新世纪第一册第01单元AB课文单词、语法

1、Working towards academic excellence constitutes one of the most important parts of college life and is the goal of most college students. Straight-A students, in this respect, can be of great help by sharing their secrets in achieving academic excellence. Read the following text to find out what som

2、e of these secrets are.,In-Depth,In-Depth,Secrets of Straight-A Students,A professor of education who has conducted major studies of super-achieving students revealed that top grades do not always go to the brightest students. According to him, other education experts and top students themselves, it

3、 is far more important for a student to know how to his or her innate abilities.,_,_,_,_,_,_,The students at the top of the class . academic excellence by mastering a few basic principles that others can easily learn. To begin with, top students know how to set their priorities right. Study time is

4、never compromised for phone calls, television programmes or snacks.,make the most of,attain,2,1,In-Depth,In other words, it is always placed above recreation. In addition, top students make a point of studying anywhere or everywhere. A top student who is also a top athlete memorises biology terms as

5、 he works out every day. Another student learns a new word every morning while brushing his teeth. Among all the students interviewed, every one agreed that study times are strictly a matter of personal preference. Some thrive at night when all is silent. Others prefer to study as soon as they come

6、home from school when the lessons are fresh in their minds. However, all agreed that consistency is a main factor if one is to perform well at all times.,_,_,_,_,_,proper places because he simply cannot afford time-wasting searches. Another student immediately files the days notes in colour-coded fo

7、lders so that they are available for review nearing examination time. Another technique advocated by top students is to read effectively. This includes speed-reading, improving ones memory or retention ability, and actively asking questions that will lead to a full understanding of the authors messa

8、ge.,In-Depth,A student must also learn to be organised. For example, a top student who is actively involved in his school band, track and field, rugby association and debate team disclosed that he keeps his things in their,3,In-Depth,4 It is also important for students to know how to schedule their

9、time. They must know how to pace each assignment or project according to their daily timetable and work ability so that they might not be overwhelmed by the tasks at hand. Being able to set timetables not only allows students more time to review and polish their work, it also prevents them from proc

10、rastinating. Top students believe that a secret of their success is the taking down of good notes during lessons and using them for revision. One student revealed that she writes notes from the text on one side of her notebook and those from her teachers lectures on the other side. This allows her t

11、o review both aspects of each lesson at once. The,_,_,_,_,_,In-Depth,student also revealed that instead of wasting time whispering to friends and getting ready to rush out of the class just before the bell rings, she uses those few minutes to jot down a two or three-sentence summary of the lessons p

12、rincipal points. She then scans the notes to refresh her memory before the next days class.,5 Another winning formula which teachers promote lies in a students ability to hand in neat work. According to one professor, the student who turns in neat work is already scoring an A.,_,_,on the way to,In t

13、he classroom context, it is equally important for students to speak up and ask questions. This is perhaps the best way for a student to clarify any doubts. Classroom participation also demonstrates a students intellectual curiosity. As a student concisely puts it, “Better grades come from better und

14、erstanding.” 6 The value of studying together was demonstrated in an experiment conducted at one top university. The study revealed that students who discussed homework and problems together, tried different approaches and explained their solutions to one another scored higher than those who laboure

15、d on their own. The experiment also illuminated the value of hypothetical tests conducted among the students and on their own. This means that students frame tentative,In-Depth,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,In-Depth,test questions based on their notes and give each other or themselves written examinations the day b

16、efore a test. Experts confirmed that students who devise possible test questions often find many of the same questions during the real examination and thus score higher.,7 Another technique employed by top students is to do more than the assigned homework. A student revealed that if her teacher give

17、s five problems, she will undertake ten. In the students words, “Part of learning is practising. The more you practise, the more you learn.” Last,_,_,_,In-Depth,but not least, all experts and top students agree that the most important “secret” of super-achievers lies in the crucial contribution by p

18、arents. From infancy, super-achievers were taught the importance of learning by their parents. The latter set high standards for their children and held them to those standards. They encouraged their children in their studies but did not undertake the work for them.,Instead of pressuring their child

19、ren, these parents were always loving, gentle and took pains to explain and motivate. They impressed the lessons of responsibility on their children, and the children delivered.,_,_,_,Key Words (B),Key Words for Text B,Key Words (B),Key Words for Text B,Key Words (B),1. It saddens me because I know

