2012高考英语知识串讲4句法(简单句1)

1、4,2012 高考英语,By Krison,乱扯-译通”,Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows哈利波特与死亡圣器,复习进程,第一轮： 8.1-9.30 语法和技巧点拨 语法突破（重点是句法和动词的复习），同时进行完型，阅读的技巧训练。各位应利用早晚自习多听，多记忆，并且以阅读和词汇为主。 10.6-2.29第二轮语言知识点的复习 资料：世纪金榜 第二，三轮：3.1-5.26专题复习和综合强化训练 5.27-5.31查漏补缺 6.1-6.5自主复习 6.6-6.8玩,要求,1.必备词典，摸烂世纪金榜； 2.坚持词汇的积累（同学之间以3500词汇听写） 3.加强

2、范文和课文的背诵。 Dont be afraid of hard and dull work! 置于死地而后生！,学习方法,1。备考方法：落实 备考态度：踏实 2.两手出拳： 套题与专项交叉进行；速度与准确度同时训练； 生理与心态和谐发展；愉快考试，开心讲评。 学会适应，不再重复昨天的遗憾！,考试,1.月考轮流，考后总结题型； 2.校外试卷，难度稍高于高考。,语法框架图,一、句法： 1、按使用目的分： 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句. 2、按其结构可以分: 简单句 五种基本句型 并列句 复合句 定语从句 状语从句 名词性从句（ 主语、 宾语、表语、同位语从句）,3、倒装句 (全部倒装 部分倒装

3、） 4、虚拟语气 （三种基本结构以及错综条件句） 虚拟条件句的三种基本类型：与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反。 条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生： 5、非谓语动词 （功能，尤其是现在分词与过 去分词的用法） 6、主谓一致,（条件句虚拟）对现在情况虚拟：主句：would（could.）do 从句：过去式 对过去情况虚拟：主句：would（.）have done 从句：过去完成时 对将来情况虚拟：主句：would do 从句：should do/were to do/过去式

4、,二、词法： 7、名词结构 （可数与不可数名词，不可数名词前加不定冠词的用法） 8、动词的时态和语态（8种常用时态的熟练掌握，特别注意语境） 9、情态动词 （特别注意表推测和不表推测的情态动词的用法） 10、代词 （几组代词的比较） 11、形容词与副词 （相似形容词和副词的比较，倍数表达法）,情态动词+do 情态动词+have done 这两个有什么区别啊？ you should do 是你现在应该做 you should have done 是你过去应该做（但事实上你没做，这种情况可以用表虚拟）,句法知识,1.Reality is not the way you wish things to

5、 be, nor the way they appear to be, but the way they actually are.,2. In the silence for the pauses, we could hear each others breathing and could almost bear our own heartbeats.,Step 1 分析下列句子,3. Polar bears live mostly on sea ice, which they use as a platform for hunting seals.,4. The biggest probl

6、em for most plants, which cant just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.,Step 2,句子的种类,（一）按使用目的可分为:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句.,1）陈述句:说明一个事实或陈述一种看法. 光比声速度快. 这部电影很乏味.,Light travels faster than sound. （说明事实）,The film is rather boring. （说明看法）,2）疑问句:提出问题,有以下四种: A. 一般疑问句: 你能按时完成工作吗？

7、B. 特殊疑问句: 什么使得你如此伤心？ 你怎么知道那件事？ C. 选择疑问句: 你是要茶还是要咖啡？ D. 反意疑问句: 他不认识她,对不对？,Can you finish the work in time?,How do you know that?,Do you want tea or coffee?,He doesnt know her, does he?,What made you so upset?,3）祈使句:提出请求,建议或发出命令，省略主语you的句子。,Work hard, and you will succeed.,4）感叹句:表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪.由how

8、和what引导,好好干，你就会成功的。,多好的消息啊！,What good news it is!,How good the news is!,How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序 How+形容词或副词+ 陈述语序 What +名词+ 陈述语序 What+a+形容词+名词+ 陈述语序 What+ 形容词+复数名词+ 陈述语序 What+ 形容词+不可数名词+ 陈述语序,（二）句子按其结构可以分为:简单句、并列句、复合句.,判断下列句式,Both my wife and I are from Beijing. My father and mother go to work at 7 in

