高考英语情态动词讲解

1、(a)模态动词自主测试点(a)表达力示例：i am starving to death。i can eat two bowls of rice now .(现在的能力)我饿死了。现在我可以吃两碗饭了。if you have a good sleep，you will be able to work out this problem。(未来的能力)好好睡一觉就能解决这个问题。the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but every one was able to get out。这场火灾迅速蔓延到整个酒店，但所有人都能逃出去。i could

2、 have worked out the problem，but i didnt。我能解决这个问题，但没有解决。(b)表格猜测(可能性)1.可能性可以分为客观可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。所谓客观(理论)可能性是不包括特定的事情是否会发生，这种用法往往能说明人或事物的特性。情态动词可用于表示客观(理论)可能性，一般不用于表示具体事情实际发生的可能性。例如：accident can happen on such rainy days。这么多雨的天气可能会出事故。(客观可能性)peter may come with us tonight，but he isnt sure yet。彼得今晚可

3、能和我们一起来，但他还不确定。(实际可能性，不需要这样做)表示具体事情实际发生的可能性。(1)表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的分级比较语体肯定式否定式疑问型摩丝必须，必须/威尔也许吧，也许吧不，不是吗.翁可能性比威尔小语气比wont弱语气比威尔弱should说话者有更大的诱惑性/奥特托说话者有更大的诱惑性(意思像should)/can/不可能可能吗？could可疑的可能性不可能语气比can弱5月也许，也许，不知道可能不是/米格-ht比梅弱比may not弱/(2)表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，5月，must通常用于肯定的句子，一般不用于否定的句子或疑问句(5月的意思是“不可能”)。(。多用于否

4、定句、疑问句或感叹句，表示怀疑、惊讶或不信任等意思。could既可以用于正面句子，也可以用于负面文章，也可以用于疑问句。例如：this cant/couldnt be done by him .(我不相信手表)这不可能是他做的。this may not be done by him。(表格不确定性)这可能不是他做的。he could be on his way home now .(could不像may/might那么常用)他现在可能在回家的路上。can this be done by him？(疑惑，惊讶的表情)这是他做的吗？bush is on time for everything .h

5、ow can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？(疑惑，惊讶的表情)布什老师把所有的工作都做得很及时。他怎么能迟到开幕式？id dn t hear the phone。i must have been asleep。(检查表格)没听到电话。我确实睡着了。3.would，could，might不一定与过去的时间相关，但它意味着比他们相应的当前时间格式可能性小。此外，should不一定与过去的时间相关。例如：this may/might be done by him。(后者的音调比前者弱)这件事大概是他干的。4.推测should/oug

6、ht to表时，表示说话者具有更大的诱惑性。例如：he ought to/should be here on timehe started early enough。他必须按时到达这里他出发得够早了。we should arrive before dark。我们开始按天黑前能到。the roads should be less crowded today。今天路上不要那么拥挤。(c)请求、允许、承诺表格1.在对方是决策者的时候代表你自己，或代表(i，we)第三方(he，she，they)询问对方或(you)建议时使用： shall i (we)？ shall he/she/they. woul

7、d/will you.例如：shall we begin our class？shall the driver wait outside？when shall my father be able to leave hospital？would you do me a favor？2.could/might/would/should表格委婉语的功能。例如：-could/might i use your bike tomorrow morning？-是，-是can/may。(傅晶：no，im afraid not。)，以获取详细信息不能说，yes，you could/might。回答允许的时候委婉

8、地使用could/might表是不恰当的。例如：-could i borrow your dictionary？-是，of course是can。3.使用shall向(you)或第三方(he，she，they)发出命令、警告、承诺或威胁。另外，公布法律，规定时也要使用shall。例如：you shall leave the room at once，and he also shall。(=i order you and him to leave the room at once。)，以获取详细信息马上给我滚开！他也一样。(说话者的意志)it has been announced that ca

9、ndidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected .考生们通知说，在收到所有试卷之前，必须留在座位上。(规则或法规)(d)表的必要性1.must经常用于表示必需。使用“must动词原形”表示现在或未来需要做某事。dont have to do sth .或dont need to do sth .或need nt do sth .表示过去不需要做什么的时候，分为以下情况。表示过去不需要做什么的时候，实际上做到了。need nt have done sth .无论是否已经做了，表示过去不需要

10、做什么的时候didnt have to do sth。或didnt need to do sth .或it was not neck to do sth。可以使用灯。例如：you need n t have worded that late last night .it was harmful to your health。昨晚没必要工作到那么晚。那对你的身体不好。-did you work very late last night？-no，i didn t . i didn t need to work very late。你昨晚工作到很晚吗？从不迟到。不用工作到很晚。2.should还可以

11、表示“(义务)应得”的必要性。should表的需要比must(必需)的语气弱。“should动词原形”表示现在或将来做某事的必要性。“should have过去分词法”表示过去需要做什么(的必要性)。例如：i should go and visit him this afternoon，but i wonder if i will be free。今天下午要去拜访他，不知道我是否有时间。(表示未来的需要)you should have come to the conference yesterday。what was the reason for your absence？你必须参加昨天的那个

12、会议。你缺席的原因是什么？(表示过去的需要)(e)“模式动词have done”用法列表(6)完成情态动词意义例句must have done“可能/一定/一定做了什么”，否定式是cant/couldnt have doneit must have rained last night，for the road is quite muddy。the lights were off .they must have been asleep。can/could have done“本来可以的.”“过去是”can he have gone to his aunts？you could have come

13、 5 minutes earrier。can/could not have done“过去是不可能的”“过去是”i saw mr. wang just now .he couldnt have gone to beijng .may/might have done“也许/也许已经”一般只用于正句子和负文章(在负句子中表示“可能不是”)，不用于疑问句。might表示音调更不确定。its too late。我think he may have gone to bed。he may not have finished the work。she might have caught a cold .sh

14、ould/ought to have done“我本该做些什么，但实际上没做”you should have come to the meeting earrier。you ought to have done this exercise more carefully。shouldnt/ought not to have done“我不该做”you should n t have told her the truth。neednt have done“做了不用做的事。”附注：didnt need to do说：“没必要做，实际上什么都没做。”you neednt have taken a ta

15、xi here，for it was very near to my house。i didnt need to clean the windows。my brother did it。had better have done事后的提议中，表示“那时做点什么就好了”的小指责的语气表示否定的had better not have done表示反对的意思。you had better have started earlier。you had better not have scolded her。would rather have done“我宁愿那时做什么”的否定would rather not

16、 have done表示相反的意思，两者都表示“后悔”。i would rather have taken his advice。i raised objections at the meeting，but now i would rather not have done that。would like/love to have done表示过去愿意做某事，但没有实现。i would love to have gone to the party last night but i had to work extra hours to finish a report。(7)情态动词其他用法要点1.cannot but do sth。“没办法。例如：i cannot but choose to go。我只好去了。2.may well和may as well结构(1)“梅韦尔动词原形”是一般结构，意思是“完全可能，可能”。(。例如：he may well be proud of his son。他能以儿子为傲。her appearances has changed so much that you may well not recognize her。她的样子变化太大了，你可能认不出她了。(2)“may/might as well动词原形”，意思是“最好的，足够的，反而不好”，相当于ha