英语句子成分和句子类型.ppt

1、英语文章组件Sentence Components，I，文章组件，(a)文章组件的定义：构成句子的每个部分称为文章组件。文章成分有主要成分和次要成分。主要成分有主语和谓语。次要成分为表语、宾语、定语、副词、补语、同文语、插入语。2)主语：句子说的人或什么事，用一句话叙述的主体，一般位于句子的开头。在There be结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问句时)和复句中给出的谓语、语调动词或情态动词后面。主语可以用名词、代词、数字、不定式、名词化、名词化形容词、主语子句等来表达。1 .During the 1990s，American country music has become more and mo

2、re popular . 2 . web often speak English in class . 3 . one-third of the students，(名词)，(代词)，(数字)，(不定式)，(名词)，(名词化形容词)，7。when we are going to have an English test has not been decided。8.it is neceary to master a foreign language。(主语子句)，(it作为形式主语，实际主语是后面的不定式)，(3)谓语，谓语(Predicate)说明了主语的行为或其特点及其状态。动词在句子中用

3、作谓语，一般位于主题后面。谓词由以下内容组成：1，简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语组成。示例：he practices running every morning。the plane took off at tenoclock .(c)谓语，2，复合谓语：(1)由情态动词和动词原形组成。示例：you may keep the book for two weeks。(2)由助动词和动词原型现在分词和过去分词组成。示例：Do you speak English？They are working in a field .he has caught a bad cold .(3)由系动词加表语组成。示例

4、：We are students。附注：谓语和主题在人称和睡眠中必须一致。说明主语的性格、特征、状态和身份的表达(4)表语。通常位于动词(例如be、become、get、look、grow、turn、seem等)之后。表语一般用名词、代词、形容词、数字、副词、不定式、名词、分词、介词短语、表语从句来表达。例如，1。our teacher of English is an American。(名词)2。Is it yours？(代名词)3。The weather has turned cold .(形容词)4。the speech is exceing。(用于当前分词)5。Three times

5、 seven is twenty one。(数字词)，6 .His job is to teach English。(不定式)7。his hobby is playing footbball。(名词)8。the meeting is of great importance。(介词短语)9。Time is up。The class is ove R .(副词)10 .the truth is that he has never been abroad .表语节)，注意：系统动词(Linkingverb)用来连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态、特质和身份等。(。1)状态动词用于表示主语的状态，只有be

6、一词(例如He is a teacher .2)连续的动词用于持续主语或保持一种状态或态度，主要是keep、remain、stay、lie、stand，例如：He always kept silent at meeting。3)表动词形式主要是seem、appear、look，例如：He seems (to be) very sad。附注：动词(Linking verb)用于连接主语和表达，说明主题的状态、特征、身份等。4)感官动词主要是feel，smell，sound，taste，例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft。5)变化群动词是主语如何，主要是be

7、come，grow，turn，fall，get，go，come，Run。示例：The river was beginning to run dry。6)终止动词表示主语已经结束动作，主要是prove，turn out，“证明；结果是“The rumor proved false .his plan turned out a success。(5)对象，对象表示动作的对象或爱，通常位于及动词和介词之后。范例：1。he is doing his home work . 2 . the heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time . 3

8、 . how many dictionaries do you have？I have five。(名词)，(代词，名词)，(名词，数词)，4。they helper the old with their housework yesterday . 5 . he pretended not to see me . 6 . I enjoy listening to popular music . 7 . I think(that)，(名词化形容词，名词)，(不定式词组)，(宾语从句)，(宾语从句)，(宾语类型):(1)双宾语(间接宾语直接宾语)，如：to : write、tell、pass、gi

9、ve、Send、promise、show、hand、read、bring、throw等for : leave、buy、build、choose、cook、draw、find、get、Order、post、save等。示例：She bought a gift for her mother。(2)复合物件，例如They elected him their monitor。以下动词是仅否定式对象ask、agree、care、choose、Demand、dare、decide、expect、fail、help、hope、learn、以下动词同时以否定式和名词为对象，但意思不同，例如mean、try、r

10、emember、forget、regret等。Forget to do表示“未发生的动作”，forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。例如：dont forget to come here earrier tomorrow .(我们还来了一些工具)I forgot returning the book to him，(6)对象补充语言、对象补充语言(Object Complement)、描述对象的动作，通常位于对象后面，对象构成带有对象补充语言的复合对象。复合对象的动词包括tell、let、help、teach、ask、see、have、order、make等。“空报”一般可以作为名词、形

11、容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句活动。例如，1。his father named him Xiaoming . 2 . they painted their boat white . 3 . let the fresh air in . 4 . you must nt force him to lend his money to you . 5 . web SSS，(名词)，(形容词)，(副词)，(不定式语法)，(现在分词)，(介词短语)，(从句)，(7)修改属性，名词或代词的词属性为1 .Guilin is a beautionfulcity。(形容词)2。中国is a develo

12、ping countryAmerica is a developed country。(喷射)3 .there are thirty women teachers in our school。(名词)4。his rapid progress in English made us surprised。(代名词)，5。our monitor is always the first to enter the class room。(不定式球)6。the teaching plan for next term has been worked out。(名词)7。he is reading an art

13、ic Le about how to learn English。(介词短语)8。she is the girl who sings best in my class。(定语从句)，(8)状语、修饰动词、形容词、副词或整体状语，说明动作或状态特征的在形式上被称为副词。1.light travers most quickly . 2 . he has lived in the city for ten years . 3 . he is proud to have passed the national college entrance examinat On。(副词和副词短语)，(介词短语)，

14、(不定式短语)，4。he is in the room making a model plane . 5 . wait a minute . 6 . once you begin，you must continue，(分词)，(名词)，(副词)1.how about meetin again at six？2.last night she didnt go to The dance party because of The rain . 3 . I shall go there if it doesn rain . 4 . Mr Smith lives on The third floor .

15、 5 . sheput put，(时间副词)，(原因副词)，(条件副词)，(位置副词)，(方法状语)，She came in with a dictionary in her hand . 6 . in order to catch us(包含副词)、(目的副词)、(让步副词)、(9)等副词，更详细地说明前面的名词或代词，通常解释为名词、数、代词或从句。例如This is Mr. Zhou，Our headquarters .this is good news that he has found his son .(10)插入词对一个句子做一些补充说明，通常是to be honest，I think (suppose，believe)等，如to be f