lect 6 wordsworth英国伟大浪漫主义文学家华兹华斯的相关知识.ppt

1、Lecture 6,An Introduction to Literature of The Romantic Period (1798-1832),For the Romantic Period,We should equip ourselves with the knowledge of : The circumstances which it set against; Its prominent writers in its various phases from the beginning to the very end; The prominent features of Roman

2、tic literature, compared with those upheld by the Neo-classic precursors.,Part 1. Historical Many farmhands driven out of land rushed into the city New machines were set up, rendering many out of work; Women and children were employed as cheap labor; Disparity was growing between the rich and the po

3、or; Expansion abroad continued: ( America), Australia, Canada, New Zealand, India, the West Indies and other nations. Ideologically The principle of reason was giving way to an individualized, free, liberal, imaginative attitude towards life; a tendency to turn or escape from the tumultuous and conf

4、using Here and Now,Part 1. Historical began: in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridges Lyrical Ballads Ended: in 1832 with Sir Walter Scotts death and the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament. It was characterized by a strong protest against bondage of neoclassicism, which e

5、mphasized reason, order and “elegant wit”. Instead, romanticism gave primary concern to passion, emotion and natural beauty.,Part 1. Beliefs of Romanticism,Literature as the expression of mans unique feelings. Individual as the very center of all life and experience. Emphasis of the faculty of imagi

6、nation, i.e. existence of God, harmonious unity between the real world with the spiritual world. Nature the source of mental cleanliness and spiritual understanding; the source of imagery, the dominant subject matter in romanticism.,Part 1. Romanticism in England,Essence of Romanticism - A more or l

7、ess negative attitude toward the existing social Lake Poets- William Wordsworth, S. T. Coleridge, Robert Southey; Active Romanticists - Byron, Shelly and Keats,Part 2. Emotion - A peasant poet; - A lyrist on the themes of love and friendship and nature ; - Material from the folk legends and folk son

8、gs of Scotland,Part 3. Wordsworth - Spokesman of Romanticism,“A poet is a man speaking to men. He is more sensitive, passionate and sentimental than others.” - William Wordsworth,William Wordsworth: poet-laureate (1770-1850),Early Years A keen love of nature - No intellectual company - Great comfort

9、 in books - Solitary - A conservative poet after the “Jacobin Terror” Close relationship with Dorothy, his sister - His confidante and inspirer: to transform his observation of the landscape into the revelation of the beauty of nature in poetry. Friendship with Coleridge - Life-long friends in 1797;

10、 - Jointly published Lyrical Ballads in 1798 Major Works Lyrical Ballads in 1798 with Samuel Taylor Coleridge The Prelude - Long autobiographical poem written between 1798-1805 523 sonnets,Lyrical Ballads (1798),Thefirstimportantexpression of romanticism was in the Lyrical Ballads (1798) of William

11、Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Wordsworth: To treat ordinary subjects with a new freshness that imparts a certain radiance to them, anti-industrialization Coleridge: To create an illusion of reality in relating strange, exotic, or obviously unreal events, that is, mysterious/demonic, dreamy

12、, oriental, visionary,The Rime of the Ancient Mariner Kubla Khan,What did William Wordsworth say ?,Lyrical Ballads is the expression of the theory of poetry, contrary to that of Neo-classicism. In the preface to the volume, Wordsworth laid down his principles or rules for the composition of poetry:

13、a. Poems about the life of common people, in particular the humble life of rustic people;,The principle object, then, which I proposed to myself in these poems was to choose incidents and situations from common life,Poetry about the incidents and situations of the common people transformed by means

14、of imagination and thus appearing somewhat novel and fantastic; Poetry dealing with the essence of humanity through description and relation of these incidents and situations;, and , at the same time, to throw over them a certain coloring of imagination, whereby ordinary things should be presented t

