SAT基础阅读讲义

1、SAT 基础阅读讲义第1节单项 19Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following passage.How did the term “spam” come to mean unsolicited commercial e-mail? Flash back to 1937, when Hormel Foods creates a new canned spiced ham, SPAM. Then, in World War II, SPAM luncheon meat becomes a staple of soldiers diets (often

2、 GIs ate SPAM two or three times a day). Next, SPAMs wartime omnipresence perhaps inspired the 1987 Monty Python skit in which a breakfastseeking couple unsuccessfully tries to order a SPAM-free meal while a chorus of Vikings drowns them out, singing “Spam, spam, spam, spam . . . .” To computer user

3、s drowning in junk e-mail, the analogy was obvious. “Spam,” they said, “its spam.”9. The tone of the passage can best be characterized as(A) nostalgic(B) sardonic(C) detached(D) chatty(E) didactic10. The parenthetic remark in lines 6 and 7 (“often . . . day”) serves primarily to(A) establish the sol

4、diers fondness for SPAM(B) provide evidence of SPAMs abundance(C) refute criticisms of wartime food shortages(D) illustrate the need for dietary supplements(E) point out the difference between military and civilian diets综合 37The passage below is excerpted from Somerset Maughams The Moon and Sixpence

5、, first published in 1919. Questions 11 and 12 are based on the following passage.The faculty for myth is innate in the human race. It seizes with avidity upon any incidents, surprising or mysterious, in the career of those who have at all distinguished themselves from their fellows, and invents a l

6、egend. It is the protest of romance against the commonplace of life. The incidents of the legend become the heros surest passport to immortality. The ironic philosopher reflects with a smile that Sir Walter Raleigh is more safely enshrined in the memory of mankind because he set his cloak for the Vi

7、rgin Queen to walk on than because he carried the English name to undiscovered countries.11. As used in the passage, the word “faculty” (line 1) most nearly means(A) capacity(B) distinction(C) authority(D) teaching staff(E) branch of learning12. In lines 813, the author mentions Sir Walter Raleigh p

8、rimarily to(A) demonstrate the importance of Raleighs voyages of discovery(B) mock Raleighs behavior in casting down his cloak to protect the queens feet from the mud(C) illustrate how legendary events outshine historical achievements in the publics mind(D) distinguish between Raleigh the courtier a

9、nd Raleigh the seafarer(E) remind us that historical figures may act in idiosyncratic ways第2节 More remarkable than the origin has been the persistence of such sex segregation in twentieth-century. New techniques for determining the molecular sequence of the RNA of organisms have produced evolutionar

10、y information about the degree to which organisms are related, the time since they diverged from a common ancestor, and the reconstruction of ancestral versions of genes. This declaration, which was echoed in the text of the Fourteenth Amendment, was designed primarily to counter the Supreme Courts

11、ruling in Dred Scott v. Standford that black people in the United States could be denied citizenship. However, none of these high-technology methods are of any value if the sites to which they are applied have never been mineralized, and to maximize the chances of discovery the explorer must therefo

12、re pay particular attention to selecting the ground formations most likely to be mineralized. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Johnson s Autobiography of an Ex-colored Man. The concept of two w

13、arring souls within the body of the Black American was as meaningful for Du Bois at the end of his years as editor of Crisis, the official journal of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), as when he has first used the image at the start of the century. InOhio, our c

14、ar sometimes moved right alongside the turnpike and we could see the new cars with their outlandish fins passing us as regularly as cards being dealt off the top of an endless deck. turnpike：n.收费公路 outlandisha.奇怪的，古怪的 fins：散热片 dealt: deal的过去时，在此意思是发牌 deck：一副纸牌单项 107Questions 16 are based on the foll

15、owing passage. In the following passage, author Peter Matthiessen considers Native American spirituality.We can no longer pretendas we did for so longthat Indians are a(L2-4) primitive people: no, they are a traditional people, that is, a “first” or “original” people, a primal people, the inheritors

16、 of a profound and exquisite wisdom distilled by long ages on this earth. (L6-12)The Indian concept of earth and spirit has been patronizingly dismissed as simple hearted “naturalism” or “animism,” when in fact it derives from a holistic vision known to all mystics and great teachers of the most ven

17、erated religions of the world. This universal and profound intuitive knowledge may have come to North America with the first peoples to arrive from Asia, although Indians say it was the other way around, that the assumption of white historians that a nomadic people made a one-way journey across the

18、Bering Strait from Asia and down into America, and never attempted to travel the other way, makes little sense. Today most Indians believe that they originated on this continent: at the very least, there was travel in both directions. (In recent years, this theory has been given support by a young a

19、nthropologist who, on the basis of stone tools and skull measurements as well as pictographs and cave drawings, goes so far as to suggest that the Cro-Magnonthe first truly modern menwho came out of nowhere to displace the Neanderthals in Eurasia perhaps 40,000 years ago were a pre-Indian people fro

