2023年上海市长宁区高三年级下册二模英语试卷含详解

2023学年第二学期高三英语质量调研试卷

（考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分）

I.ListeningComprehension

SectionA

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeach

conversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbe

spokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossible

answersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

1.A.Hisboss.

B.Hisassistant.

C.Hiscustomer.

D.Hisfriend.

2.A.OnTuesday.

B.OnThursday.

C.OnFriday.

D.OnWednesday.

3.A.Ittakeshimtoomuchtime.

B.Thedistanceisquitelong.

C.Healwayshastrafficjams.

D.Ifsok,nottoobad.

4.A.HeenjoyedtheTVspecialaboutHuahua.

B.HedidnotlikewatchingtheTVspecial.

C.HemissedwatchingtheTVspecial.

D.He'dliketoseetheTVspecialagain.

5.A.Themanshouldworkharder.

B.Themanshouldrejecttheoffer.

C.Themancanapplyforthejobagain.

D.Themanmayhaveanotherchance.

6.A.Thewomanwouldratherstayathome.

B.Thewomanwouldliketotravelalone.

C.ThewomanhasbeentoSoutheastAsia.

D.ThewomanwouldliketovisitThailand.

7.A.Hefeelsconfidentaboutgettingapromotion.

B.Hedoesn'tthinkheisreadyforthepromotion.

C.Heisdisappointedaboutnotbeingpromoted.

D.Heiswell-preparedforthepromotion.

8.A.Shedoesn'tlikewatchingtennisgames.

B.Shewillwatchatennisgamenexttime.

C.Shecanceledthistennisgame.

D.Shetotallyforgotthistennisgame.

9.A.Checkherapartmenttoseeifitneedsredecorating.

B.Giveheradviceonhowtochooseadesigncompany.

C.Tellherhowmuchtheredecorationmightcost.

D.Createaredecorationdesignforherfreeofcharge.

10.A.Thefireworksshowwasreallyimpressive.

B.Themanwasnotinterestedinthefireworksshow.

C.Theshowwascanceledbecauseofalaborstrike.

D.Thewomanwillwatchthefireworksshownextmonth.

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbe

askedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversation

willbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefour

possibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhave

heard.

Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

11.A.Theycauseairpollution.

B.Theyarehardtogetridof.

C.Theyappearindifferentforms.

D.Theydamagetheinstruments.

12.A.NASAengineerscheckstudents5productinperson.

B.HUNCHSchoolteachersguidetheseprojectdesigns.

C.AstronautsteachHUNCHSchoolstudentsinspace.

D.HUNCHSchoolstudentssolvedtheproblemforastronauts.

13.A.Toenhanceteacher-studentrelationships.

B.Toimprovestudents9communicationskills.

C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.

D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.

Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

14.A.Thereturnofalostwalletindicatesone'shonesty.

B.Weseemtoknowourownmindsquitewell.

C.Neighborsandfamilymembersmonitoreachother.

D.Manypeoplebuylatteoutoftrueloveofcoffee.

15.A.Peopledenyactingfrominnerpersonalities.

B.Wecanbeinfluencedbyoutsidepressures.

C.Ourbehavioristheresultofourtruedesires.

D.Ourcharactersshapeoursocialrelationships.

16.A.Personalitiesandattitudes.

B.Preferencesandhabits.

C.Behaviorsandpersonalities.

D.Attitudesandpreferences.

Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.

17.A.Classmates.

B.Cousins.

C.Parentandchild.

DProfessorandstudent.

18.A.Shecancookherfavoritefood.

B.Shewantstokeepherroomcleanandtidy.

C.Shecanfinallyhavesomeprivacy.

D.Shedoesn'tgetalongwellwithhersister.

19.A.Hecannotfullyunderstandrecipes.

B.Hehastroubleinsocializingwithothers.

C.He'slikelytogetintofinancialtrouble.

D.Heisnotgoodatdoinghouseholdchores.

20.A.Preparefoodonherown.

B.Workoutaweeklybudget.

C.Gotopartiesandclubslessoften.

D.Haveapart-timejob.

II.GrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.For

theblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useoneword

thatbestfitseachblank.

Bob'sproblemsbeganduringhisformativeyears.Hisparentsgotdivorcedwhenhewasyoung,andneitherofhisparents

wantedtoraisehimorhisbrotherandsister,sohe](bring)upbyafosterfamilychosenbyasocialworkerinthe

community.

