2014年高考英语语法备考定语从句课件

1、welcome to our English class,美国人你看过木头做的杯子吗？ 中国人没有！ 美国人那为什麽你们中国字的“杯“是木旁 中国人“杯“字旁边不是有个“不“字吗！也就是说它不是木头做的。,哈哈！我们也爱讲冷笑话,This is an easy joke. I like it.,This is an easy joke that/which I like.,the Attributive Clause 定语从句复习,修饰某一个名词的成分叫定语。在定语的位置上又是句子就叫定语从句。定语从句必须放在被修饰词之后。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句必须由一个词来引导，这个词叫关系词

2、，这个词在定语从句中必须充当一个成分。关系词又分关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词在定语从句中充当句子的主语、表语、宾语，关系副词在定语从句中充当状语。作宾语的关系代词可以省略。 定语从句又分限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种，定语从句和先行词用逗号隔开的叫非限定性定语从句。限定性定语从句是告诉人们 which one , 去掉之后句子意思不完整，非限定性定语从句是告诉人们更多的信息，去掉之后句子总体意思不受影响。 定语从句的讲点和考点都是关系词。,定语从句学习归纳,学习定语从句必须要清楚它的的来源、位置、引导词、意思理解和翻译方法. 还要记住它的特殊用法 例：请把下列单句合成复合句 1.Ma

3、dame Curie is one of the greatest scientists in the world. She is admired by many people. Madame Curie who/that is admired by many people is one of the greatest scientists in the world.,2.The experiment failed. She was working on it day and night. The experiment which/that she was working on day and

4、 night failed. 请找出以上规律, 然后完成下列题目: 1.The minerals were unusual. We found them in the rocks. The minerals that/which we found in the rocks were unusual.,2. The lady was very pleased. You found her suitcase. The lady whose suitcase you found was very pleased. 3. The doctor always worked heart and soul.

5、 He cured her of cancer. The doctor who/that cured her of cancer always worked heart and soul.,4.He was born in Canada. The weather is very cold in winter there. He was born in Canada where the weather is very cold in winter.,5.Typhoon Dujuan came on National Day. Some tourists from Taiwan came on t

6、hat day. Typhoon Dujuan came on National Day when some tourists from Taiwan came,1. This is the factory.We work here. This is the factory where we work. 2. This is the factory . We work in it. This is the factory (that/which) we work in . 3. This is the factory .We visited it yesterday. This is the

7、factory (which/that) we visited yesterday. 4. This is the factory .It makes toys. This is the factory which/that makes toys.,1.Do you remember the day? We met on it. Do you remember the day when we met? 2.Do you still remember the day?We met on it. Do you still remember the day that/which we met on

8、(把on提前怎样改？） 3. Do you still remember the day on which we met ? (介词提到关系词的前面只能用which指物） 如果将上一个句中的day 换成year/Monday/spring/March 3/1979/8.oclock，你又怎样合成带定语从句的句子呢？,1. He has two sons. Both of them are college students. He has two sons, both of whom are college students. 2. He has visited many countries.

9、Some of them are developing ones. He has visited many countries, some of which are developing ones. 介词后面的关系词只能用which指物，whom 指人。,8 .I like the girl .Her hair is very long . I like the girl whose hair is very long. I like the girl the hair of whom is very long I like the girl of whom the hair is very

10、long. 9.The room is mine .Its door is open. The room whose door is open is mine. The room the door of which is open is mine. The room of which the door is open is mine.,基础题型 The man _lives next to us sells vegetables. A plane is a machine _ can fly. This is the scientist _ name is known to all. The

11、room _ window faces to south is mine. Do you remember the day _ we first met?,who,/ that,which,/ that,whose,whose,when,6. The school _ we study is beautiful. 7. The reason _ he was late was that he missed the train.,where,why,易错易混淆题（注意分析从句的句子成分)） Do you remember the day _ we spent on the farm? Do yo

12、u remember the day _ we first arrived here? The room _we live is big. The room _ we can see is big. 5.Is this the reason_he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work. 6.Do you know the reason _he did not come?,when,where,that/ which/不填,that/which/不,why,that/which,基础知识回顾: 关系词及其意义,指代人

13、指代事物 所属关系 指地点 指时间 指原因,who, whom, that, as which, that, as whose where when why,归纳总结,做题技巧?,先分析定语从句中缺少什么成分,We should do everything _ is good for our studies. You can take any seat _ is free. This is the only thing_ we can do. This is the first place _ I want to visit. This is the most interesting book

