四级阅读长句分析背诵

1、让我们从句子开始吧！,例1、The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.（2003年1月） “书破了。” 我会写汉字（简体） The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machi

2、ne is an obvious asset to the firm.,例2、The employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it it better to move more slowly.（2003年1月）,例3 . Recycling also stimulates the local eco

3、nomy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.（2001年1月） 这个四级阅读中出现的句子也是难倒了很多同学。如果没有句子的宏观感觉，在理解的时候就会比较费劲。不少同学是一个单词一个单词往下理解，结果发现很难把分散理解的信息串成一个符合逻辑的整体。如果用图形的方式把句子结构分析出来，我们就能较好理解了。 stimulates the

4、 local economy by Recycling also and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries (that)by 显然，这句话是一个主语做了两件事情,每件事情还有by引导的状语，第二件事情还有that引导的定于从句修饰前面的名词。如果我们能够掌握这个宏观结构，那么理解句子时就能居高临下。 只有我们登高远望，才能看清楚整体，只有我们学会居高临下，才能宏观把握句子含义。一方面要学会仔细分析具体信息，另一方面，我们要学会跳出细节把握整体。很多时候，句子理解的道理和文章理解的道理是一样的。,四级长句结构分析

5、与翻译,1. The fridges effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. 1. 冰箱对人类幸福贡献不多，但他对环境的影响倒是不小。,2. There is another conversation, which from our point of view is equally important, and that has to do not with what is read but with how i

6、t is read. 2. 依我们看，还有另一种对话同样重要，它与所读的内容无关，而与阅读的方式有关。,3. Decision-thinking is not unlike pokerit often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think. 3. 作决定就像打扑克一样，不仅你心里怎么想，而且别人认为你心里怎么想，以及你认为他们认为你心里怎么想，常常是很重要的。也就是说：作决定就像打扑克，知己知彼非常重要。 (29个

7、词的句子，有四个从句，即：在主语部分中，“but also”后面的“what others think you think”中的“what”是“you think”的宾语，而不是“others think”的宾语。因此，这个从句意为“别人认为你心里怎么想”；“and”后面的“what you think they think you think”中的“what”是最后一个“you think”的宾语，而不是前面的“you think”或“they think”的宾语。另外，“they think”是前面“you think”的宾语，“what you think”又是“they think”的

8、宾语。一个双重否定（not unlike），三处省略( matters)。,4. But it will be the drivers responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind. 4. 但是，驾驶员有责任让座在前排的14岁以下的乘客系上某种安全带，否则不得坐在前排。,5. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception

9、of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. 5.对大多数人来说，海洋是遥远的，除了早期飘洋过海旅行的人或靠海谋生的人之外，没有什么理由询问有关海洋的问题，更谈不上询问海洋里有什么之类的问题。,6. Obviously, there would be no point in in

10、vesting in a computer if you had to check all his answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong. 6. 当然，如果计算机得出的全部答案均需复查一遍，花钱买计算机就毫无意义。不过人们也应该信赖自身内部的计算能力，一旦感觉到计算机得出的结果有不对之处，就必须进行复查。,7. Normally a stu

11、dent must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course, which he attends, gives him a credit, which he may count towards a degree. 7. 大学生通常必须修满一定数量的课程才能毕业，每修完一门课就得到相应的学分，累计到一定量便能拿到学位。,8. It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupils technical abilities in writing, but

12、it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the childs deep feelings. 8. 这种评语可能是对该学生写作技巧的严厉批评，但同时也是对那个未曾仔细阅读学生作文的教师令人遗憾的做法的批评，因为作文中包含表达学生深刻感情的一些优美词句。,9. A breakthrough in the provision of(在方面 ) energy from the sun for t

13、he European Economic Community (EEC) could be brought forward by up to two decades, if a modest increase could be provided in the EECs research effort in this field, according to the senior EEC scientists engaged in experiments in solar energy at EECs scientific laboratories at Ispra, near Milan.,9.

14、 在米兰附近的伊斯普拉的欧共体科学试验室进行太阳能试验的欧洲经济共同体资深科学家认为，只要略微增加欧洲经济共同体在利用太阳能方面的研究经费，就能使这方面的研究提前20年取得突破。,10. Mr.Gretz calculates even though solar energy only provided three percent of the EECs needs, this could still produce a saving of about a billion pounds in the present bill for imported energy each year. 10.