20、them in other corners of their life as cheerful people. (Para. 4),2) Paraphrase the sentence.,It makes me sad because I know that they are happy and cheerful in other parts of life.,1) Translate this sentence into Chinese.,这让我很伤心，因为我知道在生活的其它方面他们是开朗快乐的人 。,Sentences,2. The parents mean well; they are

21、trying to steer their sons and daughters toward a secure future. (Para. 9),2) Make a sentence with the italicized structure.,My parents always tried to steer me toward a secure future as they had planned, but I had my own determination.,1) Translate this sentence into Chinese.,父母的本意是好的，他们想引导自己的孩子走向无

22、忧无虑的未来。,Sentences,3. One part of them feels obligated to fulfill their parents expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. (Para. 10),2) Make a sentence with the italicized structure.,He did fulfill his parents expectations and finally became an outstanding scholar.,1) Tra

23、nslate this sentence into Chinese.,一方面，他们觉得有义务不辜负父母对自己的期望，毕竟父母比自己年长，该更有智慧吧。,Sentences,4. Its symptomatic of all the pressures put together. (Para. 13),2) Paraphrase the sentence.,This incident is a sign of all the pressures that come together.,1) Translate this sentence into Chinese.,这表明所有压力都汇集在一起了。

24、,Sentences,The following sentences appear in this unit. Reflect on the use of the articles in the sentences by answering each of the following questions.,Grammar,Grammar,2. A top student who is also a top athlete memorises biology terms as he works out every day. (Para. 2, Text A) Question: What wou

25、ld the sentence mean if we changed “A top student” to “The top student”?,1. A professor of education who has conducted major studies of super-achieving students revealed that top grades do not always go to the brightest students. (Para. 1, Text A) Question: Can we change “A professor of education” t

26、o “The professor of education”? Why or why not?,Grammar,4. It is easy to look around for villains to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, the students for driving themselves too hard. (Para. 1, Tex

27、t B) Question: Can we omit “the” in the italicized phrases? Why or why not?,3. Top students believe that a secret of their success is the taking down of good notes during lessons and using them for revision. (Para. 4, Text A) Question: What would the sentence mean if we changed “a secret of their su

28、ccess” to “the secret of their success”?,Grammar,5. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. (Para. 16, Text B) Question: Can we change “a teacher” in the original sentence to “the teacher”, and “the student” to

29、 “a student”? Why or why not?,Grammar,冠词的用法 一、不定冠词的用法 1、表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个，通常在第一次提到 某人或某物时用a / an，以表示与其他事物的区别。 I gave him a book yesterday. 2、用其中的任何一个代表他们所属种类的特性。 A horse is useful to mankind. 3、用在事物的度量单位前，如时间、速度、价格等，表示“每一个”。 The potato is sold at about 30 fen a jin.,Grammar,4、用来泛指某人、某物或地方。 A boy came

30、 to see you a moment ago. 5、用于某些特定的词组。例如：a few 几个， a little 有点，等等。 She has a few friends in this city. There is a little milk in the bottle.,Grammar,二、定冠词的用法 1、定冠词特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。 Do you know the man in back? It is not the car we are looking for. 2、如果第一次提到某人或事物的时候，用a / an，那么以后再提到的话，就变成特指的人或事物了。 I saw

31、 a film yesterday. The film ended at eight oclock.,Grammar,3、定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或用于自然界现象或方位名词之前。这些事物当然是特指的事物，不可能有两个或两个以上。 the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky, the world 4、定冠词与单数名词连用，也可以表示这一类人或事物。 The cat is an animal. 5、定冠词与形容词连用，可表示某一类人或事物。这可看作是省略了名词的用法。 The wounded were brought to the hospital. 注：

32、the 用在姓名复数之前，表示一家人：The Greens,Grammar,三、零冠词的用法 1、国名，人名前通常不用冠词：England，Mary 2、泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用冠词。 They are teachers. 3、抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词。 Failure is the mother of success. 4、物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词。 Man cannot live without water.,Grammar,5、在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词。 We go t

33、o school from Monday to Friday. 6、在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词。 The guards took the American to General Lee. 7、在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词。 have breakfast, play chess 8、当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词。 I cant write without pen or pencil.,Grammar,9、当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词：by bus，by train 10、有些个体名词不用冠词。 school，college，pri

