut down. While ASP.NET relies on a Web server (IIS) as an application host, ASP.NET provides much of the hosting funct

23、ionality itself. The architecture of ASP.NET enables you to respond to application events and create custom HTTP handlers and HTTP modules. Introduction to the C# Language and the .NET FrameworkC# is an elegant and type-safe object-oriented language that enables developers to build a wide range of s

24、ecure and robust applications that run on the .NET Framework. You can use C# to create traditional Windows client applications, XML Web services, distributed components, client-server applications, database applications, and much, much more. Microsoft Visual C# 2005 provides an advanced code editor,

25、 convenient user interface designers, integrated debugger, and many other tools to facilitate rapid application development based on version 2.0 of the C# language and the .NET Framework. The Visual C# documentation assumes that you have an understanding of basic programming concepts. If you are a c

26、omplete beginner, you might want to explore Visual C# Express Edition, which is available on the Web. You can also take advantage of any of several excellent books and Web resources on C# to learn practical programming skills. C# syntax is highly expressive, yet with less than 90 keywords, it is als

27、o simple and easy to learn. The curly-brace syntax of C# will be instantly recognizable to anyone familiar with C, C+ or Java. Developers who know any of these languages are typically able to begin working productively in C# within a very short time. C# 4 syntax simplifies many of the complexities o

28、f C+ while providing powerful features such as nullable value types, enumerations, delegates, anonymous methods and direct memory access, which are not found in Java. C# also supports generic methods and types, which provide increased type safety and performance, and iterators, which enable implemen

29、ters of collection classes to define custom iteration behaviors that are simple to use by client code. As an object-oriented language, C# supports the concepts of encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism. All variables and methods, including the Main method, the applications entry point, are enca

30、psulated within class definitions. A class may inherit directly from one parent class, but it may implement any number of interfaces. Methods that override virtual methods in a parent class require the override keyword as a way to avoid accidental redefinition. In C#, a struct is like a lightweight

31、class; it is a stack-allocated type that can implement interfaces but does not support inheritance. In addition to these basic object-oriented principles, C# facilitates the development of software components through several innovative language constructs, including: C# programs run on the .NET Fram

32、ework, an integral component of Windows that includes a virtual execution system called the common language runtime (CLR) andaunifiedsetofclasslibraries.TheCLRisMicrosoftscommercial implementation of the common language infrastructure (CLI), an international standard that is the basis for creating e

33、xecution and development environments in which languages and libraries work together seamlessly. Source code written in C# is compiled into an intermediate language (IL) that conforms to the CLI specification. The IL code, along with resources such as bitmaps and strings, is stored on disk in an exe

34、cutable file called an assembly, typically with an extension of .exe or .dll. An assembly contains a manifest that provides information on the assemblys types, version, culture, and security requirements. 5 中文翻译 ASP.NETASP.NET 概述概述 ASP.NET 是一个统一的 Web 开发模型，它包括您使用尽可能少的代码生 成企业级 Web 应用程序所必需的各种服务。ASP.NET

35、 作为 .NET Framework 的一部分提供。当您编写 ASP.NET 应用程序的代码时，可以访问 .NET Framework 中的类。您可以使用与公共语言运行库 (CLR) 兼容的任何语言来编 写应用程序的代码， 这些语言包括 Microsoft Visual Basic、 C#、 JavaScript .NET 和 J#。使用这些语言，可以开发利用公共语言运行库、类型安全、继承等方面的优 点的 ASP.NET 应用程序。 ASP.NET 包括： 页和控件框架 ASP.NET 编译器 安全基础结构 状态管理功能 应用程序配置 运行状况监视和性能功能 调试支持 XML Web serv