Unfortunately,hisfosterfatherwasastrictauthoritarianandoftenbeathim.Bobrebelledagainstthisstrictupbringing,

andbythetimehewaseightyearsold,he2(run)wild,stealingfromshopsandplayingtruant.Whenhereached

adolescence,sometimearoundhisthirteenthbirthday,hehadalreadyappearedincourtseveraltimes,charged3

juvenilecrimes.Thejudgeblamedhisfosterparents,4(explain)thatchildrenneededresponsibleparentsand

guardianswhowouldlookafterthemproperly.Thefosterfatherdidn'tagreewiththejudgeandobjectedtothis,pointingout

thatBob'stwobrothersandsisterwerewell-adjustedchildrenwhobehavedathomeandworkedwellatschool.

Thishasraisedsomeinterestingquestionsaboutthemodernfamilysystem.5itistruethatparentsshouldnotbe

toolenientwithchildrenbylettingthemdo6theywant,7tooover-protectivebyshelteringthemfromthe

realitiesoflife,itisalsotruethattheyshouldnotbetoostrict.Ithasalsohighlightedthedisadvantagesofthemodernnuclear

family8thechildhasonlyitsmotherandfathertorelyonorthesingle-parentfamily,inwhichthemotherorfather

hastostruggleparticularlyhard9(support)theirdependents.

Infact,manypeoplebelievethatwe10returntotraditionalfamilyvaluesandtheextendedfamily:extensive

researchhasshownthatchildrenfromthesefamiliesaregenerallybetterbehavedandhaveabetterchanceofsuccessinlater

life.

SectionB

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethat

thereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.engageB.assessC.combinationD.intentionsE.refreshF.understandingG.relaxedH.consciouslyI.

returnJ.threatensK.regretfully

“Dealingwithmoneyisabasiclifeskill”

WhyHnancialtransactionsareaboutrelationshipsandwhythe

qualityoftherelationshipismoreimportantthanthetransactionitself.

Britishpsychologist,WilliamBloom,haslongarguedthatsocietywouldbenefitifmoneyflowedmorefreely-if,for

example,peopleregularlygivepartoftheirsalariesorprofitstocharity.

Whenyousay,“Moneyshouldflowmorefreely,wwhatdoyoumean?

“TherearetwometaphorsthatIliketouseformoney.Oneistheenergyoftheenvironmentandhumannature.Money

representsa(n)11oftheseenergies;ifsamaterializedformofenergy.Theothermetaphoriswater.Ifyoulookat

water,itcanbestillandpollutedor,oncethedamsareopened,ithastheabilityto12itself.Healthyenergyflowsin

thewayrichpeopleshouldallowtheirmoneytoflow.Iftheyaregood,theywillknowhowtogive.^^

Moneystillisn'tflowingfreely.

Alotofitisdammedupinbanksandinthehandsofasmallpercentageofextremelywealthyindividuals.t6Wehaveto

buildasocietyinwhichwearenotthreatenedbyeachother.Thegapbetweentherichandthepoor13social

connectionandharmony.TheBabyBoomers(婴儿潮一代)aretoocomfortablefortoolong.Nowtheyhavetoaskthemselves

whattheirpoliticsare,becauselifeispolitical.Thisisthetimeforallofusto14politically.^^

Howcanwedealwithmoneyinahealthierway?

“Whenitcomestomoney,thereisalotofnaivete.Childrenneedtobetaughtinschoolthatdealingwithmoneyisa

basiclifeskill.Theyneedtobeabletoreadabankstatementina(n)15way.Whenatransactiontakesplace,this

means16pausingtosay,"Thisexchangeaffectsmeinthisandthisway.'Weareoftenintoomuchofahurrytorealize

that.Wealsoforgetthattransactionsarefirstandforemostaboutrelationships.Thequalityofthatrelationshipismore

importantthanthetransactionitself.ThafswhyBedouins(游牧民族贝都因人)alwaysshareacupofteawhentheydo

businesstogether.Theyunderstandtheneedto17theirrelationshipwithothers.”

Anotherformofflowisgiving.Canthatbeakindofspiritualpractice?