15、o the mind in an usual way,and , further, and above all, to make these incidents and situations interesting by tracing in them, truly though not ostentatiously, the primary laws of our nature,Poetry produced in the language spoken by common people, in normal conversation, who live in close contact w

16、ith nature and lead a simple life; Poetry containing a moral purpose, which has to be a natural outcome of the strong emotions of a poet., and to relate or describe them, throughout, as far as was possible, in a selection of language really used by men, that each of them has a worthy purpose. but I

17、believe that my habits of meditation have so formed my feelings, as my description of such objects as strongly excite those feelings, will be found to carry along with them a purpose.,Wordsworths Poetical Believes Poetry could purify both individual souls and society; Poetry is Spontaneous; Nature i

18、nspires Poetry; Common Subjects can be Poetic.,Poetry is the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.”,Study of “I wondered lonely as a cloud”咏水仙（1）,我宛若孤飞的流云， 闲飘过峡谷山冈， 蓦然见成簇的水仙， 遍染出满地金黄： 或栖身树下，或绽放湖旁， 摇曳的花枝随风飘荡。 不绝如缕似银河的星斗， 隐约闪现露一片光芒。 它们无际地向前伸展， 沿着湖畔散落成行。 放眼望，千朵万朵, 正颔首嬉戏，浪舞轻妆。,咏水仙 （2） 华滋华斯,弄影的湖波荡漾

19、， 怎比得水仙花舞步欢畅。 既有这快活的旅伴相依， 诗人们怎能不心花怒放。 我只是凝望，凝望，却未曾想到 这美景将于我价值无双！- 多少次，每当我卧榻独处， 无端的思绪里慵倦迷茫， 这景象便会如返照的回光， 送轻温抚慰我寂寞的心房。 我的灵魂于是又注满了欢欣， 伴水仙同乐舞步飞扬。,“All good poetry is the Spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”. Poetry “takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility”.,Study of “I wondered lo

20、nely as a cloud”,Study of “I wondered lonely as a cloud”,Tranquil contemplation of an emotional experience matures the feeling and sensation, makes possible the creation of good poetry like the mellow of old wine . Emotion immediately expressed is as raw as wine newly bred. - William Wordsworth Tran

21、sient beauty = Eternal enjoyment,Study of “I wondered lonely as a cloud”,“ . When we were in the woods beyond Gowbarrow Park we saw a few daffodils close to the water side I never saw daffodils so beautiful they grew among the mossy stones about and above them, some rested their heads upon these sto

22、nes as on a pillow for weariness and the rest tossed and reeled and danced and seemed as if they verily laughed with the wind that blew upon them over the lake, they looked so gay ever glancing ever changing”. ( Journal, Dorothy Wordsworth, 15 April 1802).,Study of “I wondered lonely as a cloud”,The

23、me of “The Solitary Reaper”,Read this Wordsworth poem slowly and mindfully, singing a melancholy strain. Listen for overflowing sounds that break the silence. Adopting rural figures to suggest the timeless mystery of sorrowful humanity and its radiant beauty. Everything in life can be made poetic an

24、d what we need is a poetic heart to observe.,Part 3. Wordsworth - Spokesman of Romanticism,Conclusion: - One of the best British sonneteers , and also could write the blank verse very effectively.(together with lyrics) - Highly praised for his moral and philosophical speculations in his later poetry

25、 in the heyday of Victorian morality; - In the 20th century his fame rests chiefly upon his early poems on liberty, or simple rural life in the country side, and on nature.,Part 4. Knowledge about Poetry,Kinds of Poetry: according to its forms and contents, it can be divided into the followings Narr

26、ative Poem: ballad, epic,metrical romances. Lyric: including sonnet, elegy , ode lived in loneliness and poverty with his mother in Scotland Made Lord Byron at 10 by the death of his granduncle Major works:,Byronic Hero 1)A proud revolutionary figure of noble origin, rising single handed against any kind of tyrannic rules in government or religion or moral society with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies. 2)These t