英国文学史第一章.ppt

1、英国文学史A Brief Survey of British Literature,华北科技学院 英语专业教研室 李云瑾,What is Literature? “written compositions that tell stories, dramatize situations, express emotions, and analyze and advocate ideas.”,If winter comes, can spring be far behind 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？（P241）,All the worlds a stage, And all the men and

2、women merely players: They have their exits and their entrances; And one man in his time plays many parts, His acts being seven ages. At first the infant, Mewling(低泣；咪咪叫 )and puking(呕吐 )in the nurses arms. And then the whining(抱怨） school-boy, with his satchel （小书包）And shining morning face, creeping

3、like snail Unwillingly to school. And then the lover, Sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad Made to his mistress eyebrow. Then a soldier, Full of strange oaths and bearded like the pard, Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel, Seeking the bubble reputation Even in the cannons mouth. And

4、 then the justice, In fair round belly with good capon lined, With eyes severe and beard of formal cut, Full of wise saws and modern instances; And so he plays his part. The sixth age shifts Into the lean and slipperd pantaloon, With spectacles on nose and pouch on side, His youthful hose, well save

5、d, a world too wide For his shrunk shank; and his big manly voice, Turning again toward childish treble, pipes And whistles in his sound. Last scene of all, That ends this strange eventful history, Is second childishness and mere oblivion, Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything,Let life

6、be beautiful like summer flowers and death like autumn leaves.,IT is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.,Literary Genre,Novel， Novella，short story (Fiction) Drama, ( play) Dramalist (playwright) Poetry, Poet Essay ( Essayist)

7、 prose-verse,What to learn in this course? 1historical and cultural background /literary movement 2. life story of the masters 3. masterpieces introduction and features 4. some important literary terms.,70%: final exam 30% attendance assignments performance/participation,Part 1 Early and Medieval En

8、glish Literature,Early :Early” here means English literature in primitive and slavery society. Medieval “Medieval period” is a quite special period in English history. In Chinese “Medieval” or “The Middle Age” means “中世纪”. You may hear something about this period. It is named “The Middle Age” becaus

9、e it was considered as the time between ancient world and the modern world. Here “Medieval” means English literature in feudal England before the Renaissance.,Chapter 1 The Making of England,Making: 形成组成,Stonehenge(巨石阵）（史前巨石阵） About 5,000 years ago The most famous prehistoric monument and tourist at

10、traction,Briton（不列吞人）：a tribe of Celts 大约从公元前500年开始，凯尔特人（Celts）从欧洲大陆进犯并占领了不列颠诸岛。 凯尔特人最初居住在今天德国南部地区，是欧洲最早学会制造和使用铁器和金制装饰品的民族；在征服不列颠之前，他们曾征服了今天的法国、西班牙、葡萄牙、意大利等地区；来到不列颠后，一部分凯尔特人在今天的爱尔兰和苏格兰定居下来，其余的一部分占领了今天的英格兰的南部和东部。,Natives of Britain tall and golden-haired Celts from Central Europe farmers warlike peop

11、le,Roman Britain (55 B.C.- 410A.D.),Roman Invasion（Conquest）,皇帝（Empror）和国王（King）两个词，在欧洲历史上有着截然不同的定义。“国王”从一开始就指世袭专制君主，而“皇帝”在拉丁文中最早是“将军”“军事统帅”的意思。因此，罗马帝国的君主可以自称“皇帝”，但绝不能自称“国王”因为从理论上，罗马皇帝的权威来自人民和元老院，是元老院授权的首席元老、执政官、军事统帅、护民官和大祭司，并不是“世袭专制君主”。,England and Wales became a part of the Roman Empire for nearly

12、 400 years.,Roman Civilization,Extraordinary achievement in building roads “All Roads Lead to Rome” Hadrians Wall(哈德良长城） Englands great wall 2000 years ago,410 A.D. all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned.,Question: Which period of time in British history should be named R

13、oman period.,The English history has been a history of invasion.,In 449 A.D., after the fall of the Roman Empire and the withdrawal of Roman troops, the aboriginal (native 使改变信仰 King Ethelbert of Kent, and within a century (in 7th century) all England was Christianized.,Primitive inhabitants Celts -

14、Roman -Anglo-Saxon,3). Beowulf,It can be justly termed Englands national epic and its hero Beowulf-one of the national heroes of the English people.,epic,An extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, celebrating the feats of a legendary or traditional hero. 史诗：用严肃或庄重的语言写成的叙事长诗，歌颂传奇中或

15、历史上英雄的丰功伟绩,Author: an unknown scribe Time: 10th Century Content: the events which took place on the Continent at the beginning of the 6th Century Parts: 3128 lines, 2 parts,Beowulf,The story of Beowulf Structured by battles Tell me what are the three battles ( P3 ) First battle Beowulf-Grendel Secon

16、d battle Beowulf-Grendels mother Third Battle Beowulf-fire dragon,Beowulf is a folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes.,Features of Beowulf Alliteration metaphor,Alliteration（押头韵） “head rhyme首韵 ” definition: alliteration refers to the repetition of a particular so

17、und in the first syllables of a series of words and/or phrases. Pride & Prejudice 傲慢与偏见 More examples？ e.g. now and never as dead as a doornail Penny wise, pound foolish. The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew。 和风吹荡，水花飞溅。 I slip, I slide, I gloom, I glance. 我滑动，我流淌，我暗淡，我闪光。,Alliteration:,“Thus ma

18、de their mourning the men of Geatland,For their heros passing, his hearth-companions,Quoth that of all the kings of earth,Of men he was the mildest and most beloved,To his kin the kindest, keenest to praise.”,“head rhyme首韵 ” Find out the Alliteration on P4,Metaphor(隐喻) Definition: A figure of speech

19、 in which an implied comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something in common. A metaphor expresses the unfamiliar in terms of the familiar. e.g. 1.My life is one long curve, full of turning points. 2. My heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill.,(2) metaphors

20、: eg. king= “Ring-giver” sea= “swans bath” & “whales road” ship= “sea-wood”,Understatement（低调陈述）： definition: A figure of speech in which a writer or speaker deliberately makes a situation seem less important or serious than it is. e.g. 1.I am just going outside and may be some time. (Captain Lawrence Oates, before walking out in