学术英语综合 Unit 5ppt课件

1、精选,学术英语 综合,Academic English An Integrated Course,精选,精选,Unit 5 Philosophy,Unit Contents,Unit objectives,Text A,Text B,Text C,Academic language and discourse,Listening,Speaking,Writing,精选,Unit Objectives,1. Professional Knowledge Get acquainted with some important philosophical concepts (e.g. mentalis

2、t, epistemologist, phenomenologist, behaviorist, philosophical psychology, pragmatist, feminist, ethics of care, philosophy of science, etc.) 2. Reading Summarize the main idea of a text and grasp the two sides of an argument Understand difficult sentences (e.g. sentences with abstract meaning or am

3、biguous reference) Analyze complex or controversial issues critically,Unit 5 Philosophy,精选,Unit Objectives,3. Listening Know how to use note-taking forms 4. Speaking Know how to turn to a new point in discussions 5. Writing Learn to avoid plagiarism in writing,Unit 5 Philosophy,精选,Unit Objectives,6.

4、 Researching Carry out a small-scale interview study to explore how Chinese college students perceive philosophy today 7. Academic language and discourse Acquire some terms related to philosophy Learn some signpost language for classification Comprehend stylistic differences between formal and infor

5、mal English and acquire some formal expressions,Unit 5 Philosophy,精选,Text A Lead-in,The American science fiction movie Matrix （黑客帝国）describes a world dominated by robots who manipulated human beings. Do you think such a world would one day come to reality? Why or why not? Discuss these questions wit

6、h each other. Then read Text A to see how the writer might answer these questions.,Unit 5 Philosophy,精选,Text A Overview,Learn more about the two philosophical terms:,mentalism behaviorism,Unit 5 Philosophy,精选,Text A Supplementary information,1. Mentalist Mentalists are people who believe in mentalis

7、m. Mentalism is a school of philosophy which believes that mental phenomena cannot be explained by physical laws; instead, physical things can be explained in terms of mental things which exist in a real sense. Some mentalists claim that physical objects are merely sensations or perceptions, or that

8、 the whole material world is mental in nature.,Unit 5 Philosophy,精选,Text A Supplementary information,2. Behaviorist Behaviorists are people who believe in behaviorism. Behaviorism is a philosophical theory which believes that mental states can be analyzed in terms of publicly observable actions; in

9、other words, behavior can be described and explained without reference to mental events or psychological processes. This school of thought tends to emphasize the external sources of behavior and dismiss the internal sources (the mind). The mind hence has no independent significance.,Unit 5 Philosoph

10、y,精选,Text A Overview,2. Do Task 1 Critical Reading and Thinking to have an overview of the text.,conscious minds,in every way as if,it understands,think,what they do,what,he or she says and does,inner life,Unit 5 Philosophy,精选,Text A In-depth analysis,1. Explore difficult sentences in Text A.,Unit 5

11、 Philosophy,精选,Text A Difficult sentences,In countless movies, computers play a starring role. (Para. 1) Much of this is still science fiction. (Para. 1) Both the fantasy and the fact would have astonished our grandparents. (Para. 1) If the computer really is a “material mind”, then not only must we

12、 rethink this distinction, but we have broken it with our own creations. (Para. 2) The first response Ill call mentalist, for the sake of a label. (Para. 4) Wouldnt you have as much reason for thinking that M had a mind as you have for thinking that your mother does? But did you ever check that your

13、 mother has got brain tissue in her head? (Para. 8),Unit 5 Philosophy,精选,Text A Difficult sentences,Not if I know that its got silicon chips in its head. (Para. 8) If its the evidence of what your mother does that entitles you to believe she has a mind (and not, say, an innate prejudice), (Para. 9)

14、It seems that our conviction that people have minds is no better based than the belief that there could be understanding computers. (Para. 12) . in the same boat. (Para. 12) It is time now to find our way up that tower to have a look around. (Para.15),Unit 5 Philosophy,精选,Text A In-depth analysis,2.

