国际交流英语视听说B4U6最新版本ppt课件

1、,Unit,6,Health and Fitness,Book 4,Listening 1,seminar n. 专题研讨会 pesticide n. 杀虫剂 flame-retardant n. 阻燃剂 a. 阻燃的 lead n. 铅 chip v. 掉碎片 flake v. 成片（剥落） swordfish n. 剑鱼 mercury n. 汞，水银 pollutant n. 污染物 persist v. 继续存在 power plant n. 发电厂 in moderation （饮酒或吸烟等）有节制地，适度地 text v. 发短信 radiation n. 辐射物；放射物 head

2、set n. （带有麦克风的）耳机,Announcer: Everyone, I just want to thank Dr. Wallace again for being the first guest speaker in our Healthline series. We hope that this is the first of many seminars about healthy living in todays world. Dr. Wallace: It was my pleasure to be here. Announcer: So, now youve heard w

3、hat Dr. Wallace has to say about pesticides and how they relate to our health and the environment. Lets open the floor up for questions. We would appreciate hearing from you. I think we have our first question. Go ahead, sir. Male Speaker 1: OK. Heres my question. Dr. Wallace, I heard that flame-ret

4、ardants are now turning up in the human body. Is this true, and if so, how dangerous are those chemicals?,To be continued ,Listening 1,Dr. Wallace: All right. Well, flame-retardantswhich are chemicals that make products difficult to burnare added to just about any product that can burn, and they sav

5、e hundreds of lives a year in the United States alone. Unfortunately, one family of flame-retardant compounds called PBDEs have been showing up in the blood of humans, but little is known about their impact on our health. In high amounts, they have caused health problems in laboratory animals. Howev

6、er, it looks as though the small amounts of PBDEs that normally accumulate in the human body arent worth worrying about. Announcer: Thank you, Doctor. We have another question. The woman in the third row. Go ahead.,To be continued ,Listening 1,Female Speaker 1: Hi, Dr. Wallace. Im a mother of two yo

7、ung children, and I recently moved into anew apartment. I just found out that the walls are painted with lead paint. What should I do? Dr. Wallace: Well, its known that even very small amounts of lead can cause brain damage in children. If the paint is chipping or flaking, call your landlord. Its hi

8、s or her responsibility to fix the problem. Another good option is to move, but if you cant, at least make sure that your children arent exposed to paint chips or dust. Announcer: That sounds like good advice. Lets take another question. OK, go ahead.,To be continued ,Listening 1,Male Speaker 2: Hel

9、lo, Doctor. I eat a lot of seafoodespecially swordfish and tuna. Is there any danger to me from mercury in those fish? Dr. Wallace: Mercury is a very dangerous pollutant which persists for a long time in the environment. It needs to be taken seriously because mercury poisoning can permanently damage

10、 memory and our ability to learn. Coal-burning power plants are a major source of mercury. It gets into the water and into the bodies of the smallest animals first. These small animals are eaten by larger ones, which are then eaten by even larger ones, and so on up the food chain.,To be continued ,L

11、istening 1,Dr. Wallace: Large fish at the top of the food chain, such as tuna and swordfish, accumulate high amounts of mercuryand pass it on to people who eat seafood. Now, it doesnt appear that traces of mercury in the blood are a serious problem, but I could be wrong. Eating too much of those fis

12、h could raise the amount of mercury in your body to a dangerous level, so I would advise you to eat them in moderationmeaning a reasonable amount. Announcer: Well, it looks like we have time for one more question. The lady in the red shirt. Go ahead. Female Speaker 2: Hello and thanks for taking my

13、question. What Im concerned about is my constant cell-phone use. Could it have a negative impact on my health?,To be continued ,Listening 1,Dr. Wallace: Thats an interesting question and one Im sure many are concerned about. One common concern is the danger of driving and using a cell phone at the s

14、ame time. Cell phones take our attention off the road, and that can lead to accidents. The solution to that problem is simple: turn off your cell phone while driving, and dont ever text message while driving. Another concern has to do with radiation. For those of you who arent familiar with thisradi

15、ation is energy that certain machines and some substances produce. Large amounts of radiation can be dangerous. Cell phones send information using radiation, so naturally were exposed to that radiation when we use our phone.,To be continued ,Listening 1,Dr. Wallace: Cell-phone radiation has caused b

16、rain cancer in rats, but its danger to humans is difficult to assess. Some studies have indicated that cell phones are safe, but some other studies seem to link cell-phone radiation with brain cancer in humans, especially in people who have been using cell phones for a decade or longer. Im not altog

17、ether sure that you can eliminate radiation exposure from cell phones, but people who are concerned about it can reduce the risk by using a headset. This keeps the phone away from your head and exposes you to less radiation. Announcer: Im afraid thats all the time we have. Thanks very much, Dr. Wall