34、son，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义。 go to hospital 去医院看病 go to the hospital 去医院（并不是去看病）,Grammar,11、不用冠词的序数词； a. 序数词前有物主代词 b. 序数词作副词 He came first in the race. c. 在固定词组中 at (the) first, first of all, from first to last,Grammar,Now, do the tasks on Page 30 i

35、n your textbook.,writing,Write an essay in about 100-120 words. You can choose any ONE of the following titles. I like to study on my own I like to study in a group College Is Not an Ivory Tower,About R. W. Emerson (18031882): R. W. Emerson, a US poet and writer who had great influence on the religi

36、ous and philosophical thought of his time.,Authors of the Quotes (1),About W. B. Yeats (18651939): W. B. Yeats, an Irish writer of poems and plays, whose early work is often based on old Irish stories. He is considered one of the most important Irish writers, and he won the Nobel Prize for Literatur

37、e in 1923.,Authors of the Quotes (2),About Galileo (15641642): Galileo, an Italian astronomer, mathematician, and physicist whose many discoveries had a great influence on modern science. He discovered mountains and craters (月球表面的环形山) on the surface of the Moon, and his study of the changes in the a

38、ppearance of Venus (金星) proved that it was moving around the Sun. He also discovered that if you drop objects of different weights from a high place, they fall at the same speed. He was punished by the inquisition (宗教法庭) because he believed that the Sun, not the Earth, was the centre of the universe

39、.,Authors of the Quotes (3),conduct vt. carry out or direct; go with and guide or lead 进行；实施；经营；处理；陪伴；引导，带领,These studies were conducted by four teams that coordinated their work.,We are conducting a survey to find out what the customers think of our service.,我们在进行一项调查以了解顾客对我们服务的看法。,Collocations,con

40、duct a meeting 主持会议 conduct an investigation 进行调查,Key Words for Text A conduct,reveal vt. make known sth. that was previously secret or unknown 揭示，透露；使（事实等）显露出来,Details of the murder were revealed by the local newspaper.,He didnt want to reveal his real feelings.,他不想露出他的真实情感。,Collocations,reveal sth

41、. to sb. 向某人透露某事 reveal sb. to be 显示某人是,Key Words for Text A reveal,Key Words for Text A make the most of,make the most of get the best advantage from 最大限度利用,Jim studied hard in the training class; he wanted to make the most of his chance to learn.,The occasion only comes once in five years, and the

42、y naturally make the most of it.,这个机会五年才有一次，他们当然会充分利用。,Key Words for Text A - attain,attain vt. fml gain or arrive at, esp. after long effort; reach正式 （长期努力后）获得，达到,He attained fame through many years of hard work.,We need to identify the best ways of attaining our goals.,我们需要确定达到我们目标的最好方法。,Key Words

43、 for Text A - attain,CF: attain, achieve firstly 首先；第一点,Im not going; to begin with, I havent a ticket, and secondly I dont like the play.,To begin with, John is too young for that kind of job.,首先，约翰做那种工作太年轻了。,Key Words for Text A in addition (to),in addition (to) as well (as); besides 除之外；另外,In add

44、ition to giving a general introduction to computers, the course also provides practical experience.,In addition to my studies, I got involved in lots of other activities.,除了学习以外，我参加了许多其他活动。,Key Words for Text A make a point of doing sth.,make a point of doing sth. take particular care about sth. 特别注

45、意，重视；总是要做（某事）,I always make a point of checking that all the windows are shut before I go out.,She makes a point of keeping all her shopping receipts.,她总是把所有的购物发票都留起来。,Key Words for Text A - perform,perform vi. do; carry out (a piece of work, duty, ceremony, etc.), esp. according to a usual or estab

46、lished method; give, act, or show (a play, a part in a play, a piece of music, tricks, etc.), esp. in the presence of the public 履行，实行，完成；表演,John has been training very hard and he hopes he will perform better for the 100-metre dash.,有些计算机一秒钟能完成超过十亿次运算。,Some computers can perform over a billion comp

47、utations a second.,Key Words for Text A - perform,CF: perform, conduct,这两个动词均有“做、在行动中执行任务”之意。 perform 指履行义务、职责或执行命令，所执行的任务一般比较困难和复杂。例如：,He wouldnt promise what he could not perform. 他不会许下无法兑现的承诺。,conduct 指挥、实现、进行，词义接近perform，但强调指导、领导或监督。例如：,The interview was conducted in English.,Key Words for Text

