20世纪英国文学

1、TheTwentiethCenturyLiterature,二十世纪文学,Background,Historicalbackground:TwoWorldWarsIntellectualbackground:FreudspsychoanalysisDarwinssocialevolution,LiteratureinThisPeriod,Generallyspeaking,wecallliteraturein20thcenturyModernismasasummarytoallkindsofliterarygenres.However,Modernismitselfisamovementbot

2、hwideanddeepandextendingintoalltheformsofliteratureandart.Becauseofitsverycomplexity,itisdifficulttodefineprecisely,butboththemodernistwritersthemselvesandsubsequentcriticalappraisalsagreethatitinvolvedaradicalanddeliberatebreaknotonlywithtraditionalformsofartbutwithtraditionalaestheticprinciplesrea

3、chingbacktoAristotlethathadformedthebedrockofwesternculture.,LiteraryTraitsin20thCentury:ModernismP282L,Modernismisarathervaguetermwhichisusedtotheworksofagroupofpoets,novelists,painters,andmusiciansbetween1910andtheearlyyearsaftertheWWII.Thetermincludesvarioustrendsorschools,suchasimagism,expressio

4、nism,dadaism,streamofconsciousness,andexistentialism.ItmeansadeparturefromtheconventionalcriteriaorestablishedvaluesoftheVictorianage.,Basicthemesofmodernism,Alienationandlonelinessarethebasicthemesofmodernism.Althoughmodernsocietyismateriallyrich,itisspirituallybarren.Itisalandofspiritualandemotion

5、alsterility.(WL),ThecharacteristicofmodernistwritingsP283,ComplexityandobscurityTheuseofsymbolsAllusionsIrony,TheTwentiethCentury,ModernismAngryYoungMenTheTheatreoftheAbsurd,AngryYoungMen,Duringthefiftiesthereappearedagroupofyoungwriterswhowerefiercelycriticaloftheestablishedorder.Theywerecalled“Ang

6、ryYoungMen”,atermtakenfromJohnOsbornesplayLookBackinAnger,whichfirstappearedin1956.ThewritersbelongingtothisgroupareKingsleyAmis,JohnWain,etc.Mostofthemcamefromworkingclassfamiliesandlowermiddlefamilies.Theywroteabouttheuglinessandsordidnessoflifeandexposedthehypocrisyofthegenteelclass.,TheTheatreof

7、theAbsurd,TheTheatreoftheAbsurdisatermappliedtoagroupofdramatistswhowereactiveinthe50s.Theterm“TheatreoftheAbsurd”wascoinedbyMartinEsslininhis1962bookbythattitle.ItreferstotheworkofalooselyassociatedgroupofdramatistswhofirstemergedduringandafterWorldWarII.(SamuelBeckett)Theabsurdityofhumanconditions

8、isthemainthemeoftheplaysoftheschoolofthetheatreoftheabsurd.P329,MajorFiguresin20thCentury,PoetryYeats:TheResponsibilities,TheWildSwansatCoole,TheTower,TheWindingStairT.S.Eliot:TheWasteLand,FourQuarters,TheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrock,TheHollowManNovel:HenryJames:DaisyMiller,PortraitofaLady,TheAmbassad

9、or,TheGoldenBowlJosephConrad:NiggeroftheNarcissus,Typhoon,Youth,LordJim,HeartofDarkness.E.M.Foster:WhereAnglesFeartoTread,TheLongestJourneyARoomwithaView,APassagetoIndianJohnGalsworthy:TheForsyteSaga,AModernComedyD.H.Lawrence:WhitePeacock,SonsandLovers,WomeninLove,LadyChatterleysLoverStreamsofConsci

10、ousness:JamesJoyce:APortraitoftheArtistasaYoungMan,UlyssesVirginiaWoolf:TheVoyageOutNightandDayJacobsRoomMrs.DallowayTotheLighthouse,Literatureafter1950Poetry:W.H.Auden:DylanMarlaisThomas:DeathandEntrances,APortraitoftheArtistasaYoungDog,AdventuresintheSkinTrade,UnderMilkWood,QuiteEarlyOneMorning.Ph