“Humansareparadoxicalbeings.Itispossibletohavepure18andtogetsatisfactionasaby-productfromyour

actions.Thereistheclassicideathatgivingawaymoneybringsasenseofsafetyandsatisfaction.Anditdoes.Beingalivein

thisuniversecomesfromthe19thatyou'repartofaflowintheuniverse.Peoplethinkhighlyofaltruism(舍己为人),

givingawaymoneytosomeonewhocannotseeyou.Donatingmoneytocharityisnotjustaboutthematerialeffectbutitalso

allowsyoutopayattentiontowhatcausesyou'resupporting.Ifshealthytogivewithoutthinkingofthematerial20.

Moneyisneutral,likelanguage.It'sallaboutthewayinwhichitisused.^^

HI.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C

andD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Acureforthefutureinthepast?

Foroverfiftyyears,thepeopleofBritainhavereliedonthewelfarestatetomakesuretheyhaveadequatehealthservices.

ButnowtheNationalHealthServiceissick.Government21andunderfundingareforcinghospitalstoclose,and

waitinglistsfortreatmentaregettinglonger.Undersuchcircumstances,itisnosurprisethatmorepeopleareturningtoprivate

(butexpensive)healthcare.

Forsome,however,thereare22.Theyareturningtheirbackonmodempills,tabletsandresortingtoother

conventionalmedicine.Itseemsparadoxical,butinanageofmicrochipsandhightechnology,traditionalmedicine,theold-

fashionedcuresthatourgrandparentsreliedon,ismakinga23.

Considerthesecasestudies:

Maudeis76yearsoldandhasbeensufferingfromarthritisforalmosttenyears."Thepaininmyjointswasalmost

24.andmydoctorreferredmetoasurgeonattheLondonHospital.IwastoldthatIneeded25,butwouldneed

towaitforatleasttwoyearsbeforeIcouldhavetheoperation.In26,Istartedhavingmassagesessions.Tomysurprise,

thesewereverytherapeutic,andwhiletheydidn'tcurethedisorder,theydid27ittosomeextent”.

Ronis46.Hishigh-poweredcityjobwas28foraseriesofstress-relatedillnesses,andthedrugshetookdidn't

workwellonthenervousstrain."Ireadabout29whichinvolvethewholepersonratherthantheindividualsymptoms,

butIhadalwaysdoubtedaboutsuchkindofmedicineforalldiseases.However,myfriend30adieticianwhotoldme

thatpartofmyproblemwasdiet-related.Basically,thefoodIwaseatingwas31tomydisorder.Shegavemealistof

foodsthatwouldprovidetherightvitaminsandmineralstokeepmeingoodhealth.Atthesametime,sheadvocatedamore

32lifestyle-running,swimming,thatkindofthing,rmabitofacouchpotato,andthiskindoflifestyleIhadlived

was33theproblem.NowIfeelgreat!?,

Soistherestillaplaceinourlivesformodemmedicine?Whileitistruethatsomeinfectionsandvirusesmaybe

34byturningtotraditionalmedicine,moreseriousillnessessuchascancerneedmoreextrememeasures.Wedoneed

ourhealthserviceatthesetimes,andweshouldn'tstop_35initsfuture.Butwemustn'tforgetthatforsomecommon

illnesses,thecuremaylieinthepast.

21.

A.supportB.restrictionsC.cutbacksD.concern

22.

A.programsB.alternativesC.measuresD.scales

23.

A.comebackB.livingC.changeD.mess

24.

A.uniqueB.uncertainC.universalD.unbearable

25.

A.permissionB.surgeryC.supervisionD.strength

26.

A.conditionB.desperationC.generalD.particular

27.

AprotectB.recoverC.relieveD.treat

28.

A.eagerB.gratefulC.famousD.responsible

29.

A.treatmentsB.sourcesC.spiritsD.comments

30.

A.supervisedB.declaredC.recommendedD.tempted

31.

A.contributingB.adaptingC.subjectingD.objecting

32.

A.moderateB.activeC.negativeD.suitable

33.

A.identifyingB.investigatingC.estimatingD.worsening

34.

A.preventedB.empoweredC.indicatedD.restored

35.

A.undertakingB.invadingC.investingD.evolving

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheone

thatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

A

Themembersofthegroupsaweachotherregularly,becausetheyallhadserioushealthproblems.Twelve-year-old

Marcwasautistic（自闭症）.Buthere,inthegroupcircle,theycouldtalkaboutwhattheyfelt.Heretheycouldlistentothe

othersandprovideeachotherwithsomeofthehumanattentiontheyoftensoterriblymissed.

