短暂性动词于延续性动词在现在完成时中的应用.ppt

1、,短暂性动词和延续性动词 在现在完成时中的应用,延续性动词和短暂性动词的概念 英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。,短暂性动词:也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish,start,marry,begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move,buy, borrow等。,延续性动词:表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep,

2、 have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。要表示状态和延续性动作时必须要用延续性动词.,常见的几个短暂性动词,.begin(start),leave,go, borrow,come,return. join,die,buy,arrive. marry,become。,短暂性动词的用法,1.短暂性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。 如： The train has arrived.火车到了。 Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？,2. 短暂性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不

3、能持续。因此,不可与for或 since等表示一段时间的状语连用。(只限于肯定式)如： (1)他死了三年了。 误：He has died for three years. 正：He has been dead for three years. (2)他来这儿五天了。 误：He has come here for five days. 正：He has been here for five days.,3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。 如： He hasnt left here since 1986. I havent heard fr

4、om my father for two weeks.,延续性动词的用法,1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示“段时间”的状语连用。表示“段时间”的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如： I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。,2. 延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的“点时间”状语连用。如： It rained at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词，而a

5、t eight表示“点时间”，前后显然矛盾。 如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。,以下几种 情况不能用短暂性动词，要用延续性动词1.for+一段时间2.since+过去时间点3.since+一般过去时从句4.since+一段时间+ago5.how long have/has？在以上结构中，不能用have/has+短暂性动词的过去分词。,在现在完成时中，短暂性动词如果要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,需把短暂性动词改为相应的表示延续意义的动词或词组才可以.,常见的短暂性动词变延续性动词: Begin (start) be on leave

6、 be away Go be there borrow(lend) keep Come be here return be back join be a member of(be in+组织点) die be dead buy have become be arrive in/at(reach,get to) be here/stay marry be married open be opened,例如：1.My pet has died for two days.(误)die为短暂性动词，不能与for+一段时间的状语连用，这里要把die转化为延续性动词。即die be dead，则 My p

7、et has been dead for two days.（正）,2.She has borrowed the VCD since three weeks ago.(误) borrow为短暂性动词，不能与since+一段时间+ago的状语连用，这里要把borrow转化为延续性动词.即borrow keep，则 She has kept the VCD since three weeks ago.（正）,3.He has left his hometown since 1986.（误）leave为短暂性动词，不能与since+过去时间点的状语连用，这里要把leave转化为延续性动词. He h

8、as been away from his hometown since 1986.(正),练习:,Do you know Huang Ting well? yes,she and I _ friends since we met in Wuhan last summer. A. have made B. were C. have been D. had come Mr.Green _Beijing since three years ago. A. has come to B.went C. had lived in D. has been in He _our school for two

9、 weeks. A. left B. has left C. has been away She _the dictionary for about twenty years. A. has bought B. has borrowed C. has had How long can I _ the book? Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep,C,D,C,C,D,练习:,6. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in 7.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A. has been opened B. has opened C. was open D.opened 8. We _since we came here . A.have been married B. have married C. married D. has married 9. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon.A. sle