英美概况第二册

1、Unit 2 Political System, Education and Economy,Government, Constitution 1、no written constitution 2、The Constitution Act 1986 3、head: Queen Elizabeth represented by Governor-General 4、single chamber: the House of Representatives,Parliament,1、Important function include passing laws , supervising gove

2、rnments administration and receiving petitions from citizens with grievances 2、122 MPs: 7 of these air Maori MPs,议会大厦(Parliament Buildings)位于惠灵顿市中心 是目前南半球最大的木造建筑，意大利风格的设计，是惠灵顿的象征,由于独特的外观而被称为蜂巢建筑。蜂巢一词因此成为新西兰议会的代名词。,Parties,Two main parties: National Party Labour Party Opposition: analyse, debate and

3、may oppose legislation introduced by the goverment,MMPR (Mixed Member Proportional Representation),1、 Under MMPR, each voter has two votes, the first for a candidate in their electorate, the second for a political party,2、 MMPR offers an opportunity for a range of parties to gain seats by achieving

4、at least 5% of party vote,the Cabinet,The Prime Minister chooses up to 20 MPs to form the Cabinet Ministers responsibilities are called “portfolios”,黄徐毓芳 新西兰首位华人内阁部长 因涉嫌使用公款报销其丈夫海外旅行费用而于2010年11月12日宣布主动辞去内阁部长职务。,The Ombudsman,The Ombudsman is appointed by Parliament to investigate peoples complaints

5、against government departments and local authorities , and to ensure that appropriate official information is freely available to public under the Official Information Act,Local Government,Three levels: Regional council Territorial authorities Community boards,Education,Ages of 6 and 16 Corresponden

6、ce courses An elected board of trustees governs each school crches : few weeks baby Kindergartens: two-and-a-half to four-year-old, Primary schools,from six years of age, but most New Zealand children started at the age of 5,Children spend about two years in the infant classes, they then progress th

7、rough Standards 1 to 4 and , in some schools, Forms 1 and 2., Secondary school,age of 1213,In 2002 the National Certificate of Education Achievement replaced the School Certificate and University Entrance. Exam in Forms 5, 6 and 7 contribute to this Certificate.,usually called colleges or high schoo

8、ls,the Correspondence School,The largest school in New Zealand, the Correspondence school, provides distance education for students from early childhood upwards.,universities,There are nine universities in New Zealand:,Auckland University 奥克兰大学,Auckland University of Technology 奥克兰理工大学,Canterbury 坎特

9、伯雷大学,Lincoln 林肯大学,Massey 梅西大学,Otago 奥塔哥大学,Victoria,惠灵顿维多利亚大学,Waikato,怀卡托大学,Te Wanangao Aotearoa 长白云之乡大学,长白云之乡,Polytechnics,The 22 polytechnics in New Zealand provide a range of vocational and academic courses which cover a large number of subjects at various levels up to degree level.,The largest, t

10、he Open Polytechnic, is New Zealands biggest education provider.,Economy,Agriculture,The world largest farm The relationship between farmer, land and nature is a delicate balance One of the few countries where farming is not subsidized by state,New Zealand is a world leader in agricultural research

11、and advisory services.,Although pastoral farming remains the main land use, other crops are being planted. Major export include kiwi-fruit, apples and pears, stone-fruit, onion, squash, flowers and berry-fruit.,Olives,Oats,Avocados,Persimmon,Forestry &Fishing,Forestry and fishing constitute new natu

12、ral resource-based industries with exciting potential for further development.,Forestry products are important earners of overseas funds.,Energy,New Zealand is largely self-sufficient in energy.,Fast-flowing river geothermal steam natural gas windmills, Solar power Coal crude oil refined petrol fossil fuels,Oversea Trade,New Zealand lives by trade. From earliest times, the land has formed the backbone of the export