36、ices 框架 可扩展的宿主环境和应用程序生命周期管理 可扩展的设计器环境 ASP.NET 页和控件框架是一种编程框架，它在 Web 服务器上运行，可以 动态地生成和呈现 ASP.NET 网页。可以从任何浏览器或客户端设备请求 ASP.NET 网页，ASP.NET 会向请求浏览器呈现标记（例如 HTML）。 ASP.NET 网页是完全面向对象的。在 ASP.NET 网页中，可以使用属性、 方法和事件来处理 HTML 元素。ASP.NET 页框架为响应在服务器上运行的代 码中的客户端事件提供统一的模型， 从而使您不必考虑基于 Web 的应用程序中 6 固有的客户端和服务器隔离的实现细节。 该框架

37、还会在页处理生命周期中自动维 护页及该页上控件的状态。 使用 ASP.NET 页和控件框架还可以将常用的 UI 功能封装成易于使用且 可重用的控件。 控件只需编写一次， 即可用于许多页面并集成到 ASP.NET 网页 中。这些控件在呈现期间放入 ASP.NET 网页中。 ASP.NET 页和控件框架还提供各种功能，以便可以通过主题和外观来控制 网站的整体外观和感觉。可以先定义主题和外观，然后在页面级或控件级应用这 些主题和外观。 所有 ASP.NET 代码都经过了编译， 可提供强类型、 性能优化和早期绑定以 及其他优点。 代码一经编译， 公共语言运行库会进一步将 ASP.NET 编译为本机 代

38、码，从而提供增强的性能。 ASP.NET 包括一个编译器，该编译器将包括页和控件在内的所有应用程序 组件编译成一个程序集， 之后 ASP.NET 宿主环境可以使用该程序集来处理用户 请求。 除了 .NET 的安全功能外，ASP.NET 还提供了高级的安全基础结构，以便 对用户进行身份验证和授权，并执行其他与安全相关的功能。您可以使用由 IIS 提供的 Windows 身份验证对用户进行身份验证， 也可以通过您自己的用户数据 库使用 ASP.NET Forms 身份验证和 ASP.NET 成员资格来管理身份验证。此 外， 可以使用 Windows 组或您自己的自定义角色数据库 （使用 ASP.N

39、ET 角色） 来管理 Web 应用程序的功能和信息方面的授权。 您可以根据应用程序的需要方 便地移除、添加或替换这些方案。 ASP.NET 始终使用特定的 Windows 标识运行，因此，您可以通过使用 Windows 功能（例如 NTFS 访问控制列表 (ACL)、数据库权限等等）来保护应 用程序的安全。 ASP.NET 提供了内部状态管理功能，它使您能够存储页请求期间的信息， 例如客户信息或购物车的内容。您可以保存和管理应用程序特定、会话特定、页 特定、用户特定和开发人员定义的信息。此信息可以独立于页上的任何控件。 7 ASP.NET 提供了分布式状态功能，使您能够管理一台计算机或数台计算

40、机 上同一应用程序的多个实例的状态信息。 通过 ASP.NET 应用程序使用的配置系统，可以定义 Web 服务器、网站或 单个应用程序的配置设置。您可以在部署 ASP.NET 应用程序时定义配置设置， 并且可以随时添加或修订配置设置， 且对运行的 Web 应用程序和服务器具有最 小的影响。ASP.NET 配置设置存储在基于 XML 的文件中。由于这些 XML 文 件是 ASCII 文本文件，因此对 Web 应用程序进行配置更改比较简单。您可以 扩展配置方案，使其符合自己的要求。 ASP.NET 包括可监视 ASP.NET 应用程序的运行状况和性能的功能。使用 ASP.NET 运行状况监视可以报告关键事件，这些关键事件提供有关应用程序的 运行状况和错误情况的信息。这些事件显示诊断和监视特征的组合，并在记录哪 些事件以及如何记录事件等方面提供了高度的灵活性。 ASP.NET 支持两组可供应用程序访问的性能计数器： ASP.NET 系统性能计数器组 ASP.NET 应用程序性能计数器组 ASP.NET 利用运行库调试基础结构来提供跨语言和跨计算机调试支持。可 以调试托管和非托管对象，以及公共语言运行库和脚本语言支持的所有语言。 此外，ASP.NET 页框架提供使您可以将检测消息插入 A