非成语四字格.ppt

1、非成语四字格,材料搜集郭莹波 吴欣荣,材料整理覃雷,PPT制作汪明芬,内容讲解章萌,Group members,Definition,妨碍交通、列出题目、嗜酒成癖、戊戌政变、举止安祥、通宵不眠、绿树成荫、口干舌燥、举世震惊、 恶意诅咒、元气大伤、幼稚可笑、梳妆打扮、活泼可爱、按劳分配、寓教于乐、名山大川、青山绿水、招商引资、改革开放,莫须有、刻舟求剑、卧薪尝胆、望梅止渴、小巫见大巫、五十步笑百步、风马牛不相及、英雄无用武之地、欲加之罪，何患无辞；道高一尺，魔高一丈、以小人之心，度君子之腹；天下本无事，庸人自扰之,成语： （1）汉语词汇中特有的一种长期相沿习用的固定短语。（2）来自于古代经典或著

2、名著作历史故事和人们的口头,意思精辟,往往隐含于字面意义之中,不是其构成成分意义的简单相加,具有意义的整体性。 （3）它结构紧密,一般不能任意变动词序,抽换或增减其中的成分,具有结构的凝固性。 （4）绝大多数是这四个字，但不是全部。,四字短语： (1)不包含典故的，没有比喻义、引申义，一般从字面即可理解其含义的四字语言形式。 (2)四字词语是指广义的概念,包括成语和非成语,也叫固定词组或自由词组. (3)四字词组是汉语中常见的一种语言现象。它被大量运用于说话、文章里。自由四字词组不同于固定词组,它们是可以随意拆散,随意组合的,Advantages,1.有助于减少笔墨，以少胜多。 Scienti

3、fic exploration, the search for knowledge has given man the practical results of being able to shield himself the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by other man. 科学的探索，知识的追求，使人类获得了避免天灾人祸的实力。,2. 有助于译文通顺流畅，雅俗交融 Although lonely in a new land, Matzeliger was described by his fellow workers

4、 and students as cheerful, of a friendly nature, honest, and modest. 虽然马泽利格单身一人，又生活在异乡客地，但正如他的同事和学生所描述的那样，他为人活泼开朗，温文尔雅，诚实谦虚。,3. 提高译文语言的整齐匀称和韵律感 The dust, the uproar and the growing dark threw everything into chaos. 烟尘滚滚，人声嘈杂，夜色愈深，一切都陷入混乱之中。 If this was a time of triumph of the many, it was a painful

5、 period for the few. 多数人兴高采烈之日，却是少数人伤心失意之时。,广告语中四字格词语的翻译 由于汉语的四字格生动形象、便于记忆，故商家在制作汉语广告时，或在汉译英语广告时常常使用此结构。在翻译广告中的四字格时，译者首先要充分考虑不同的文化价值观、心理结构、地域环境与人文环境等因素，还要注意原文与译入语在语音、语义、文字形式以及修辞等方面的差异；其次，译者还应深入了解所译广告及商品特点、特征、了解原广告策划的具体目标。 译者在将英语广告翻译为汉语的四字格时，可以采用直译、意译和再创性翻译的方法；而在将汉语四字格广告翻译成英文时，可以将其译成单词、词组或套用习语，也可采用综合

6、法进行翻译。,如下面例子及相应翻译方法： 1. 直译： Challenge the limits. 挑战极限(三星产品广告) 2. 意译： Every time a good time. 分分秒秒， 欢聚欢笑(麦当劳广告) 3. 再创性翻译：Connecting People. 科技以人为本(诺基亚广告),汉语四字格的形美优势，也体现在对谚语的翻译上。谚语是每一个民族语言宝库里的明珠。它们是本民族人们长期劳动和生活经验的高度，也是人们智慧的结晶。谚语往往说明一个道理，反映一个问题，包含一定的哲理，因而具有格言警句的特性。大多数英语谚语用词精短，语义凝练。汉译时，利用恰当的四字格可以最大限度地再

7、现原文谚语的美学价值，传达其“形美”和“神美”。,Let anothers shipwreck be your seamark. 前车之覆，后车之鉴There are lees to every wine. 金无足赤，人无完人Silence is golden. 沉默是金Gossip is a fearful thing. 人言可畏Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧Man proposes, God disposes. 谋事在人，成事在天Many drops of water will sink the ship. 水滴石穿,How to translate,1.中译英 一