Butthatevening,theydidn'tknowhowtotalkaboutwhathadjusthappened:Paulhaddied.Thegroupwouldnever

againenjoyhisanimatedlaughter.Everyonestaredstraightahead.Onlysadnessandasenseofimpotencerosetothe

surface.Nomatterwhatshetried,Jackie,thenursefacilitatingthegroup,couldn'tgetaconversationgoing.

ThenJackiedescribedhowpeopleinsomecultures,whentheyweresadandwantedtosharetheirfeelingsbutcould

notfindthewordstoexpresstheirsorrow,wouldsitinacircleandmakerhythmicmusictogether.Theneveryonepickedup

oneofthedjembedrumsintheroom.Jackiebegansoftlybeatinghersandtheothersjoinedin.Boom-boom-ta,boom-

boom-ta.Slowly,theylettherhythmcarrythemaway.MarchadtroublekeepingtimewiththeothersandgaveJackiea

frightenedlook.Shesmiledherencouragement,andhefocusedaswellashecould.Jackiebegantoplayslowly,andthe

othersfollowed.Athersign,afewbegantodrumoutoftimewiththebeat.

Suddenly,therhythmofthemusicchanged.Everyonewasplayinghisorherownmelody:noonewasleadingthe

park.Everyonewascarriedbythemusic.Gradually,thesadnessfounditswayout.Karin,inawheelchair,wasthefirstto

thinkofhowmuchPaulhadenjoyedmakingmusicwiththerestofthegroup.Thentheotherstoldtheirownstories.Their

faceswerewetwithtears-asweretheinstruments-butstilltherhythmcarriedthem.Theyfeltasone,witheachotherand

withPaul.Theseweretearsofsorrowandmourning,butalsoofsolidarityandconnection.

Henribegantosmile,andtherestsoonjoinedhim.Therhythmquickened.Theircombinedmusicheldpowerand

energy.Marcfeltrelieved.Abroadsmilelituphisface,andtheotherswerehappytoseehimthisway.Thenthesituation

hadchangedcompletely.Sorrowhadmadewayforhope.

Peoplehavebeenmakingrhythmicmusicingroups,usingdrums.Itisatradition,whereinhealingtakesplacethrough

thespiritandtheemotions,throughcontactwiththebodyanditssubtlepowersofself-healing.Inarecentstudy,physician

BarryBittmanshowedthatmakingrhythmicmusicinagroupaffectsourphysicalcondition.Immunecellsinparticularare

stimulatedtogreateractivity.

36.Themembersofthegroupmeetregularlyto

A.findasolutiontotheirhealthproblemsB.tellinterestingstories

C.sharetheirfeelingsandemotionsD.playmusicinstruments

37.Whydidtheystarestraightaheadthistime?

A.Marccouldn'ttalkaboutwhathefelt.B.Paul'sdeathmadethemfeelsorrowful.

C.Jackiecouldn'tfacilitateothermembers.D.Henrifoundithardtoexpresshissadness.

38.HowdidJackieencourageMarc?

A.Shegavehimanencouragingsmile.B.Shetalkedaboutherownexperiences.

C.Shetaughthimhowtoplaydjembedrums.D.Shepausedandlettherhythmcarryon.

39.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthispassage?

A.Gettingtogethermakespeoplefeelsorrowful.B.It'satraditiontomakerhythmicmusic.

C.Whyimmunecellsarestimulatedtogreateractivity.D.Howmusiccapturestherhythmofthesoul.

OverseasLearning

SomersetYewWahClassroom,UK

SomersetYewWahClassroomprogramisauniqueEnglishlanguageandlifeeducationprogramintheYewWah

secondarycurriculumcateredforGrade6,Grade8andGrade10students.Establishedin2006,theSomersetEnglish

learningandculturalcenterprovidesadistinctiveopportunityforstudentstoexperienceanauthenticEnglishenvironment.

TheCentreislocatedinatraditionalEnglishvillageinSomersetSibley'sBamandtheKnowleHallcampus,anewly

renovatedVictorian-eracountryhousebuilton15acresoflandinbeautifulopenparkland,issituatedclosetoourSibley

Barn'sCentreandwasestablishedin2016.TheSomersetprogramprovidesanexcellentcross-culturalexperiencewhich

enhancesself-confidence,independence,teamworkandleadershipskillsofstudents.TheSomersetprogramcontinuesupon

students5returntoChina.