14、 _ I have ever read. We talked about the things and persons _ we were interested in.,that,that,that,that,that,that,考点1：that 与 which,7. There is little _ I can do to make up for the lost time. 8. Our school is no longer the place _ it used to be 9.Who is the man _ you talked to just now? 10.Which is

15、the book _he bought last week?,that,that,that,that,3. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时 4.先行词被数词,序数词修饰时 5.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时 6. 先行词既有人又有物时 7. 先行词在从句中做表语时(也可省略) 8. 主句以there be开头 9.句子本身是以who,which开头的特殊疑问句时,2. 先行词被all, everything,anything,nothing,something, much, little, few, none修饰,1.先行

16、词是不定代词all, everything, anything, nothing, something, much, little, few, none, the one,当先行词是物时,只用that不用which的情况,1.She is my friend,_ often helps me. 2.Football, _ is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. 1.Those _ break the law should be punished. 2.He _ plays with fire gets burnt. H

17、e who laughs last laughs best. He who doesnt go to the Great Wall is not a true man.,who,which,who,who,在非限定性定语从句中只能用which指物，who/whom指人。,下面两种情况只能用who：,做题技巧?,填上合适的关系词并分析原因： 1.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple.,that/

18、 which/不填,that/in which/不填,缺状语,缺宾语,考点2：the way用做先行词,the way 做先行词时,先看后面定语从句中是否缺少 主语或宾语:,缺少主语或宾语:,引导词用that / which / 不填(缺宾语时),主语宾语都不缺:,引导词用that / in which / 不填,考点2：the way用做先行词,3. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. （04湖北） A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way whi

19、ch,高考题链接：,考点3：介词+关系词,1. Do you know the boy _ _ your mother is talking? 2. I still remember the day _ _ I first got to Paris. 3. He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar.,to /with whom,with which,on which,This is the child who/ whom/ that I will look after. 你们看出什么区别没有？,4. 译：这是我要照顾的小孩。,考点3：介

20、词+关系词,7. (06浙江) I was given three books on cooking, the first _I really enjoyed. A. of that B. of which C. that D. which,做题技巧?,定语从句句首为介词时,后可接的关系词为:,介词+whom / which / whose,6. I recognized the boss in company my sister was working.,whose,3. _ is known to all, he is the best student. 4. Jim passed the

21、 driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office.,As,which,难点一：as的用法,as/which/that 1. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift. 2. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift it.,as,that,as引导限制性定语从句常用于suchas , the same as, soas, asas结构。as在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。 as 与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用 as

22、, 意为“正如、恰如”. which从句中的谓语多为make,worry,upset等实意动词。,难点一：as的用法 1.as引导非限定性定语从句和主语从句的区别在于：看前面是否有逗号隔开。 As is well known,the earth is round. Its well known that the earth is round. 2.the sameas指与相同，the samethat指的是同一件东西。 I have found the same book as you lost yesterday. Luckily,I have found the same book tha

23、t you lost yesterday.,做题技巧?,模拟训练 ：,1. He is such a lazy man_ nobody wants to work with_. A. as; him B. that; / C. as; / D. whom; him 2. Mrs. Black took the police back to_ place _ she witnessed the robbery. A. the same; as B. the same; where C. the same ; that D. as the same; as,as引导非限定性定语从句常见的句型： 1

24、.as is well known, as is known to all, 2.as is (often) the case (with), 3.as sb puts it/says , 4.as a saying goes, 5. As can be seen from,1. Ive come to the point where I cant stand him. 2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.,我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。,国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。,wh

25、ere引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是 表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。,难点二：一些特殊词之后的where,解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, stage, condition，position和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。,更多的例句： 1.(2007 江西）After graduation,she reached a point in her career where he needed to decide what to do . 2. (2007 陕西）Today we will d

26、iscuss a mumber of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.,1.We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. （06山东） A. which B. that C. where D. when 2. -Do you have anything to say for yourself? -Yes, theres one point _ we must insist on . （0

27、6江西） A. why B. where C. how D. /,高考题链接：,做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择 恰当的关系词。,关系副词where之前一般不能加介词，但是from where 是个例外，这时where指代地点短语而不是指代某个先行词。 1.We went up to the roof of the building,from where we had a good view of the city. 2.They stood near the window,from where they could see the whole garden. 还有： 1.He graduat

28、ed from 1983,since when he has worked in this school. 2.This is the blackboard on which I often write.,wherethat 1.It is the library_I borrowed the book. 2.It is from this library_I borrowed the book.,where,that,综合考查一：定语从句与强调句,3. -Where did you last see Mr. Smith? -It was in the hotel_ I lived. A. that B. which C. where D. when,难点三.综合考查,近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。,综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句,1. We all have heard the news_ our