8、般四字格中总会有两个词语组成一个汉语词语，看前后两个字组成的词语的逻辑关系来采用不同的方法来翻译即可，但切记先得判断清楚四节结构的词类以及前后两个词组的关系。,（一）并列关系，这一类四字结构的特点是前后两个词组是并列关系，且词类相同，只须用语义合词类对应的英语表达即可。 名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers 青山绿水 green hills and clear waters 集思广益 draw on collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas 政通人和 the government functions we

9、ll and people cooperate well,（二）语意重叠，对于此类结构，只需翻译其中一项语义就行。 高瞻远瞩的决策 a visionary/far-sighted decision 优胜劣汰 survival of the fittest 长治久安 a long period of stability 招商引资 attract investment 鱼米之乡 a land of milk and honey 世外桃源 a haven of peace,（三）目的关系，对于目的关系的可以采用动词不定式或者介词短语来表达目的状语。 减员增效 downsize (and cut pa

10、yroll) to improve efficiency (for efficiency) 集资办学 raise money to set up new schools 扭亏为盈 turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one,四）途径方式，可以采用介词through, according to, with等介词短语表达相应的方式状语。 寓教于乐 teach through lively activities 因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude 按劳分配 distribution

11、 based on performance 以商养文 support /sponsor cultural activities with the profits from doing business,（五） 偏正词组，对于偏正关系的四字格必有一主一次，将其中一个词语处理为修饰性成分，而将另外一个处理为中心词。 廉洁奉公 honestly perform ones official duties 环境绿化 environmental greening 超前消费 premature consumption; Over-consume; excessive consumption 以强凌弱 the

12、 strong domineering over the weak,（六）动宾关系 优势互补 complement each others advantages 自主经营，自负盈亏 make ones own management decisions, take full responsibility for ones own profits and losses （七）条件关系 不进则退 no progress simply means regression. （八）省略意象 源远流长 have a long history 呕心沥血 spare no efforts,英语原文中的非成语译成

13、汉语四字格 A.原文的单词译作成语 Love is a climatea climate of the heart. 爱的情感是一种气氛一种心心相印的气氛。 Over the past several weeks, she had grown increasingly restless. 过去几周，她越来越六神无主 . I was nervous before crowds. 我在大庭广众之前感到紧张。,英译中,B 原文的短语译作汉语四字格 The problems of the human environment are, to some of us, an old story. 人类环境问

14、题对我们之中某些人来说是老生常谈。 They scoffed at him and walked away. 他们奚落他一番后扬长而去。 But against the vast expense of the sky, the parachute looked very small. 但和广阔无垠的太空相比，降落伞看起来是沧海一粟 。,2. 原文中的成语处理 ，套用成语汉语 Dont believe about him for he is only a sugar-coated. 不要相信他，因为他只是一个口蜜腹剑的人。 Why do you love to find fault with s

15、omeone? It seems that the only person who is right is yourself. 你为什么总爱吹毛求疵，你以为唯一对的人便是你自己。 He went through fire and flood to save his mother. 他赴汤蹈火去救他的母亲。 She is reaping what she has sown. 她这是咎由自取。,3. 四字格的修辞结构 A运用词的重叠 In order to solve this problem, they have been working day and night for two weeks.

16、 为了解决这个问题，他们两周以来一直日日夜夜地忙碌着。 You will always find his tardiness and carelessness in everything he does. 你会发现他做任何事诶那个都是磨磨蹭蹭，马马虎虎的。,B运用四字对偶词组 Whatever initial worries we had about the plane soon vanished. 不管开始时我们对这架飞机有多么担心，这种顾虑不久就烟消云散了。 Dont fancy any longer. To you, he is absolutely a man of loyalty .

17、 别再胡思乱想了，他对你绝对是一心一意的。,C 运用两个四字词组 But there had been too much publicity about my case. 但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。 He showed himself calm in an emergency situation. 在危急情况下，他从容不迫，镇定自若。 When he was asked this question, he found himself tongue-tied. 当被问到这个问题时，他显得张口结舌，哑口无言。,In the interest of the current and f

18、uture generations 功在当代，利在千秋 (continue the past and open up the future ) break new ground for the future 继往开来，承前启后,1.The girl is treated very much as if she were a daughter of the family.,这家人把这个女孩视同己出。,2. She found the keys she had lost last month and was overjoyed.,她找到了上个月她丢失的那些钥匙，真是喜出望外。,3. Parents love their children and the love is