国际贸易第三章.ppt

1、Chapter 3 International Cargo Transportation,Introduction,The transportation of goods, in international trade, is one of the most important steps. This is because in international trade where an exporter and an importer are always far apart, the goods under the contract have to go a long distance an

2、d sometimes changes several carriers in transit before they reach the importer. In international business, it is one of the basic tasks for the exporter to deliver the goods to the buyer or carrier or agreed conveyance after the contract has been signed, according to the stipulated time, and transpo

3、rt methods in the contract.,Methods of the Delivery,As to the methods of delivery in international practice, there are many methods to deliver the goods purchased, such as ocean transport, railway transport, air transport, river and lake transport, postal transport, road transport, pipelines transpo

4、rt, land bridge transport and international multimode transport and so on. The buyer and seller can decide which method will be the best for goods to be transported according for goods characteristics, quantity ,transit journey, value, time, the natural conditions and so on.,1 Ocean Transport,Ocean

5、transport is the most widely used form of transportations in international trade. It has the attraction of being a cheap mode of transport for delivering large quantities of goods over long distance. So far as foreign trade is concerned, goods transport is mostly (over 80% of world trade in volume t

6、erms) done by ocean vessel.,1 Ocean Transport,1. The Characteristics of Ocean Transport Easy Passage Large Capacity Low Cost Good Adaptability,1 Ocean Transport,2. Ocean Transport 1) Liner transport (1)Characteristics of Liner A liner is a passenger or cargo vessel that operates over a regular rout

7、according to an advertised time-table.,1 Ocean Transport,Fixed rout, ports, schedule and relatively fixed freight. Loading and unloading charges included in freight. Good service. Simple procedures. Ideal for cargo of small quantity.,Some Famous Shipping Companies,MAERSK SEALAND马士基海陆有限公司 MSC地中海航运公司

8、EVERGREEN长荣海运股份有限公司 COSCO中国远洋集装箱运输有限公司（中外集运） CSCL 中海集装箱运输股份有限公司（中海集运）,MAERSK SEALAND,MSC,EVERGREEN,COSCO,1 Ocean Transport,(2)Freight of Liners Freight = Basic freight + Surcharges The basic standards for calculating freight are stipulated as follows:,1 Ocean Transport,The main surcharges are shown

9、as follows: Heavy lift additional 超重附加费 Long length surcharge 超长附加费 Direct additional 直航附加费 Transshipment surcharge 转船附加费 Port congestion surcharge 港口拥挤费 Port surcharge 港口附加费 Deviation surcharge 绕航附加费 Bunker surcharge or bunker adjustment factor(BAF) 燃料附加费 Ice surcharge 冷冻附加费 Cleaning tank surcharge

10、 熏舱附加费,1 Ocean Transport,(3) Calculation of liner freight Translate the English name of the commodity, find out the freight standard of calculating or the freight grade. Find out the basic freight rate in the route freight tariff according to the grades and purpose sea route, then the relative surch

11、arges for the suitable route and basic port. The basic freight rate plus various additional surcharges is the freight per freight ton.,1 Ocean Transport,2) Charter transport Shipping by chartering is also called tramp. A shipping by chartering is a freight-carrying vessel which has no regular route

12、or fixed schedule of sailing. It is first in one trade and then in another, always seeking those ports where a demand is at the moment for shipping space. It falls into three kinds: voyage charter, time charter and demise charter.,2 Ocean Transport Documents,1. Ocean Bill of Lading 1) The concept of

13、 B/L B/L is a document given by a shipping company, representing both a receipt for the goods shipped and contract for shipment between the shipping company and the shipper. It is also a document of title to the goods, giving the holder or the assignee the right of possession.,2 Ocean Transport Docu

14、ments,2) The contents of B/L (1) The contents on obverse side of B/L (2) The content on reverse side of B/L,2 Ocean Transport Documents,3) The classification of B/L (1) On board B/L and received for shipment B/L A shipped on board B/L is evidence that the goods have been loaded on board a certain st

15、eamer. According to general foreign trade practices, only the shipped on board B/L is accepted by banks for payment under a L/C.,2 Ocean Transport Documents,(2) Clean B/L and unclean B/L According to whether there are notes on the B/L, it falls into two kinds: clean B/L and unclean B/L. A clean B/L

16、shows that the goods have been shipped on board, in apparent good order and condition, and there is no modification of the ship-owner.,2 Ocean Transport Documents,Unclean B/L is generally marked “insufficiently packed”, “covers old and stained”, “wet by rain”, “ packed in damaged condition”, “unclea

17、n”, “foul”, etc. There are many recurring types of such clauses including inadequate packaging, unprotected machinery, wet or stained cartons, damaged crates, etc. This type of B/L is usually unacceptable to a bank.,2 Ocean Transport Documents,(3) A straight B/L, an order B/L and a blank B/L Accordi

18、ng to whether the B/L is transferable, it is divided into three kinds: straight B/L, order B/L and blank B/L. A straight B/L is made out so that only the named consignee at the destination is entitled to take delivery of the goods under the bill. This kind of B/L is not transferable.,2 Ocean Transpo

19、rt Documents,An order B/L indicated that the bill is made out to the order of or to order of any person named in such a bill, which may be transferred /negotiated after endorsement. So it is sometimes called transferrable B/L, and commonly used in international practice. A blank B/L is also called o

20、pen B/L or bearer B/L. It refers to the bill in which the name of a definite consignee is not mentioned. This kind of B/L can be transferred/negotiated without endorsement.,2 Ocean Transport Documents,(4) A direct B/L, A transshipment B/L, a through B/L According to the modes of transport, it can be

21、 divided into three kinds.,2 Ocean Transport Documents,(5) A long form B/L, A short form B/L According to the contents of the B/L, it can be divided into two forms: Long form B/L and short form of B/L.,2 Ocean Transport Documents,(6) other types of B/L A freight prepaid B/L and a freight to be collected B/L运费预付提单和运费到付提单 A liner B/L and a charter party B/L班轮提单和租船提单 Container B/L集装箱提单 On deck B/L舱面提单 Anti-dated B/L and advanced B/L倒签提单和预借提单,3 Transportation Clause,1. Time of Delivery The time of delivery refers to the time limit during the seller shall deliver the goods to the