新课标 英语必修5 module5状语从句

1、状语从句,定义： 在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。,九类状语从句相关的连词,一、时间状语从句 二、条件状语从句 三、比较状语从句 四、结果状语从句 五、原因状语从句 六、目的状语从句 七、让步状语从句 八、地点状语从句 九、方式状语从句,when, while, before, after, until, since if, unless asas, not as/soas, than sothat, suchthat Because, for , since, as so that even if/though, tho

2、ugh/although where/wherever as if , as though,1. 时间状语从句：,引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：when, while, as, whenever, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, once等。如：,When he was still a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons. It has been 15 years since he left. Ill tell him the ne

3、ws as soon as I see him. Once you have got used to it, you will like it.,注意： （1）when, as, while when既可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。如：,When I was a boy, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.（同时） When the lesson was over, we began our writing.（从句动作在前）,As常引导持续性动作，侧重主句和从句的动作

4、同时发生。 He hurried home, looking behind as he went. He sang as he walked.,While：指的是“在某一时间里”，“在期间”，从句里的动作必须是持续性的，它强调主句和从句动作的同时发生。,如： While he was in London, he studied music. While we were watching TV, he was writing a composition.,While也可做并列连词，表示对照的意思。如：,He is tall while his brother is short.,当when, a

5、s, while表示“在一段时间里”，主从句的动作同时发生时，可以换用。如：,While (When或As) we were discussing, Mr. Smith came in.,（2）如果when和before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时不能译成“当时候” 和“在之前”，而要译成“就”、“才”、“这时”等。如：,The struggle lasted four years before the North won in the end.,(3) by the time(等到）, each time（每次）, every time, immediately（一就）, the momen

6、t（立刻，马上，一就）, the instant（一就）, the minute（一就）, soon after（不久以后）, shortly after（不久以后）都可以作为连词，引导时间状语。如：,Each time he came, he would call on me. You must show him in immediately he comes. I recognized him the moment I saw him.,By the time he was fourteen, he had taught himself advanced mathematics.,(4)

7、till和until 如果主句谓语动词是持续动词，通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到为止”。如： I worked till (until) he came back., 如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词，则用否定式的主句表示“直到才”。如：,I didnt go to bed until (till) he came back.,放在句首表示强调时一般用until。如：,Until he returns, nothing can be done.,（5）时间状语从句中谓语动词不能用任何一种将来时，只能用现在时和过去时表示将来时。,2. 地点状语从句：,通常由连词where和wherever引导, 如：

8、,Go back where you came from. Wherever you go, you must write to your parents. Where there is a will, there is a way.,3. 原因状语从句：,通常由连词：because, as, since, now that引导。区别是:,because：表示“因为”，直接而明确的原因和理由，语气最强，why提问的句子一般都用because回答。,He didnt come because he was ill.,since：表示“既然”，语气比because弱。,Since you are

9、here, you must do it.,as：表示“因为”语气比because弱，引 导从句可放主句前也可放主句后。,You neednt go with me, as you are busy. As I was afraid, I hid myself.,如果所表达的理由中含有推理的含义，多用since和as，不过since 语气比as 强，所表达内容有它自己的独特色彩。as 和 since 强调后果，since 比as 更强 调理由； 由for 和because则强调原因,而because又比for的效果更强些。,1.As that was not my name, (of cour

10、se) I didnt answer. （因为那不是我的名字，我（当然）不回答。） 2.Since that was not my name，I didnt answer.（既然那不是我的名字，我不回答。） 3.I didnt answer， for that was not my name.（我不回答，因为那不是我的名字。）,now that意思与since相似，表示“既然”。,Now that all the guests have arrived, lets have our dinner.注意： 在强调句中强调原因状语从句， 只能用because引导，不可用as或 since，如： I

11、t was because he was ill that he didnt go with us., because可以引导表语从句,而as, since不可以.,Its because he is too lazy., for也表示“因为”，弱于because。,It must be morning, for the birds are singing.,4. 目的状语从句：,通常由that, so that, in order that, lest, in case（以防、免得）等引导：,He got up early in order that he could catch the e

12、arly bus. She married him so that she might tend and comfort him. I explained again and again in case he should misunderstand me.,You should bring a dictionary in case you should need it. School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.,5. 结果状语从句：,由sothat, suchtha

13、t等引导： It was very cold, so that the river froze. There were so many people (=such a lot of people) in the room that we could not get in. He made such an excellent speech that every one admired him.,The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him. He was so angry that he

14、couldnt speak. He got so little pay that his family had to live on welfare money.,6. 条件状语从句:,由 if, unless, as long as (=so long as) (只要), 等引导：,If plastics and rubber are burned, they will give off poisonous gases. Unless you work hard, you will fail. You can go out, as long as (so long as ) you prom

15、ise to be back before eleven.,注意：条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态不可用将来时，只能用现在时态或过去时态表示将来时。,7. 方式状语从句：,由连词：as, as if, as though引导： The teacher told the students to do as he did. Leave it as it is. 随它去吧。 He heard a noise, as if someone were breathing.,as if和as though意义和用法大致一样，引导的从句多用虚拟语气，但也可用陈述语气。 He treats me as if I

16、 were his own son. He walked as if he was drunk.,8. 比较状语从句：,由连词asas, not so(as) as, than等引导：,I think it was as good as the one you lent me. No one can be more fit for his office than he is. He cant run so fast as she.,注意：“the+比较级(接从句)，the+比较 级(接主句)，这一句型也归在比 较状语从句内。如：,The more you study, the more you

17、 know. The harder we work, the happier we feel.,9. 让步状语从句：,由though, although, as, even if, even though, wh-ever, no matter-wh, whether引导.,whatever whoever whichever whenever wherever however,wh - ever,no matter who no matter what no matter which no matter when no matter where no matter how,no matter

18、 wh-,Whenever (=no matter when) you call on me, you are always welcome. Wherever (no matter where) you work, you can always find time to study. Take the one you like best, whichever (no matter which) it is.,No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks Im wrong.,Whether he comes or not, well discuss the problem this afternoon.,注意： （1）让步状语从句在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有时还可以插在主句中间。,（2）though与although同义，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化；后者较正式，多放于句首，不能与but连用，但可以与yet, st