20、m North America.) According to the Hopi, runners were sent west across the Bering Strait as messengers and couriers, and information was exchanged between North America and Eurasia in very early times, long before European history had begun.The Old Waywhat the Lakota call wouncage, “our way of doing

21、”is very consistent throughout the Indian nations, despite the great variety of cultures. The Indian cannotlove the Creator and desecrate the earth, for Indian existence is not separable from Indianreligion, which is not separable from the natural world. It is not a matter of “worshipingnature,” as

22、anthropologists suggest: to worship nature, one must stand apart from it and call it “nature” or the “human habitat” or “the environment.” For the Indian, there is no separation. Man is an aspect of nature, and nature itself is a manifestation of primordial religion. Even the word “religion” makes a

23、n unnecessary separation, and there is no word for it in the Indian tongues. Nature is the “Great Mysterious,” the “religion before religion,” the profound intuitive (L57) apprehension of the true nature of existence attained by sages of all epochs, everywhere on earth: the whole universe is sacred,

24、 man is the whole universe, and the religious ceremony is life itself, (L61) the miraculous common acts of every day.1. To the author, the distinction between the words primitive and primal (lines 24) is that(A) whereas the former is excessively positive, the latter is neutral in significance(B) whi

25、le the latter is often used metaphorically, the former is not(C) the latter reinforces the notion of Indian barbarism that is implicit in the former(D) while the former has some negative connotations, the latter has neutral or positive ones(E) the former came into common use earlier than the latter

26、did2. The author most likely used quotation marks around certain words in the last sentence of the first paragraph (lines 612) because(A) they are quotations from another work(B) they are slang(C) they come from another language(D) he disagrees with their application here(E) he wishes to emphasize t

27、heir appropriateness3. Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the second paragraph of thepassage?(A) It develops the idea of the first paragraph.(B) It is a digression from the authors argument.(C) It provides examples to illustrate the points made in the first paragraph.(D) It

28、provides a logical introduction to the third paragraph.(E) It is full of totally unsupported assumptions.4. The authors attitude toward Indian religion is one of(A) respect(B) idolatry(C) condemnation(D) pity(E) indifference5. The word “apprehension” in line 57 means(A) capture(B) foreboding(C) unde

29、rstanding(D) achievement(E) approval6. By calling the common acts of every day miraculous (line 61), Matthiessen is being(A) paradoxical(B) allusive(C) sarcastic(D) analytical(E) apologetic综合 697Questions 11 and 12 are based on the following passage.In this excerpt from Jane Austens The Watsons, the

30、 elderly Mr. Watson discusses a visit to church.“I do not know when I have heard a discourse more to my mind,” continued Mr. Watson, “or one better delivered. He reads extremely well, with great propriety and in a very impressive manner; and at the same time without any theatrical grimace or violenc

31、e. I own, I do not like much action in the pulpit. I do not like the (L7) studied air and artificial inflections of voice, which your very popular preachers have. A simple delivery is much better calculated to inspire devotion, and shows a much better taste. Mr. Howard read like a scholar and a gent

32、leman.”11. The passage suggests that Mr. Watson would most likely agree with which statement?(A) A dramatic style of preaching appeals most to discerning listeners.(B) Mr. Howard is too much the gentleman-scholar to be a good preacher.(C) A proper preacher avoids extremes in delivering his sermons.(

33、D) There is no use preaching to anyone unless you happen to catch him when he is ill.(E) A man often preaches his beliefs precisely when he has lost them.12. The word “studied” (line 7) most nearly means(A) affected(B) academic(C) amateurish(D) learned(E) diligent单项 203Questions 1624 are based on th

34、e following passage.Taken from the writings of Benjamin Franklin, the following excerpt, published in 1784, demonstrates Franklins attitude toward the so-called savages of North America and reveals something of what these Native Americans thought about the white men and women who had come to their l

35、and. Savages we call them, because their manners differ from ours, which we think the perfectionof civility; they think the same of theirs.Perhaps, if we could examine the manners of different nations with impartiality, weshould find no people so rude as to be without rules of politeness, nor any so

36、 polite as not tohave some remains of rudeness.The Indian men, when young, are hunters and warriors; when old, counselors, for all their government is by counsel of the sages; there is no force, there are no prisons, no officersto compel obedience or inflict punishment. Hence they generally study or

37、atory, the best speaker having the most influence. The Indian women till the ground, dress the food, nurse and bring up the children, and preserve and hand down to posterity the memory of public transactions. These employments of men and women are accounted natural and honorable. Having few artifici

38、al wants, they have abundance of leisure for improvement by conversation. Our laborious manner of life, compared with theirs, they esteem slavish andbase; and the learning, on which we value ourselves, they regard as frivolous and useless.An instance of this occurred at the treaty of Lancaster, in P

39、ennsylvania, in the year 1744, between the government of Virginia and the Six Nations. After the principal business was settled, the commissioners from Virginia acquainted the Indians by a speech that there was at Williamsburg a college, with a fund for educating Indian youth; and that, if the Six N