15、 格雷茨先生计算得出，即使太阳能只解决欧共体对能源需求的3%，每年也能为其节约价值约10亿英镑的进口能源所需的费用。,11. At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state. 11. 贝斯以色列医院为每一位病人指派一名责任护士

16、，责任护士要与指派给他的病人做深入交谈，并对病人的身体状况作全面纪录，内容包括从病史到病人情绪的一切事情。,12. Papouseks light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile and bubble” when the display came on. 12

17、. 巴普塞克的现实等直接放在婴儿面前，她观察到如下有趣的现象：有时婴儿并不回头仔细看灯，但是灯亮的时候就会发出“哥哥的笑声”。,13. Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. 13. 通常，投诉如果既有礼貌，又很坚决又极有效，尤其是当消费者能说明有问题的商品的毛病所在时。,14. So we sleep we

18、ll when we are in a familiar, safe place, but we sleep lightly, if at all, when we fear that bears will nose into the tent. 14. 因此，我们身处熟悉，安全的环境时就睡得好，而担心熊会闯入帐篷时就睡不好。,15. When children understand that the light of the lighting flashing reaches their eyes almost at the same moment, but the sound of the

19、 thunder takes about 5 seconds to travel just one mile, they can begin to time the interval between the flash and the crash to learn how close they were to the actual spark.,15. 假如孩子们明白闪电发出的光几乎同时到达他们的眼睛，而雷声约5秒钟才传播1英里，那他们就可以开始给闪电和雷声二者的间隔计时，以了解自己离实际火花的远近。,16. Most people would agree that, although our

20、 age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no corresponding increase in wisdom. 16. 大多数人都会同意这一看法：尽管当代在知识方面超越了过去所有的时代，但智慧方面并无相应的增加。,17. When they get sick, we transfer them to a hospital, where children are forbidden to visit terminally ill patients- even when those patients are thei

21、r parents. 17. 他们生病时，我们把他们转到医院，而孩子们不许探望患有不治之症的病人，即使病人就是他们的父母也不行。,18. When we talk about someones personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different form others. 18. 我们所说的个性是指示个人与他人不同的行为，言谈，思维和感觉等方式。,19. Behaviorists, who study the rela

22、tion between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. 19. 研究行为与结果之间的关系的行为主义者认为：奖励能提高工作和学习表现。,20. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval

23、 and gifts from others. 20. 研究精神生活各个方面的认知学派研究人员则认为：奖励促使学生对别人给予的肯定和礼物有依赖心理，常常会破环他们的创造性。,21. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less

24、sure. 21. 如此巨大的数目过去常常使我们感到泄气，以至于放弃了制造具有人类大脑功能的机器人的想法，然而由于我们已经习惯于如此迅速的发展，我们不再认为没有可能制造具有人类大脑功能的机器人了。,22. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions

25、 of people, will be within our power. 22. 进一步展望未来，通过这个新时代所产生的巨大财富和新技术的结合，人类可望在太空建立一个浩大的可供千万人居住的世界。,23. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice. 23. 学生也能在攻读学位期间到其他学校修课，不过实际上通常不这么做。,24.

26、 A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement spread ever farther westward. 24. 随着新拓居地不断向西推进，快速长途运输方式这个问题亟待解决。,25. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumers favor, assuming he or she has a just claim. 25. 在这种情况下，假如消费者提出的要求合理，常常按对其有

27、利的方法解决。,26. People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in. 26. 假如人们面对的信息使他们思考自己感兴趣的事物，他们就会警觉起来，而且表现出较强的接受能力。,27. But he said that with a modest increase in the present sums, devoted by the EEC to this work it was pos

28、sible that the breakthrough could be achieved by the end of the next decade. 27. 但是他指出欧洲经济共同体在这方面的研究经费只要在现有水平上略微增加，到下个十年的末期就有可能取得突破。,28. And he believes that with the possibility of utilizing more advanced technology in this field it might be possible to satisfy a much bigger share of the Communitys

29、 future energy needs. 28. 他认为如果能在这方面采用更先进的技术，满足欧共体未来能源需求的比例可能更大。,29. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. 29. 但是随着人们重新关注杀虫剂对农产品的影响，以及红外线扫描技术的改进，Paley希望能重操旧业。,30. The sight of Barney Clark- alive and co