18、ace, for the information and advice. Well see you all at next months seminar about organic foods.,Listening 1,Listening 2,boulder n. 大圆石 bouldering n. 抱石（新兴的攀岩运动之一，与传统攀爬形式不同，其高度往往只在四至六米之间，无须携带复杂的保护装备） free solo climbing n. 无保护攀岩 thrill n. 引起激动的事物,Jennifer: Hi, Stan. How are you? How was your day? St

19、an: Hi, Jennifer. It was great. I spent today at Yosemite National Park. I was rock climbing. Jennifer: That must have been fun. How long have you been rock climbing? Stan: Well, I started doing it for exercise a few years ago. A half hour of rock climbing is equivalent to about an hour of jogging,

20、and I was climbing for three hours today. Jennifer: You must be exhausted. Stan: Oh, yes, its really challenging. And its great strength training too, for just about every muscle in the body. Jennifer: But isnt it a little dangerous?,Listening 2,To be continued ,Stan: Well, that really depends on wh

21、ich version of climbing you do. Indoor climbing takes place in a climbing gym. You can use safety ropes that catch you if you fall. The walls are pretty easy to climbnot too highand the floor is usually pretty soft, so it doesnt hurt so much if you do fall. Jennifer: It must be pretty safe, then, hu

22、h? Stan: It is, and its becoming really popular. Prior to 1980, there werent any climbing gyms in the U.S. Since then theres been a big expansion, and today there are climbing gyms in all 50 states. And its not just in this country. The expansion has been global, too. There are thousands of climbing

23、 gyms around the world. Jennifer: I didnt know it was so popular!,Listening 2,To be continued ,Stan: Oh, definitely. But a step up in difficulty from indoor climbing is outdoor climbing on huge rocks, you know, boulders that are maybe 16 feet high. You can use ropes for that, too, for extra safety.

24、That version of rock climbing is known as bouldering. But even more difficult than that is traditional rock climbing. In traditional rock climbing, pairs of people go very high up on a rock wallusually on the side of a hill or mountain. They bring lots of equipment with them. They connect ropes to t

25、he rocks so that they dont fall off. Jennifer: Wow, theres a lot of types of rock climbing. What kind do you do? Stan: Well, I do a different typefree solo climbing. Its really the ultimate climbing experience.,Listening 2,To be continued ,Jennifer: Whats free solo climbing? Stan: Its rock climbing

26、very high on rock walls alone and without any ropes. Thats . Jennifer: No ropes at all? Way up on the side of a rock wall? That must be terrifying! Stan: Yeah, I suppose initially I was terrified. But now I really love doing it. I cant describe what a wonderful feeling I get from it. Its such a thri

27、ll. Jennifer: But isnt it too dangerous? Stan: Well, free solo climbing is only for experienced climbers. Its true that if you fall, you can get hurt really badly or even die. In fact, there was a climbing accident in Yosemite last year, and now some people are demanding legislation to ban free solo

28、 climbing in the park.,Listening 2,To be continued ,Jennifer: Are rock-climbing accidents very common? Stan: Well, thats hard to say, but according to the data Ive seen, there is one death for every 300, um, every 320,000 climbs. And the American Journal of Preventive Medicine says over 40,000 patie

29、nts were treated in U.S. emergency rooms for rock climbing related injuries between 1990 and 2007. Jennifer: Thats scary. Doesnt that make you want to stop rock climbing? Stan: Not really. I believe that most accidents can be attributed to climbers being overconfident or careless. I only go where th

30、e climbing isnt too difficult for me, and I always try to be extremely careful.,Listening 2,To be continued ,Jennifer: But what about bad luck? Something could go wrong. The rock youre holding on to could break, or your shoe could slip, or . Stan: Yeah, I know. But you cant control everything in lif

31、e. If you dont take any risks, youll never have any fun! Im looking forward to going again next weekend.,Listening 2,To be continued ,SARS ( Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) n. 非典型性肺炎 monkeypox n. 猴痘 zoonotic disease n. 人畜共通传染病 remotelyad.（用于否定句）丝毫，根本 ecology n. 生态环境 Dan Scanlon 丹斯坎伦（人名） collapse

32、v.（因病或受伤）突然倒下 coma n.（ 因重伤或严重的疾病而引起的）昏迷 spinal tap n. 脊髓穿刺 Inconclusive a. 无明确结果的 disorientationn. 定向障碍 paralysis n. 瘫痪；麻痹 migratory a.（鸟或动物）迁徙的,Narrator: Monkeypox, SARS, West Nile . these new illnesses are all caused by viruses. And theyre all zoonotic diseasesones that normally live in animals, a

33、nd have somehow jumped into people. Twenty years ago, HIV was an obscure virus that evolved from rainforest monkeys. Today, some 40 million people are infected. Could one of these newly emerging viruses be the next HIV and threaten us all? G. Richard Olds (Professor of Medicine): For many years, Ive

34、 been giving a talk called “Revenge of the Rainforest”. And, you know, people always thought it was an interesting topic, but certainly not relevant to those living safely in Wisconsin or Ohio or Indiana. But there are lots of examples of diseases, rainforest diseases, becoming major public health p

