高二英语中级提升班讲座主谓一致

1、高二英语中级提升班讲座,主谓一致,主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间，即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词相应的形式。,主谓一致主要有以下三条原则： 1. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况： 如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物,谓语动词用复数。如： He and I are both students of this school.,语法一致原则,(2) 如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。 The singer and dancer is going to give us a performance. 那

2、个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。 The knife and fork is on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。,(3)两个并列的名词有each, every, no, many a 等修饰语,谓语动词一般用单数.,Many a boy and many a girl has read the book. Each teacher and each student is present.,2. 主语是不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句时,谓语动词用单数。 What he is doing seems very important. 他正在做的事情看起来很重要。 Collecting s

3、tamps is his hobby. 收集邮票是他的爱好。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。,3. 定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。 Those who enjoy singing may join us. Tom, who is your friend, should help you.,4. with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主语

4、连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。例如： The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street. 老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。,Mary, like many girls, loves dancing. 玛丽和其他女孩一样喜欢跳舞。 No one except (but) me knows about it. 除了我没有人知道这件事情。 All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 包括汤姆在内的所有学生都要走了。,either . or; neit

5、her . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中连接主语的时候； 在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。,就近一致原则,Neither you nor I am wrong. There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table. Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.,意义一致原则,意义一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式，而是其实际意义。有的名词在形式上是单数， 但在意义上

6、却是复数；有的名词在形式上是复数， 但在意义上却是单数。,1. 不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。 All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。 All of the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。 None of the money is left. 没有剩下一点钱。 None of the students were there. 没有学生在那里。,2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third

7、 of在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。,Half of the students have finished their composition. 一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。 Half of the apple is bad. 一半的苹果坏了。 About 60 percent of the students in our school are boys. 百分之六十的工作已经做完了。,3. 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数，主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public, fam

8、ily, class, crowd, population, team, group。 His family is going out. 他们全家要外出。 His family are all music lovers. 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。,表示时间，金钱，距离,重量等复数名词，在表示单位数量用作主语时,通常被看作整体,谓语动词用单数.,Sixty years is a long time. Ten dollars is enough for him.,注意:如果强调数目, 谓语动词用复数.,One hundred cents make a dollar. More than fift

9、y years have passed since they got married.,4. 某些名词如people, police, cattle等,形式上是单数, 但意义上是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外。 The police are searching for a thief. The cattle are eating grass on the hill.,5. 复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone,

10、everything, nobody, no one, nothing。 Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。 Nothing is found in the room. 在屋子里什么也没找到。,6. 某些名词如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等, 通常只用其复数形式, 但当它们被a pair of 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。如: The pair of shoes is worn out. 这双鞋破了。 The shoes are worn out. 鞋子破了。,某些名词以s结尾如maths, politics, physics,

11、 news, plastics 等，谓语动词应用单数。 Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一门很有趣的学科。,8. every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短 语中and连接的单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。 Each man and each woman is asked to attend. Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent. 班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。 No sound a

12、nd no voice is heard. 听不到任何声音。,9. 以a number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数; 以the number of 作主语事, 谓语动词用单数。 A number of new books are on the desk. The number of students in your class is 50.,10. 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样, 作主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决定, 这一类名词有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。 Not every means is usef

13、ul. 不是每种方法都好使。 Not all means are useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。,11. many a, more than one, one and a half与单数名词组成的短语, 谓语用单数。 Many a boy has seen it. 许多孩子都看到了。 12. 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。 Thirty years is not a long time. Roots is a famous American novel.,1. this kind of book = a book of this kind (

14、这种书) , 其谓语用单数; 短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men (口语) (这一类人), 但this kind of men 的谓语用单数, men of this kind 和these kind of men 的谓语用复数all kinds of 后跟复数名词, 谓语用复数形式。例如：,应该注意的几个问题:,This kind of men is dangerous. Men of this kind are dangerous. 2. 在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如: Betwee

15、n the two windows hangs a picture.,3. “分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of 后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如:,Lots of damage was caused by fire. About three-fourths of the earths surface is covere

16、d with water. Three-fifths of the workers here are women.,注意: A (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词, 其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 A large quantity of people is needed here.,(large) quantites of 修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。例如: Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table. 短语in quantity, in large quantities 意为 “大量”; i

17、n small quantities 意为“少量”。,4. a great deal of, a large amount of, 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数; large amounts of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数。例如:,A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time. Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.,5. 表示数量的one and a half 后, 名词要用复数形

18、式, 但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如： One and a half bananas is left on the table.,6. 如果主语由“the + 形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有: the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等; 但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则

19、用单数。例如：,The blind study in special school. The departed(死者)was a well-known engineer. 这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就要与名词man, person 或表示人的单数连用。例如: an old man, a rich person, the (a) wounded soldier.,1. How are the team playing? Theyre playing well, but one of them _ hurt. (北京2002春季) A. got B. gets C. are D. were

20、,2. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _ of desert _ covered the land.（上海2001） A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity; have,3. All the preparations for the task _ , and we are ready to start. (2000年全国春季卷) A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been co

21、mpleted,4. I told him what I was surprised _ his attitude towards his study. (2000年春季上海卷) A. is B. was C. at is D. at was,5. Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. (2000年春季上海卷) A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used 6. His “Selected Po

22、ems” _ first published in 1965. A. were B. was C. has been,7. Mathematics _ the language of science. A. is B. are going to be C. are 8. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out（NMET97） Ahad to Bwould Ccould Dwas able to,9. A good deal of money _ spent on books. A. have B

23、. has C. have been D. has been 10. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. have offered C. are offeredD. has offered,11._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are,12. No

24、body but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known 13. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were,14. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 15. The wounded _ by the hospital. A. have been tak

25、en in C. has been taken in C. have taken in D. has taken in,16. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided,17. If law and order _ not preserved, people will not be able to live a secure life. A. are B. were C. is D. was

26、18. The movie star as well as a lot of fans _ photographed a lot by TV stations and newspapers. A. were B. was C. had D. has,19. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _ all that I can spare to talk with you. A. are B. was C. is D. were,20. Bread and butter _ what Americans usually have for breakfast. A. are B. is C. was D. were,21. A number of my friends _ I should take a holiday. But I am just too busy to spare any time. A. think B. thinks C. had thought D. has thought,22. So long as you have a companion, twenty miles _ a long way to walk, especial