48、A - involve,involve vt. (in, with) (of a situation or action) have as the people or things taking part 常与in或with连用 （情况、行动） 使陷入，使卷入；牵涉，涉及,Fanny is actively involved in the drama association of our college.,I didnt mean to get you so much involved in the matter.,我本不想让你这么深地卷入这件事中来。,Key Words for Text A

49、 - file,file 1. vt. put (papers or letters) in a file 把（文件、信件）汇存起来，把存卷（归档），存档,These notes should be carefully filed away for future reference.,我们按照原籍国家把这些报告归档保存。,We file these reports under country of origin.,Key Words for Text A - file,2. n. a box, folder, etc. for storing papers in an ordered way,

50、 esp. in an office （办公室内的）文件匣（夹） 3. n. a line of people one behind the other 纵列 4. vi. march in a file 排成纵队前进,他们排成一列缓缓地走过他们领袖的坟墓。,They filed slowly past the grave of their leader.,Key Words for Text A - advocate,advocate vt. speak in favour of; support (an idea or plan), esp. publicly 拥护，提倡，主张,The c

51、ommittee doesnt advocate the use of violence.,许多人主张增设医院。,Many people advocate building more hospitals.,Key Words for Text A - schedule,schedule 1. vt. (for) usu. pass. plan for a certain future time 常与for连用一般用于被动语态排定；预定；把安排在,The opening ceremony (开幕式) is scheduled to take place on the coming Thursda

52、y.,他预定下星期一动身去伦敦。,He is scheduled to leave for London next Monday.,2. n. a planned list or order of things to be done, dealth with, etc. 预定要做事情的安排；程序表；日程表,Key Words for Text A - schedule,Collocations,on schedule 按照时间表，准时 ahead of / behind schedule 提前/落后于时间表 be scheduled for June / Monday 安排在六月/周一 be

53、scheduled for release / publication / completion 计划发布/出版/完成 be scheduled to do sth. 计划做某事,Key Words for Text A - overwhelm,overwhelm vt. usu. passive give too much of a thing to sb. 常用于被动语态使受不了，使不知所措,We were all overwhelmed by grief when we heard the news that over 4000 people lost their lives durin

54、g the earthquake.,I was quite overwhelmed by all the flowers and letters of support I received.,我收到的所有鲜花和支持信件使我激动得不能自已。,Key Words for Text A at hand,at hand rather fml near in time or place 较正式即将到来，在手边，在近处,When she writes, she always keeps a dictionary at hand so as to ensure that she uses every wor

55、d correctly and appropriately.,Always have your reference books near at hand.,要经常把参考书摆在手边。,Key Words for Text A polish,polish vt. improve by practicing; make smooth, bright, and shiny by continual rubbing （通过练习）改进，改善；擦亮,Ill need to polish (up) my French if I m going to France for my holiday.,Please

56、polish your shoes with a brush.,请用刷子把你的鞋擦亮。,Key Words for Text A take down,take down write sth. down in order to make a record of it 记录,Anything you say will be taken down, and may be used in evidence.,He asked his secretary to take down every word he said.,他让他的秘书记下他说的每一句话。,Key Words for Text A refr

57、esh ones memory,refresh ones memory remind oneself / sb. of facts by referring to notes, etc. （借助笔记等）使自己（某人）想起,In the middle of his speech he had to refresh his memoy by looking at his notes.,I looked the word up in the dictionary to refresh my memory of its exact meaning.,我在词典里查了这个单词，以便更清楚地记得它的确切意思

58、。,Key Words for Text A promote,promote vt. help the progress of (sth.); encourage or support 提倡；促进；助长,The organization works to promote friendship between nations.,The Prime Ministers visit will promote the cooperation between the two countries.,首相的访问将促进两国间的合作。,Key Words for Text A lie in,lie in (of

59、 abstract things) exist in the form of (sb. or sth.) 在于,The problem lies in the fact that they do not have a competent leader.,Our strengths lie in problem solving.,我们的优势在于解决问题的能力。,Key Words for Text A on the way to,on the way to about to obtain sth.; in the course of becoming or doing sth. 正在获得；正在变成；正在做,I