35、roblems in the rest of the world.,To be continued ,Narrator: In 1999, a deadly disease emerged in the U.S. that had never been seen before in the Western Hemisphere. It was West Nile virus. Laurie Garrett (Science Writer): Nobody had even remotely imagined West Nile coming to the United States. I me

36、an, here is a disease, its entire ecology involves the Nile, Sudan, upper Egypt, swamp lands, a very specific set of birds and mosquitoes indigenous to that ecology. No one could have imagined it could emerge in the concrete jungle of Manhattan and Queens, and become a problem that now is seen in al

37、most every single state in the United States, and carried by indigenous mosquitoes, and indigenous birds.,To be continued ,Narrator: Partly because it was so unexpected, West Nile proved difficult to identify. It began with a number of encephalitis cases in New York . then hundreds of dead crows beg

38、an to appear. But it took time to connect the two events. Until 2002, Dan Scanlon was a healthy, vigorous man. Then he and his wife Betty were both bitten by a mosquito. Dan collapsed. Dan Scanlon (West Nile Virus Victim): I was in the hospital in a coma. And when I woke up, I found out that she was

39、 in the hospital; with apparently the same thing. They performed a spinal tap on Betty, too, and it was inconclusive. But all the symptoms are there exactly, and the doctor said, yeah, she definitely had West Nile virus. And I never saw her conscious again.,To be continued ,Narrator: Dans wife, Bett

40、y, was killed by West Nile virus. Dan himself was left badly disabled. Woman: Now watch yourself in the mirror, youre really getting tall. Narrator: The virus can cause inflammation of the brain, disorientation and paralysis. In 2006, West Nile killed 177 people in the U.S., mostly elderly, very you

41、ng, or with weakened immune systems. Fortunately, the chances of catching it are small. The disease is spread by mosquitoes, and one of them could have brought the West Nile virus to the U.S. All it takes is one infected insect to find its way onto an international flight. Now, West Nile is carried

42、by birds in the United States. As they follow their migratory routes, they carry the virus with them.,To be continued ,Narrator: One recent study showed that the virus has had a devastating impact on birds, killing hundreds of thousands. And now that West Nile is established in the U.S. ecosystem, i

43、ts probably not going to go away.,Listening 1,eliminate v. 消除，根除 consumption n. 吃；喝,In the well-known song Big Yellow Taxi, the singer asks a farmer to “put away the DDT”. DDT is a pesticidea chemical compound used to kill insects. Many farmers throughout the world spray pesticides on their growing

44、crops to keep bugs and other insects away. In the past, DDT was considered a safe pesticide. It was sprayed directly on children to kill insects and was even used to help make wallpaper for bedrooms. Since then, DDT has been assessed by scientists. After years of testing, scientists concluded that D

45、DT was harmful to humans, birds, insects, and even some ther kinds of animals. Farmers in many countries stopped using DDT after they learned it could be harmful. However, DDT was not eliminated from the environment. According to scientists, DDT persists in the environment for many years.,To be cont

46、inued ,Listening 1,Traces of the pesticide have been found in soil, animals, and in humans all over the world. In the past several decades, more and more markets have been offering shoppers the options of fruits and vegetables grown without pesticides or other chemicals. There is a growing number of

47、 people who appreciate these organic fruits and vegetables. People who buy organic food fear that the constant consumption of food grown with pesticides could be dangerous to their health. They worry that, little by little, small amounts of dangerous chemicals will accumulate in their bodies until t

48、he amount is large enough to cause health problems. Scientists are still researching the effects of pesticides on humans, but it is clear that the amount of organic food available is growing. According to the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture, people around the world spent over $50 billion o

49、n organic products and food in 2010.,To be continued ,Listening 1,Listening 2,workout n. 体育锻炼 yoga nidra n. 瑜伽休息术 retreat n. 静养所,Listening 2,To be continued ,Yoga was initially practiced over 5,000 years ago in India. In India, yoga is a tradition that is related to both religion and culture. Prior

50、to the 19th century, yoga was not well understood and was rarely practiced in other parts of the world. The introduction of yoga to other countries is attributed to the Indian yoga master Swami Vivekananda, who toured Europe and the United States in the 1890s. Many different versions of yoga are pra

51、cticed, from traditional styles such as hatha and Sivananda yoga to modern versions such as chair yoga and laughter yoga. For fans of yoga, it is the ultimate workout because it involves not only the body but the mind as well. There are many health benefits associated with yoga. It helps you be more

52、 flexible, stronger, and it relieves stress. Yoga-style meditation called yoga nidra can be very relaxing.,Listening 2,To be continued ,Some yoga teachers claim that just a half hour of yoga nidra is equivalent to two or three hours of sleep. As yoga grows in popularity, more people are teaching yoga and more yoga schools and centers are opening. Since the 196