30、nscious after trading his diseased heart for a metal and plastic pump- convinced the press, the public and many doctors that the future had arrived. 30. 新闻界，公众和许多医生看到巴尼克拉克以一个金属和塑料制成的人造心脏换下自己患病的心脏后仍然或者，并且头脑清醒，于是他们相信患者们的光明未来已经到来,31. Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to t

31、heir first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. 31. 试图探索婴儿从发声到开始说话的过程是十分困难的。,32. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech. 32. 问题是中模仿到了什么程度可以算是讲话了。,33. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may b

32、e fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it. 33. 假如不那么做，你可能被送上法庭，导师如果你不能向法庭证明你有理由可以不系安全带，你将会被罚款。这一点你必须牢记在心。,34. Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea.” 34. 海洋学被定义为“综合应用所有科学学科对海洋进行的研究”。,35. Yet, unfortunately,

33、 few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this resocialization process. 35. 然而，令人遗憾的是，很少有人试图给处于这个再社会化过程中的父亲提供教育。,36. For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies- and other creatures- learn to do things because certain cats lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt th

34、at this is true. 36. 过去一段时间以来人们普遍接受一种观点，即婴儿和其他生物学做某些动作，是因为做这些动作可以得到“奖赏”没有理由怀疑这一点的正确性。,37. But is used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological “drives” as thirst or hunger. 37. 过去人们也普遍相信“产生预期效果的奖赏”都与人的基本生理

35、需要，如口渴，饥饿等直接相关，至少在婴儿时期如此。,38. It is argued by some writers that the transition to the fathers role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mothers role. 38. 有些作家认为，(丈夫向)父亲角色的转变尽管困难，但不如妻子必须向母亲角色转变那么大。,39. In linking towns and people to one another it he

36、lped unify the United States. 39. 它把城镇和人们相互联系起来，对统一美国起了促进作用。,40. Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a father. 40. 尽管写美国母亲的书很多，但是文学指示最近才开始关注父亲的角色。,41. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints for improved quake-re

37、sistant buildings. 41 他们的绘图板上钉着改进的防震楼的设计蓝图。,42. A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. 42. 艾森伯格认为：如果一个老师不断地要求学生把注意力放在奖励上，并对一般的成绩也大方的送以高分，最终只能培养出没有创造力的学生。,43. In earlier grades, th

38、e use of so-called token economics, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance based points towards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.,43. 德拉华大学心理学家指出：对小学生运用所谓的象征性奖励制度，即学生解决一定要动脑筋才能解决的问题，同时根据表现的好坏得到一定的分数，直到获得宝贵的奖赏，这有望使学生更加努力，

39、更好发挥创造性。,44. The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. 44. 海底电缆铺好了，但是直到1866年这条通讯线路才最终完成并可靠的运行。,45. After monitoring production of the Jarvik-7, and reviewing its effects on the 150 or so patients (most of whom got the device as a temporary measure) the U.

40、S. Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them. 45. 美国食品和药物管理局对贾维克7号的生产过程进行观察，并审阅它对大约150人（大多数人士临时使用）的影响后，得出结论，认为贾维克7号对生命的危害大于其救命的作用。,46. The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers. 46. 读者向本文提问并得到答案，过去就是如此。,47. Br

41、itain almost more than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem of building upwards, that is to say, of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats. 47. 英国和世界上几乎任何其他国家相比，都必须更加严峻地面对建筑物向高空发展的问题，即给其相当多的人口提供高层公寓的问题。,48. In the past our own bloc

42、ks of flats have been associated with the lower-income groups and they have lacked the obvious provisions, such as central heating, constant hot water supply, electrically operated lifts from top to bottom, and so on, as easy facilities for disposal of dust and rubbish and storage places for baby ca

43、rriages on the ground floor, playgrounds for children on the top of the buildings, and drying grounds for washing. 第二，宏观型理解。 很多同学分析句子的时候，一头扎到单词堆里面，对表义不明、临时拼凑的单词或词组花了大力气琢磨，最后因过于追求具体信息的理解而失去了整个句子大意的把握。就好比走进一幢建筑，如果我们把注意力放在每一块砖是怎样砌在一起的，我们就不能看清房子的结构，只见树木不见森林。在句子层面，我们更需要关注的是句子的大概结构，切不可因小失大，尤其当句子里面遇到很多表义模糊的概念时，更应该抓大放小。 请看下例： In the past our own blocks of flats have been associated with the lower-income groups and they have lacked the obvious provisions, such as central heating, constant hot water supply, electrically operated li