9、the morning. He likes playing basketball while I like playing volleyball. Remember to write to your parents as soon as you get there.,简单句,简单句,简单句,简单句,简单句,e. Peter received a letter just now saying his grandma would come to see him soon. f. No person shall smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or

10、pipe in this area” g. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons finished for the day.,（二）句子按其结构可以分为:简单句、并列句、复合句.,1）简单句:只含一个主谓结构. 她喜欢集邮.,2）并列句:含两或两个以上主谓结构,句间由并列连词或分号 连接. 食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口.,3）复合句:含一个主句和一个或几个从句,从句由从属连词引导. 我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了.,She is fond of collecting stamps.,The food w

11、as good, but he had little appetite.,The film had begun when we got to the cinema.,简 单 句,简单句五种基本句型 及练习,英语基本句型-1主+谓 本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。 如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。,如: 1. The red sun rises in the east. 2. So they had to travel by air or boat. 3.We got up e

12、arly so as to catch the first bus. 4. She sat there alone, reading a novel. 5. He came back when we were eating. 6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up. （并）,巩固练习：,1她昨天回家很晚。 2会议将持续两个小时。 3在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大 41919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。 5每天八时开始上课。 6这个盒子重五公斤。 7五年前我住在北京。

13、8秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 9我的爷爷早晨起得很早。 10. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。,1. She went home very late yesterday evening.,2. The meeting will last two hours.,3. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.,4. The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.,5. Classes begin at eight every day.,6.

14、This box weighs five kilos.,7.I lived in Beijing five years ago.,8.In autumn, some birds fly to the south.,9. My grandfather gets up early in the morning.,10.Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.,英语基本句型-2主+谓+宾,本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。 宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。,如：1. Tom made a

15、 hole in the wall. 2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They havent decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago. 5. It took them ten years to build the dam. 7. Mother promises to give me a present.,1昨晚我写了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3这本书他读过多次了。 4他们成功地完成了计划。 5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。 6我收

16、到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 7Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。 8我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 9. 他不知道说什麽好。 10. 我开窗户你在意吗？,巩固练习：,1. I wrote a letter last night. 2. I want to talk with you this afternoon. 3. He has read this book many times. 4. They have carried out the plan successfully. 5. That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.,6

17、. I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia. 7. Jim cannot dress himself. 8. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 9. He did not know what to say. 10. Do you mind my opening the window?,英语基本句型-3主+系+表 本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主 语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有: 1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear,

18、look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand; 3.表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;,Our English teacher is thirty years old.,The cake tastes delicious.,We feel used to living in big cities.,The potatoes went bad in the fields.,Their boss seems satisfied

19、with the work.,Deep water stays still.,巩固练习： 1冬季白天短，夜晚长 2十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 3孩子们很少保持安静。 4她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。,In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.,At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.,Children seldom keep quiet.,Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.,5他失业了。 6树叶

20、已经变黄了 7这个报告听起来很有意思,He is out of work.,The leaves have turned yellow.,The report sounds interesting,英语基本句型4 主+谓+宾+补 说明: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如： The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut. The

21、y made Tom monitor. He used to do his homework with his radio on. 用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如： I found it very pleasant to be with your family.,巩固练习： 1我们叫她Alice. 2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3他们把小偷释放了。 4我要你把真相告诉我。 5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。 6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 7他每个月理一次发 8我们不会让她在晚上

22、外出的。,We call her Alice.,All of us considered him honest.,They have set the thief free.,I want you to tell me the truth.,The guards ordered us to leave at once.,Every morning we hear him read English aloud.,He has his hair cut once a month.,We wont let her go out at night.,9那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了 10她正在听人家讲故事。

23、 11我从来没看见这个字这样用过。 12他感到很难跟你交谈。 13我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。 14学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。,The terrible sound made the children frightened.,She is listening to someone telling stories.,I have never seen the word used that way before.,He felt it very difficult to talk with you.,I consider it possible to work out the pr

24、oblem in another way.,The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.,英语基本句型5 主+谓+双宾 说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如： She brings me cookies every day. 但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如： She brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。 常