WorldClassroom

WorldClassroomisaconceptoflearningbeyondtheschoolbuildingwalls.Itisanextensionoftheexperimental,

project-basedlearningatthecoreoftheYewWaheducationalmodel.TheWorldClassroomprogramisjustoneofthe

uniqueexperienceswhichallowstudentstosamplemajorculturesoftheworld,includingEuropean,African,Middle

Eastern,PacificandAnglo-American.

ExperiencingChina

TheprogramprovidessecondarystudentswiththeopportunitiestogaininsightsintoChinesehistoryandcultureby

visitingvariousregionsofChina.Thisresidentialprogrambroadensstudents'understandingoftheirowncountry.Through

first-handcross-culturalexperiences,theprogramsincreasestudents'understandingofvariouscultures,promotecritical

thinking,andhelpstudentsdevelopanappreciationofdifferentviewpoints.Theprogramsultimatelyhelpprepareour

studentsforanevolvingmodemworldbynurturingtheircross-culturalknowledgeandskills,international-mindednessand

attitudesontheirbecomingtrueglobalcitizenswithacommitmenttoservethecommunityandsociety.

TripsandExcursions

Tripsandexcursionsallowstudentstoenhancesocietalvisions,enrichlifeexperiencesandstrengthencommunication

andproblem-solvingskills.StudentsparticipateinHongKongHike,oneofthemosttraditionalannualoutdooractivities

wherestudentsrelyheavilyonteamworkandpersonalwillpowertoreachthedestinationswhenfacingsurvivalchallenges.

“Afterthehike,hegrewintoalmostadifferentperson.Hebecamemorematureandnowcapableoftakingcareofhimself,

andmoreresponsible,9,saidaparentofherson.ThesequalitiesareexactlywhatHongKongHikewantstoachieve.

40.WhydostudentsparticipateinSomersetYewWahclassroominUK?

A.TodoresearchonBritishculturesandappreciatebeautifulviews.

B.Toenhanceself-confidence,independence,teamworkandleadershipskills.

C.TohaveaspecialcampustourtoSibley'sBamandtheKnowleHall.

D.ToshowtheirappreciationofBritishhistoryandtheirowncultures.

41.ExperiencingChinaprogrammainlyaimstohelpstudentsto.

A.becapableoftakingcareofhimselfandtheirparents

B.comparelearninginChinawithlearningoverseas

C.broadentheirunderstandingoftheirowncountry

D.interpretglobalizationandpromoteChineseculture

42.WhatdoesthemotherofastudentthinkofHongKongHike?

A.Itempowersstudentstohaveteamworkwillpowerandresponsibility.

B.Ithelpsstudentstoshareabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundthem.

C.Itworksoutawaytoresolvetheconflictsbetweenparentsandthestudents.

D.Itenhancesstudents9intemational-mindednessandshapesattitudestoothers.

C

THEGLOBALWASTETRADEISESSENTIALLYBROKEN

CutintohillsideinnorthernMalaysiastandsalarge,open-airwarehouse.Thisisarecyclingfactory,whichopenedlast

November.OnaveryhotafternooninJanuary,ShahidAliwasworkinghisveryfirstweekonthejob.Hestoodknee-deep

insoggy,whitebitsofplastic.Aroundhim,morebitsfloatedoftheconveyorbeltandfelltothegroundlikesnowflakes.

Hourafterhour,Alisortsthroughtheplasticjumblemovingdownthebelt,pickingoutpiecesthatlookoff-coloror

soiled-rejects(废品)intherecyclingprocess.Thoughitlookslikebackbreakingwork,Alisaysitisagreatimprovement

overhispreviousjob,foldingbed-sheetsinanearbytextilefactory,formuchlowerpay.Now,ifheeatssimply,hecansave

moneyfromhiswagesofjustover$1anhourandsend$250amonthtohisparentsandsixbrothersandsistersinPeshawar,

Pakistan,2,700milesaway,“AssoonasIheardaboutthiswork,Iaskedforajob,9,saysAli,24,abeardedmanwithglasses

andaneasysmile.Still,he'sworking12hoursaday,sevendaysaweek.t4IfItakeadayoff,Iloseaday'swages,"hesays.