11、ilipLarkin:TheWhitsunWeddings,HighWindows,TheNorthShip,TheLessDeceived.EnglishDramaafter1950TheAngryYoungMenTraditionJohnOsborne:LookBackinAnger,Entertainer,Luther,InadmissibleEvidenceAPortraitofMe,ABetterClassofPerson.ArnoldWesker:ImTalkingAboutJerusalem,ChickenSoupwithBarley,ChipswithEverything.Jo

12、hnArden:TheLifeofMan,AllFallDown,TheWatersofBabylon,LiveLikePigs.SerjeantMusgravesDance.ShelaghDelaney:TheLioninLove,TheHousethatJackBuilt,ATestofHoney.TheAbsurdTraditon:SamuelBeckett:Molloy,MaloneDies,TheUnnamable,WaitingforGodot.Endgame,KrappsLastTrap.HaroldPinter:TheBirthdayParty,TheHomecoming,Th

13、eRoom,TheDumnWaiterTomStoppard:RosencrantzandGuildensternAreDead,Jumpers,Travesties.CarylChurchill:Cloud9,TopGirls.Novelafter1950WilliamGolding:TheLordofFlies.PincerMartin,TheSpire,TheInherition,CloseQuarters,FireDownBelowKingsleyAmis:LuckJim,TheUncertainFeeling,TheLonelinessoftheLongDistanceRunner,

14、TheDeathofWilliamPosters,TheWidowersSon,Storyteller,SaturdayNightandSundayMoring.AlanSillitoe:Robinson,MomentoMari,TheBalladofPechamRye,TheGirlsofSlenderMeans,DorisLessing:MarthaQuest,AProperMarriage,ARippleformtheStorm,TheFour-Gated-City,TheChildrenofViolence,TheGoldenNotebook,TheSummerbeforetheDar

15、k.,P158,PleaseretellthestoryP158,TheForsyteSaga,TheForsyteSagadescribestheloveandenmityofthethreegenerationsofalargeuppermiddle-classfamilyinLondon.Itgivesaprofoundandtrue-to-lifepictureoftheEnglishbourgeoissocietyduringaperiodoffortyyears.,TheForsyteSaga,ThemeItsmainthemeisthepossessiveinstinctofth

16、epropertiedclass.,TheManofProperty,TheManofPropertywasalandmarkinthedevelopmentofGalsworthysart.Thenovelshowsmaturityandconsummatecraftsmanship.ItmarksthesummitofcriticalrealisminallGalsworthysworks.Majorcharacters:SoamesForsyte,Irene,Bosinney.,D.H.Lawrence,D.H.Lawrence,Englishnovelistandpoet,oneoft

17、hemostinfluentialandcontroversialliteraryfiguresofthe20thcentury.,D.H.LawrencesWorks,TheWhitePeacock(1913)SonsandLovers(1913)TheRainbow(1915)WomeninLove(1921),AaronsRod(1922)Kangaroo(1923)ThePlumedSerpent(1926)LadyChatterleysLover(1928),thenovelcausedasensationandwasbannedinEnglandandtheUnitedStates

18、until1959.volumesofliterarycriticism,notablyStudiesinClassicAmericanLiterature(1916).,SonsandLovers,LawrencesfirstmajornovelwasalsothefirstintheEnglishlanguagetoexploreordinaryworking-classlifefromtheinside.SonsandLoversislargelyautobiographical.Itissetinacoal-miningdistrictandbasedontheauthorsearly

19、life.Plot:P163(Shen),MajorCharacters,WalterMorel,isaminer,easy-going,pleasure-seekingandirresponsible.Mrs.Morel,isarefinedandstrong-willedwomanfromthemiddleclass,whocanhavenosatisfactionintheroughnessandilliteracyofheruneducatedhusband.Paul,theherointhenovel.Miriam,afarmersdaughter.Clara,awomanestrangedfromherhusbandandpotentiallysensual.,Hisideas,Tohimmodernworld(money,industrialism)seemedtohavecorruptedmansemotionallife.Hethoughtthesalvationofmoderncivilizationliesinfreeexpressionofemotionsandintruepersonalrelationships,especiallythoseofmanandwomeninlove.,Hissubjectandart,