15、 Discuss in groups about the questions in Task 3/Critical reading and thinking: What is your point of view Do computers have minds? Compare the views in the text with your own answers.,Unit 5 Philosophy,精选,Text B Text analysis,What is the writers focus? Philosophy in general or any branch of philoso

16、phy?,Learn more about American philosophy American philosophy could refer to philosophical work done by Americans within the geographical confines of the United States. It could also refer to the types of philosophical concerns and problems addressed; namely, the focus on the interconnections of the

17、ory and practice, on experience and community. Although different concerns and themes have occurred at different times, American philosophy both reflects and shapes collective American identity over the history of the nation. Traditional American philosophy featured George Herbert Mead, Peirce, Jame

18、s, Tufts, and Dewey whose philosophical thoughts led to the establishment of Pragmatism.,Unit 5 Philosophy,精选,Text B Text analysis,2. Summarize the main features of American philosophy today on the basis of Task 1/Critical reading and thinking/Text B.,3. Compare your answers to the questions in Task

19、 2/Critical Reading and Thinking/Text B.,Unit 5 Philosophy,精选,Text B Difficult sentences,Statistical and mathematical techniques of analysis vs. a more discursive, even narrative, style in social sciences (Para. 3) . the unexamined life is not worth living . (Para. 11) Like all such labels, these di

20、stinctions can be pushed too far. (Para. 4) Here the best advice is: user beware. (Para. 10):,Unit 5 Philosophy,精选,Text B Researching,Form into teams to do the task in Researching/Text B. Follow these steps: Report the research findings to the group Discuss the findings within the group Draw up a po

21、ster to present the research findings of the group to the class,Unit 5 Philosophy,精选,What do you know about the following terms? natural philosophy formal philosophy,Text C Text Analysis,Unit 5 Philosophy,精选,Text C Supplementary information,Natural philosophy Natural philosophy was the study of natu

22、re and the physical world in all its various dimensions before the development of modern science.,2. Formal philosophy Formal philosophy mainly deals with conceptual questions such as how people conceive of the world. It is supposed to be different from natural philosophy which deals with empirical

23、questions such as how the world happens to be. Here the writer uses this term to refer to modern philosophy.,Unit 5 Philosophy,精选,2. Contribute as much as possible what you know about the differences between science and philosophy.,Text C Text Analysis,3. Do the Task in Text C.,Unit 5 Philosophy,精选,

24、Academic language and discourse,Do Task 1/Language building-up/Text A.,Specialized vocabulary,Unit 5 Philosophy,精选,Academic language and discourse,1. Do Task 2/ Language building-up/Text A. 2. Do the following signpost language activity:,Signpost language,Read the following paragraph and find out th

25、e words that indicate classification.,Unit 5 Philosophy,精选,Academic language and discourse,Signpost language,Psychology, as defined, comprises a number of different kinds of enterprises, so different that they may seem to have nothing in common. One psychologist is engaged in vocational guidance; he

26、 spends his day talking to high school students, studying their academic records and their test scores and from these, in principle, showing the student how to clarify his own ideas about his future training and occupation. Another spends his day studying delayed reaction in goldfish or the navigati

27、on of bats. Other psychologists are assisting in the diagnosis of neurotic patients, doing research on the childhood experiences that contribute to neurosis, or taking part in combined research on the effects of tranquilizers. But all such disparate activities have this in common, that the methods d

28、erive from the same fundamental training in the procedures and conceptions of academic psychology, and that the worker is either putting the conceptions to practical use or trying to improve on them (or both).,Unit 5 Philosophy,精选,Academic language and discourse,Formal English,Do Task 3/ Language bu

29、ilding-up/Text A.,Unit 5 Philosophy,精选,Academic language and discourse,Collocation,Fill in the blanks of the sentences which are adapted from sentences in Texts B and C with appropriate prepositions. Philosophy in North America today is characterized _ enormous variety. Adding to this diversity is t

30、he emergence _ interest in various non-western philosophies. This kind of use of analytical techniques derives _ formal logic. The less formalized analysis is more akin _ the traditional writing of philosophers. This kind of analysis has ample room _ the more traditional style of philosophy. Some ph

31、ilosophers use formalized techniques in their approaches _ traditional philosophical questions. Some philosophers draws _ the work of both styles of philosophy.,by,of,from,to,for,to,on,Unit 5 Philosophy,精选,Academic language and discourse,Collocation,An alternative to the rule-governed analysis of morality, they put _ an ethics of care. The situation has resulted _ the professionalization of philosophy. Philosophy has not found its way _ the curriculum of high schools. At its core re