Inthewarehouse,hundredsofbagsarestackedmorethan60feethigh-eachstuffedwithplasticwrappersandbags

thrownawayweeksearlierbytheiroriginalusersinCalifornia.Thefactthatthewastehastraveledtothisdistantcornerof

theplanetinthefirstplaceshowshowbadlytheglobalrecyclingeconomyhasfailedtokeeppacewithhumanity'splastics

addiction.Thisisanecosystemthatisdeeplydysfunctional,ifnotonthepointofcollapse:About90%ofthemillionsof

tonsofplastictheworldproduceseveryyearwilleventuallyendupnotrecycled,butburned,buried,ordumped.

Plasticrecyclingenjoysever-widersupportamongconsumers:Puttingyogurtcontainersandjuicebottlesinabluebin

isaneco-friendlyactoffaithinmillionsofhouseholds.Butfaithgoesonlysofar.Thetidalwaveofplasticitemsthatenters

therecyclingstreameachyearisincreasinglylikelytofallrightbackoutagain,casualtiesofabrokenmarket.Many

productsthatconsumersbelieve(andindustriesclaim)are“recyclable"areinrealitynot,becauseofhardeconomics.With

oilandgaspricesnear20-yearlows,so-calledvirginplastic,aproductofpetroleumfeed-stocks,isnowfarcheaperand

easiertoobtainthanrecycledmaterial.Thatunforeseenshifthasyankedthefinancialrugoutfromunderwhatwasuntil

recentlyapracticalrecyclingindustry.tuTheglobalwastetradeisessentiallybroken,9,saystheheadoftheglobalplastics

campaignatGreenpeace.t4Wearesittingonvastamountsofplasticwithnowheretosenditandnothingtodowithit.”

43.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsShahidAli?

A.Critical.B.Merciless.C.Indifferent.D.Sympathetic.

44.Whatmostprobablycausestheproblemofglobalwasterecycling?

A.Thepricesofoilandgashavebeenincreasing.

B.Tonsofwastestravelsofarbeforebeingrecycled.

C.Recyclableproductsarenotreallyrecycled.

D.Governmentsdon'tsupporttherecyclingindustry.

45.Whatdoestheitalicizedword“dysfunctional“meaninthepassage?

A.Outofstock.B.Farfrompleased.C.Fullofenergy.D.Outoforder.

46.Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthisarticle?

A.Toillustratehowplasticwastehasbeenrecycledintheworld.

B.Towarnpeoplethattheglobalwastetradeisessentiallybroken.

C.Toanalyzetherelationshipbetweenconsumersandfactories.

D.Tosolvetheconflictbetweentherecyclingindustryandgovernments.

SectionC

Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Each

sentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

MarthaStewartwascharged,triedandconvictedofacrimein2014.Asshenearedtheendofherprisonsentence,a

well-knowncolumnistwrotethatshewas“payingherdues,^^andthat“thereissimplynoreasonforanyonetoattemptto

denyherrighttostartanew.”

47Unfortunately,manyfederalandstatelawsimposepost-convictionrestrictionsona

shockinglylargenumberofAmericans,whoarepreventedfromeverfullypayingtheirdebttosociety.

Atleast65millionpeopleintheUnitedStateshaveacriminalrecord.Thiscanresultinseverepenalties（惩罚）that

continuelongafterpunishmentiscompleted.

Manyofthesepenaltiesareimposedregardlessoftheseriousnessoftheoffenseortheperson'sindividual

circumstances.48Theycanaffectaperson'sabilitytogetajobandqualificationfor

benefits.

Inall,morethan45,000lawsandrulesservetoexcludevastnumbersofpeoplefromfullyparticipatinginAmerican

life.Somelawsmakesenses.Nooneadvocateslettingsomeoneconvictedofpedophilia（恋童癖）workinaschool.

49Shouldawomanwhopossessedasmallamountofdrugsyearsagobepermanently

unabletobelicensedasanurse?

Theselawsarealsocounterproductive（适得其反），sincetheymakeitharderforpeoplewithcriminalrecordstofind

housingorajob,twokeyfactorsthatreducebacksliding.Arecentreportmakesseveralrecommendations,includingthe

abolitiono