英语高考定语从句的化简

1、定语从句的简化,定语从句的简化方法,引 言 定语从句是中学英语的难点语法项目，许多同学在学习和运用定语从句时，感到很难理解。若将其简化，理解起来就比较简单了。为了使句子变得简洁，往往可以把从句简化为短语，这也是句型转换常考的重点之一。定语从句简化的方法常见的有以下几种：,A foreign language is a bridge to friendship and science,1. 定语从句转换成不定式短语。 定语从句中的谓语动词是将来时或含有情态动词时，往往可把从句转化为不定式短语，从句中的情态动词可以省略，不定式的逻辑主语也可省略，但介词+关系代词引导的限制性定语从句转换成不定式短语

2、时，关系代词可省略，介词不可省。 例如：,A foreign language is a bridge to friendship and science,This is the best thing that we can do in memory of our beloved teacher. This is the best thing to do in memory of our beloved teacher. The next train which will arrive is from Beijing. The next train to arrive is from Beij

3、ing. He is a good person with whom you can work. He is a good person to work with. Have you anything that you want to say at the meeting? Have you anything to say at the meeting?,A foreign language is a bridge to friendship and science,There is something else that they can do. The T-shirt which his

4、sister bought for him is very nice, There is something else for them to do., The T-shirt bought for him is very nice,-Do you have anything else that you want to buy in the shop? Do you have anything else to buy in the shop?,A foreign language is a bridge to friendship and science,2.定语从句转换成分词短语。 如果定语

5、从句中的谓语动词是主动语态，用现在分词短语来替换从句；如果定语从句中的谓语动词是被动语态，则用过去分词短语来替换从句。如： The man who is standing over there is my English teacher. The man standing over there is my English teacher. Yesterday we had a meeting which lasted two hours. Yesterday we had a meeting lasting two hours.,A foreign language is a bridge t

6、o friendship and science,The boy who stands against the door is his younger brother. The boy standing against the door is his younger brother. The dictionary which my mother bought for me is very useful. The dictionary bought for me by my mother is very useful. The books which were written by him ar

7、e very popular. The books written by him are very popular.,A foreign language is a bridge to friendship and science,The girl who is sitting under the tree is my best friend. The T-shirt which his sister bought for him is very nice.,-The T-shirt bought for him by his sister is very nice.,-The girl si

8、tting under the tree is my best friend.,A foreign language is a bridge to friendship and science,3.定语从句转换从形容词短语。 如果定语从句中的表语是形容词短语，可把从句中的关系代词和动词be省去，使其转化成形容词短语。 I have broken the glass which was full of milk. I have broken the glass full of milk. She received a box which was full of gifts. She receiv

9、ed a box full of gifts. Several people ran out of the room which was full of smoke. Several people ran out of the room full of smoke.,A foreign language is a bridge to friendship and science,4. 定语从句转换成名词短语。 如果定语从句中的表语是名词短语，可以把从句中的关系代词和动词 be省去，使其转化成名词短语。如： Li lei, who is a child of only ten, has to d

10、o a lot of homework. Li lei, a child of only ten, has to do a lot of homework.,A foreign language is a bridge to friendship and science,5. 定语从句转换成介词短语。 如果定语从句中的表语是介词短语，可以把从句中的关系代词和动词be省去，用介词短语作定语。如： In our school there are lots of students who are from the countryside. In our school there are lots o

11、f students from the countryside. The books which lie under the bed arent worth reading. The books under the bed arent worth reading.,A foreign language is a bridge to friendship and science,6. 定语从句转换成单个形容词或分词。 如果定语从句中作表语的是单个的形容词、现在分词或过去分词，常可把这个形容词或分词放在所修饰的前面作定语。如： The child who is sleeping is my lit

12、tle brother. The sleeping child is my little brother. The man who looked tired stopped to have a rest. The tired man stopped to have a rest. The picture that looked beautiful was taken by my father. The beautiful picture was taken by my father.,A foreign language is a bridge to friendship and scienc

13、e,7. 把定语从句变成不定式复合结构作定语。 例如： Is there anything else that we can do? Is there anything else for us to do?,A foreign language is a bridge to friendship and science,8. 可以把表明身份、职业等非限定性定语从句简化为同位语结构。例如： Lao Zhang, who was our hospital driver, died yesterday. Lao Zhang, our hospital driver, died yesterday.

14、The old man, who is a famous scientist, s coming to give us a report. The old man, a famous scientist, is coming to give us a report.,A foreign language is a bridge to friendship and science,请用定语从句的简化表达法化简： 1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University. 2. The letter

15、 that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow. 3. The question that is being discussed is very important. 4. You are welcome to a party that will be given in our class at 7:45.,A foreign language is a bridge to friendship and science,以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来： The man sitting on the platform

16、is a professor from Wuhan University. 2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow. 3. The question being discussed is very important. 4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.,More examples below.,A foreign language is a bridge to friendship and science,（1）Do you kn

17、ow the man talking to my sister ? （2）The “crazy” gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means “you have a phone call” in Brazil. （3）Did you see that car being repaired ? （4）In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed. （5）The students to attend th

18、e meeting will arrive here tomorrow. （6）Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China. （7）The Yellow River, said to be “the mother river” , runs across China like a huge dragon.,A foreign language is a bridge to friendship and science,A foreign language is a bridge to fri

19、endship and science,简化宾语从句常用六法 在各类考试中，同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法： 方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如： Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon. We decided that we would help

20、him. We decided to help him.,A foreign language is a bridge to friendship and science,方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如： She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window. 注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，

21、且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如： Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ Could you tell me how to get to the station？,A foreign language is a bridge to friendship and science,方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。 The headmaster ordered that we

22、should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once. 方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如： He insisted that he should go with us. He insisted on going with us. The poor boy doesnt know when and where he was born. The poor boy doesnt know the time and the place of his birth.,A foreign language is a bridge to friendship and science,方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如： Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Ping found