40、ations would send down half a dozen of their young lads to that college, the government would take care that they should be well provided for, and instructed in all the learning of the white people. It is one of the Indian rules of politeness not to answer a public proposition the same day that it i

41、s made; they think that it would be treating it as a light matter, and that they show it respect by taking time to consider it, as of a matter important. They therefore deferred their answer till the day following; when their speaker began by expressing their deep sense of the kindness of the Virgin

42、ia government in making them that offer, saying:“We know that you highly esteem the kind of learning taught in those colleges, and that the maintenance of our young men, while with you, would be very expensive to you. We are convinced, therefore, that you mean to do us good by your proposal, and we

43、thank youheartily. But you, who are wise, must know that different nations have different conceptionsof things; and you will therefore not take it amiss, if our ideas of this kind of educationhappen not to be the same as yours. We have had some experience of it. Several of ouryoung people were forme

44、rly brought up at the colleges of the northern provinces: they wereinstructed in all your sciences; but when they came back to us they were bad runners, ignorant of every means of living in the woods, unable to bear cold or hunger. They knew neither how to build a cabin, take a deer, nor kill an ene

45、my, spoke our language imperfectly,were therefore neither fit for hunters, warriors, nor counselors; they were totally good fornothing. We are, however, not the less obliged by your kind offer, though we decline accepting it; and, to show our grateful sense of it, if the gentlemen of Virginia will s

46、end us a dozen of their sons, we will take care of their education, instruct them in all we know, and make men of them.”16. According to Franklin, Indian leaders maintain their authority by means of their(A) warlike ability(B) skill as hunters(C) verbal prowess(D) personal wealth(E) punitive capacit

47、y17. The word “dress” in line 17 means(A) clothe(B) adorn(C) medicate(D) straighten(E) prepare18. To which of the following does Franklin attribute the amount of leisure time for conversing available to the Indians?I. Their greater efficiency and productivityII. Their simpler, more natural lifestyle

48、III. Their distinctive set of values(A) I only(B) II only(C) I and II only(D) II and III only(E) I, II, and III19. Franklins purpose in quoting the speech that concludes the excerpt is primarily to(A) demonstrate the natural oratorical abilities of Indians(B) condemn the Virginians failure to recrui

49、t Indian students for their schools(C) give an example of the Indian viewpoint on the benefits of white civilization(D) describe a breakdown in communications between Indians and whites(E) advocate the adoption of Indian educational techniques20. The Indians chief purpose in making the speech seems

50、to be to(A) tactfully refuse a friendly gesture(B) express their opinions on equality(C) gratify their intended audience(D) describe native American customs(E) request funds to start their own school21. According to this passage, the Indians idea of education differs from that of the gentlemen of Vi

51、rginia in that the Indians(A) also believe in the education of young women(B) have different educational goals(C) teach different branches of science(D) include different aspects of nature(E) speak a different language22. The word “take” in line 69 means(A) endure(B) transport(C) confiscate(D) captu

52、re(E) accept23. The Indians responsible for the speech would probably agree that they(A) have no right to deny Indian boys the opportunity for schooling(B) are being insulted by the offer of the commissioners(C) know more about the various branches of science than the commissioners do(D) have a bett

53、er way of educating young men than the commissioners do(E) should not offer to educate the sons of the gentlemen of Virginia24. The tone of the speech as a whole is best described as(A) aloof but angry(B) insistently demanding(C) grudgingly admiring(D) eager and inquiring(E) courteous but ironic第3节综

54、合811Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following passage.In the 1880s, when the commercial theater had ceased to be regarded as a fit medium forserious writers, British intellectuals came to champion the plays of an obscure Norwegiandramatist. Hungry for a theater that spoke to their intellects, th

55、ey wholeheartedly embraced the social realist dramas of Henrik Ibsen. (L7-12) Eleanor Marx, daughter of Karl Marx, went so far as to teach herself Norwegian in order to translate Ibsens A Dolls House, which she presented in an amateur performance in a Bloomsbury drawing room.9. The word “embraced” (

56、line 6) most nearly means(A) clasped(B) adopted(C) comprised(D) incorporated(E) hugged10. The discussion of Eleanor Marx in lines 712 (“Eleanor.room”) serves primarily to(A) propose a counterexample(B) correct an inaccurate statement(C) introduce a questionable hypothesis(D) support an earlier asser

57、tion(E) acknowledge a factual discrepancyQuestions 11 and 12 are based on the following passage.According to reports from psychologists worldwide, measures of personal happiness hardlychange as the national income rises. This finding has led many social critics to maintain that income growth has cea

58、sed to foster well-being. (L6-12)A moments recollection suggests otherwise. I remember years ago when our car clanked and juddered and limped into a garage, warning lights ablaze. “Threw a rod,” said the mechanic. “Junk her.” I remember interminable trips to used-car lots, sleepless nights worrying about debt, calls to friends about possible lea