消除贫困与农村妇女扫盲.ppt

1、Poverty Alleviation and Rural Women Literacy On Value of Literacy消 除 贫 困 与 农 村 妇 女 扫 盲兼论扫盲教育的价值,Lai Li 赖 立 中央教育科学研究所成人教育研究中心 Center of Adult EducationChina National Institute for Educational Research,Abstracts,The importance of the question of women in poverty alleviation. 在消除贫困中，妇女问题的重要性 The impact

2、 of poverty culture on the womens personality, mentality and impetus of learning. 贫困文化对妇女个性心理和学习动力的影响 Away from the misunderstanding of eliminating illiteracy, promoting the overall development of rural women. 走出扫盲教育的误区，促进农村妇女全面发展 Case one: A series of poverty alleviation program for women. Case two

3、: Extension of household management program for women.,贫困的女性化 Feminization of PovertyThe global: Women accounted for 70% of 1.3 billion poor populations.China: Women accounted for about 60% of current poor populations.低文化人群女性化 Groups of People with Lower Level of Literacy Tend to be WomenThe global

4、: Women accounted for 70% of one billion illiterates.China: Women accounted for 76% of the worlds illiterates. 农业的女性化 Feminization of AgricultureChina: Rural women seriously lag behind in the process of transfer of non-agriculture industries, shifting from men plowing the fields and women weaving to

5、 men working and women plowing the fields. Rural women undertake 70% of agricultural labor and 90% of household chores.,Serious facts that can not be ignored 不容忽视的严重事实,Poor Living Environment Influences Womens Personality and Mentality 贫困的生活环境影响妇女个性心理,Key Words Being sick of learning 厌 学 Sense of in

6、feriority 自 卑 Self-isolation 闭 锁 Dependence 依 附,As an intellectual aid-the-poor program, one of its main tasks of Eliminating illiteracy is to effectively relieve spiritual bind up on women illiterates, to help them build up the awareness of self-esteem, self-reliance, and self-independence, stimula

7、te their inner-impetus of learning, and to make them really go out of disadvantaged situation. 扫盲是一种智力扶贫,Case One： A Serial of Poverty Alleviation Program for Women in Lliang Region, Shanxi Province 案例一：山西吕梁地区妇女连环脱贫项目,With family as unit and by relying on rural women, a number of peasant households

8、with capability, technology, and enthusiasm were selected as pilot households, forming various groups of poverty alleviation. Pilot households were not only responsible for loans and its repayment, but also for providing poor families with training, technical guidance, materials and information serv

9、ices, bringing about a chained-like and linked development model featuring the rich helping the poor, the poor turning into the rich and the rich leading the poor. Through its recycled use of “ offering loans-repayment-re-offering loans, the funds that is given in a lump sum has added value in a rol

10、ling way.,Case One ：A Serial of Poverty Alleviation Program for Women in Lliang Region, Shanxi Province 案例一：山西吕梁地区妇女连环脱贫项目,Results 成 效 The number of households taking part in poverty reduction activities increased from 200 in 1989 to 51870 in 1996, with 160,000 people shaking off poverty steadily. C

11、ultivating, breeding and processing industry with rural women as the main force accounted for 40% of the total income of agriculture and women contributed above 35% of the family income.,by 1996, there were 800,000 people participated in training, of whom 80% of women mastered one or two practical t

12、echnology, 1549 women became junior technicians and 5160 women became literate. The overall quality of women has improved. The program has increased the vitality that rural women shake off poverty and get rich, enhanced the confidence that they continue their study of culture and technology and fost

13、ered the initiatives of their involvement in training. The thought of small-scale farmer economy that rural women looked after themselves has been changed through activities of helping and learning from each other and mutual aid. The atmosphere of getting common rich has been created. The new type o

14、f community human relationship has been primarily established, promoting spiritual civilization in rural areas. 50,000 households were rewarded Five-Goods Families.,Results 成 效,Case two: Extension of Home Economics Program for Women in Huanglongsi Village, Hebei Province 案例二：河北满城黄龙寺村妇女家政推广项目,Initial

15、 objectives 初期目标 To help rural women learn knowledge, develop production, improve living standard and enhance capability. Final objective 最终目标 To make rural women become modern women with self-esteem, self-reliance, and self-independence.,实施内容 Contents 教育培训 Education and training to deliver knowledg

16、e and skills, enhance the quality of culture and change ideology and ideas. Funds Support 资金扶助 to provide small-amount credit loans and materials of production. 组织建设 Organizing construction to help women establish helping each other groups and foster their awareness of participation and organizing a

17、bility.,Case two: Extension of Home Economics Program for Women in Huanglongsi Village, Hebei Province 案例二：河北满城黄龙寺村妇女家政推广项目,Changes By means of taking part in project,planting or breeding by using loans offered, women have not only gained economic returns but also enhanced their capacities and chang

18、ed their ideas. 通过参与项目，利用贷款搞种植、养殖，农村妇女不仅获得一定的经济收益，而且提高了能力，改变了观念。,In the past: 过去 The most difficult things were shortage of money. The reason of poverty was that the mountain was too high and grew nothing. The way of solving this problem was that somebody could give some money to build a factory so that we could go to work in the factory and earn salary every day.,Now: 现在 The difficulty people talked the most about is having no knowledge and inadequate technology, with no loan to start busin